Radeon HD 6000 Series

AMD Radeon HD 6000 Series

Release date	October 22, 2010
Codename	Northern Islands Vancouver
Fabrication process and transistors	292M 40 nm (Cedar) 370M 40 nm (Caicos) 716M 40 nm (Turks) 1,040M 40 nm (Juniper) 1,700M 40 nm (Barts) 2,640M 40 nm (Cayman)
Cards
Entry-level	64xx - 66xx
Mid-range	67xx
High-end	68xx - 6970
Enthusiast	6990
Rendering support
Direct3D	Direct3D 11 Shader Model 5.0
OpenCL	OpenCL 1.2
OpenGL	OpenGL 4.4[1]
History
Predecessor	Radeon HD 5000 Series
Successor	Radeon HD 7000 Series

The Northern Islands series is a family of GPUs developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) forming part of its Radeon-brand, based on the 40 nm process. Some models are based on TeraScale 2 (VLIW5), some on the new TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) introduced with them.

Starting with this family, the former ATI brand was officially discontinued in favor of making a correlation between the graphics products and the AMD branding for computing platforms (the CPUs and chipsets). Therefore, the AMD brand was used as the replacement. The logo for graphics products and technologies also received a minor makeover (using design elements of the 2010 "AMD Vision" logo).

Its direct competitor was Nvidia's GeForce 500 Series; they were launched approximately a month apart.

Architecture

This article is about all products under the Radeon HD 6000 Series brand.

• A GPU implementing TeraScale 2 version "Northern Island (VLIW5)" is found on all models except the "HD 6350" and "HD 6900" branded products.
• The "HD 6350" is based on TeraScale 2 "Evergreen".
• A GPU implementing TeraScale 3 version "Northern Island (VLIW4)" is found on "HD 6900" branded products.

Multi-monitor support

The AMD Eyefinity-branded on-die display controllers were introduced in in September 2009 in the Radeon HD 5000 Series and have been present in all products since.^[2]

Video acceleration

Unified Video Decoder (UVD3) is present on the dies of all products and supported by AMD Catalyst and by the free and open-source graphics device driver#ATI/AMD.

Products

The 6800 series was the first batch of the Radeon 6000 series. Codenamed ''Northern Islands'',^[3] this series was released on October 22, 2010 after brief delays. Over the following months, the budget, midrange, and high-end cards were filled into the series.

Radeon HD 6400

AMD released the entry-level Radeon HD 6400 GPU on February 7, 2011. Codenamed Caicos, it came to market at the same time as the Radeon HD 6500/6600 Turks GPUs. The sole Caicos product, the Radeon HD 6450, aimed to replace the HD 5450. Compared to the 5450 it has double the stream processors, GDDR5 support, along with new Northern Island technologies.

Radeon HD 6500/6600

Codenamed Turks, these entry-level GPUs were released on February 7, 2011. The Turks family includes Turks PRO and Turks XT which are marketed as HD 6570 and HD 6670 respectively. They were originally released to OEMs only, but later released to retail.

The Radeon HD 6570 and 6670 are minor upgrades of their Evergreen counterparts, the HD 5570 and 5670. Turks GPUs contain 80 more stream processors and 4 more texture units. They have also been upgraded to support the new technologies found in the Northern Islands GPUs such as HDMI 1.4a, UVD3, and stereoscopic 3D.

Radeon HD 6700

Codenamed Barts LE, the Radeon HD 6790 was released on April 5, 2011. There is one retail product available, the Radeon HD 6790. Barts uses shaders of the same 5-way VLIW architecture as HD 5000 series.

• HD 6790 has 800 stream processors at 840 MHz, a 256-bit memory interface and 1 GB GDDR5 DRAM at 1 GHz with maximum power draw of 150W. Performance is superior to the NVIDIA GTX 550 Ti and Radeon HD 5770, less powerful than the Radeon HD 6850 and close to the GTX 460 768MB and Radeon HD 5830.

