Radiation resistance

Antennas
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Radiation resistance is that part of an antenna's feedpoint resistance that is caused by the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the antenna, as opposed to loss resistance (also called ohmic resistance) which generally causes the antenna to heat up. The total of radiation resistance and loss resistance is the electrical resistance of the antenna.

The radiation resistance is determined by the geometry of the antenna, where loss resistance is primarily determined by the materials of which it is made. While the energy lost by ohmic resistance is converted to heat, the energy lost by radiation resistance is converted to electromagnetic radiation.

Radiation resistance is caused by the radiation reaction of the conduction electrons in the antenna.

When electrons are accelerated, as occurs when an AC electrical field is impressed on an antenna, they will radiate electromagnetic waves. These waves carry energy that is taken from the electrons. The loss of energy of the electrons appears as an effective resistance to the movement of the electrons, analogous to the ohmic resistance caused by scattering of the electrons in the crystal lattice of the metallic conductor.

Power is calculated as

P = I^2R \,

where $I$ is the electric current flowing into the feeds of the antenna and $P$ is the power in the resulting electromagnetic field. The result is a virtual, effective resistance:

R = \frac{P}{I^2} \,

This effective resistance is called the radiation resistance.

Radiation resistance

See also