Radical 113

示
Radical 113 (U+2F70)
示 (U+793A) "ancestor, veneration"
Pinyin:	shì
Bopomofo:	ㄕˋ
Wade–Giles:	shih4
Jyutping:	si6
Cantonese Yale:	si6
Hiragana:	シ shi しめす shimesu
Kanji:	示偏 shimesuhen ネ偏 nehen
Hangul:	보일 boil
Sino-Korean:	시 si

Radical 113 (示 Unicode U+793A, compound form 礻 at U+793B, pinyin shì meaning "ancestor, veneration") is number 113 out of 214 Kangxi radicals. It is one of 23 radicals composed of five strokes (the compound form has four strokes). In the Kangxi Dictionary there are 213 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.

The character 示 represents an altar or offering table, the top stroke depicting the offered goods. Compare to this the Egyptian ḥtp hieroglyph which has the same motivation of "altar with offering". In the seal script the table has a T shape. Semantically, the sign suggests relation to anything connected with animism in traditional Chinese religion, such as 祭 "to sacrifice, to practice ancestor veneration", ultimately composed of the sign for meat 肉 and the sign for a hand 手 above the altar character, as it were iconographically expressing "hand placing meat on an altar". The sign 祟 for "spirit" originally referred to misfortune caused by malevolent spirits. In 禁 (jīn ) "to forbid, restrict, restrain", the 林 (lín ) above the radical has only phonetic significance (rebus writing). Similarly, 神 "spirit" has radical 113 plus 申 shēn as a phonetic marker. 祖 "ancestor" on the other hand has radical 113 plus 且, a pictograph of a stand with shelves for offerings to ancestors.

Some signs including the radical have no connection with spirits or animism and are placed in the category purely on formal grounds, such as 票 "ticket" which originally had radical 火 rather than 示.

The compound form 礻 always appears in the left half of characters.

Derived characters

Strokes	Characters
+ 0	示礻
+ 1	礼
+ 2	礽
+ 3	社礿祀祁祂祃
+ 4	祄祅祆祇祈祉祊祋祌祍祎
+ 5	祏祐祑祒祓祔祕祖祗祘祙祚祛祜祝神祟祠祡祢
+ 6	祣祤祥祦祧票祩祪祫祬祭祮祯
+ 7	祰祱祲祳祴祵祶祷祸
+ 8	祹祺祻祼祽祾祿禀禁禂禃禄
+ 9	禅禆禇禈禉禊禋禌禍禎福禐禑禒禓禔禕禖禗禘禙
+10	禚禛禜禝禞禟禠禡禢禣
+11	禤禥禦
+12	禧禨禩禪禫
+13	禬禭禮禯
+14	禰禱
+15	禲
+17	禳禴
+18	禵
+19	禶禷

Literature

Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987). Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993, ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2

External links

Unihan Database - U+793A

Chinese radicals according to the Kangxi Dictionary

1 stroke	1 一 2 丨 3 丶 4 丿 5 乙 6 亅

2 strokes	7 二 8 亠 9 人 10 儿 11 入 12 八 13 冂 14 冖 15 冫 16 几 17 凵 18 刀 19 力 20 勹 21 匕 22 匚 23 匸 24 十 25 卜 26 卩 27 厂 28 厶 29 又

3 strokes	30 口 31 囗 32 土 33 士 34 夂 35 夊 36 夕 37 大 38 女 39 子 40 宀 41 寸 42 小 43 尢 44 尸 45 屮 46 山 47 巛 48 工 49 己 50 巾 51 干 52 幺 53 广 54 廴 55 廿 56 弋 57 弓 58 彐 59 彡 60 彳

4 strokes	61 心 62 戈 63 戶 64 手 65 支 66 攴 67 文 68 斗 69 斤 70 方 71 无 72 日 73 曰 74 月 75 木 76 欠 77 止 78 歹 79 殳 80 毋 81 比 82 毛 83 氏 84 气 85 水 86 火 87 爪 88 父 89 爻 90 爿 91 片 92 牙 93 牛 94 犬

5 strokes	95 玄 96 玉 97 瓜 98 瓦 99 甘 100 生 101 用 102 田 103 疋 104 疒 105 癶 106 白 107 皮 108 皿 109 目 110 矛 111 矢 112 石 113 示 114 禸 115 禾 116 穴 117 立

6 strokes	118 竹 119 米 120 糸 121 缶 122 网 123 羊 124 羽 125 老 126 而 127 耒 128 耳 129 聿 130 肉 131 臣 132 自 133 至 134 臼 135 舌 136 舛 137 舟 138 艮 139 色 140 艸 141 虍 142 虫 143 血 144 行 145 衣 146 西

7 strokes	147 見 148 角 149 言 150 谷 151 豆 152 豕 153 豸 154 貝 155 赤 156 走 157 足 158 身 159 車 160 辛 161 辰 162 辵 163 邑 164 酉 165 釆 166 里

8 strokes	167 金 168 長 169 門 170 阜 171 隶 172 隹 173 雨 174 青 175 非

9 strokes	176 面 177 革 178 韋 179 韭 180 音 181 頁 182 風 183 飛 184 食 185 首 186 香

10 strokes	187 馬 188 骨 189 高 190 髟 191 鬥 192 鬯 193 鬲 194 鬼

11 strokes	195 魚 196 鳥 197 鹵 198 鹿 199 麥 200 麻

12 strokes	201 黃 202 黍 203 黑 204 黹

13 strokes	205 黽 206 鼎 207 鼓 208 鼠

14 strokes	209 鼻 210 齊

15 strokes	211 齒

16 strokes	212 龍 213 龜

17 strokes	214 龠

See also: Kangxi radicals

Radical 113

Derived characters

Literature

External links

See also