AMD has confirmed that the HD 6700 cards use the Juniper XT and Juniper Pro cores from the HD 5700 series, and therefore they are not formally Northern Islands GPUs. Thus 6770 and 6750 are essentially the 5770 and 5750 respectively, with label being the main difference. There are a few enhancements to the 5700 series including:

• In the HD 6000-series cards, AMD’s Universal Video Decoder was upgraded to version 3.0 which supported Blu-ray 3D codecs, hardware decoding for DivX / XviD and a list of other improvements. The HD 6750 and HD 6770 adds the MVC decode capability of UVD 3.0, but not the rest of the UVD 3.0 features.^[4]

• According to AMD, these cards have been upgraded to support HDMI 1.4a but without the 3D features brought forward by UVD 3.0.

Radeon HD 6800

Codenamed Barts, the Radeon HD 6800 series was released on October 22, 2010. Products include Radeon HD 6850 and Radeon HD 6870. Barts uses shaders of the same 5-way VLIW architecture as HD 5000 series.^[5]

• HD 6850 has 960 stream processors at 775 MHz, a 256-bit memory interface and 1 GB GDDR5 DRAM at 1 GHz with maximum power draw of 127 W. Compared to competitors, performance falls in line with the 1 GB cards of the Nvidia GeForce GTX 460. Compared to predecessor graphics of the Radeon 5800 series, the 6850 is significantly faster than the Radeon HD 5830 and close to the performance of the Radeon HD 5850. A single 6-pin PCIe power connector requirement makes it suitable for most power supplies.

• HD 6870 has 1120 stream processors at 900 MHz (most GPUs are able to run with 980-1000 MHz), a 256-bit memory interface and 1 GB GDDR5 DRAM at 1.05 GHz (can be overclocked to 1.2 GHz (4.8 GHz effective)) with a maximum power draw of 151 W. Performance is superior to the GeForce GTX 460, comparable to the GeForce GTX 560, and less than the GeForce GTX 560 Ti. Compared to predecessor graphics cards of the Radeon 5800 series, the HD 6870 is faster than the HD 5850 and close to the performance of the Radeon HD 5870.^[6]

• HD 6870x2 with two Barts XT GPUs by Powercolor has 2 GB GDDR5 DRAM, 256 x2 bit memory interface and needs twice the power (two 8 pin connectors from a 650 W PSU) more than a HD 6870 graphics card. Having computational power nearly 4.1 TFLOPS is available at stores priced at $500+ with the same clock rates. The HD6870X2 card from Powercolor could crossfire with another 6870 to remove microstutter & increase the performance to similar levels seen in the HD6990/GTX590 for less cost. 2 of the HD6870X2 cards could crossfire as well which resulted in a further increase in performance putting it to similar level of performance to 2 HD6970 or GTX580s.^[7]

Radeon HD 6900

This family includes three different high-end products all based on TeraScale 3 (VLIW4)

Codenamed Cayman, the Radeon HD 6900 series was expected to be released on November 12, 2010. These release dates were pushed further back and Cayman was released on December 15, 2010. Products include Radeon HD 6950 and Radeon HD 6970. Cayman is based on new 4-way VLIW architecture, which was chosen over AMD's older VLIW5 in order to reduce complexity in the design of AMD's stream processors. Studies showed that few applications fully leveraged the extra stage in a VLIW5 SP. Reducing the stream processors to VLIW4 allows AMD to save on transistors for each individual SP and add more overall in the future.^[8]

• In games, the performance of HD 6970 is comparable to the NVIDIA GeForce GTX 570 and GTX 480. The Radeon HD 6950 is slightly slower than the 6970, comparable to slightly faster than the GTX 560 Ti and faster than the HD 5870. The HD 6950 was further discovered to be nearly identical to the 6970 in core design, though the 6950 has lower rated GDDR5 memory. Other than that, the two only differed in BIOS flashed software. As such, a BIOS flash would essentially upgrade the 6950 to a 6970. This was later addressed by AMD and its partners by laser cutting the extra cores (rather than simply disabling them in BIOS), and/or using non-reference card designs that would not work with a 6970 BIOS. Some 6950s can still be "unlocked", but it is much more difficult, requiring careful card selection and custom BIOS.

• Codenamed Antilles, the Enthusiast dual-GPU (dual-6970) Radeon HD 6990 was launched on March 9, 2011. It features an 830 MHz reference engine clock speed, 3072 stream processors, 5.1 TFLOPS computing performance, 192 texture units, 4 GB of GDDR5 frame buffer (DRAM), and 375 W maximum board power.^[9]

• The AMD Radeon HD 6990 (As with some other 6000 Series AMD Cards) comes with a dual BIOS switch. This enables what some claim to be a hidden 'AMD Uber Mode', however it is used most commonly as a backup when flashing the BIOS. (The same method used to flash the HD 6950 to appear as a HD 6970)^[10]

AMD PowerTune was introduced with Radeon HD 6900 series.

Chipset table

Northern Islands (HD 6xxx) Series

• All models up to and including HD 6870 are based on the VLIW5 ISA
• HD 6900 models are based on the VLIW4 ISA.
• All models support DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 4.3, OpenCL 1.2

Model	Launch	Codename	Fab (nm)	Transistors (Million)	Die Size (mm2)	Bus interface	Memory (MiB)	Clock rate		Config core	Fillrate		Memory			Processing Power GFLOPS		TDP (W)		GFLOPS/W Single Precision	Release Price (USD)
								Core (MHz)	Memory (MHz)		Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)	Single Precision	Double Precision	Idle	Max.
Radeon HD 6350	Apr 7, 2011	Cedar	40	292	59	PCIe 2.1 ×16	512	650	800	80:8:4	2.6	5.2	12.8	DDR3	64	104	No	6.4	19.1	5.45	$23
Radeon HD 6450	Feb 7, 2011 (OEM)	Caicos	40	370	67	PCIe 2.1 ×16	512	625 750	533 800	160:8:4	2.5 3.0	5.0 6.0	8.5 12.8	DDR3	64	200 240	No	9	18 27	11.11 13.33	OEM
Radeon HD 6450	Apr 7, 2011	Caicos	40	370	67	PCIe 2.1 ×16	512 1024 2048	625 750	800 900	160:8:4	2.5 3.0	5.0 6.0	25.6 28.8	GDDR5	64	200 240	No	9	18 27	7.41 8.89	$55
Radeon HD 6570	Feb 7, 2011 (OEM)	Turks PRO	40	716	118	PCIe 2.1 ×16	1024	650	900	480:24:8	5.2	15.6	28.8	DDR3	128	624	No	10	44	14.18	OEM
Radeon HD 6570	Apr 19, 2011	Turks PRO	40	716	118	PCIe 2.1 ×16	2048 4096	650 650	667 1000	480:24:8	5.2	15.6	21.3 64.0	DDR3 GDDR5	128	624	No	11	60	10.4	$79
Radeon HD 6670	Apr 19, 2011	Turks XT	40	716	118	PCIe 2.1 ×16	512 1024 2048	800 800	800 1000	480:24:8	6.4	19.2	25.6 64.0	DDR3 GDDR5	128	768	No	12	66	11.64	$99
Radeon HD 6750	Jan 21, 2011 (OEM)	Juniper PRO	40	1040	166	PCIe 2.1 ×16	512 1024	700 700	1150 1150	720:36:16	11.2	25.2	73.6	GDDR5	128	1008	No	16	86	11.72	OEM
Radeon HD 6770	Apr 19, 2011	Juniper XT	40	1040	166	PCIe 2.1 ×16	512 1024	850 850	1200 1050	800:40:16	13.6	34.0	76.8 67.2	GDDR5	128	1360	No	18	108	12.59	?
Radeon HD 6790	Apr 4, 2011	Barts LE	40	1700	255	PCIe 2.1 ×16	1024	840	1050	800:40:16	13.4	33.6	134.4	GDDR5	256	1344	No	19	150	8.96	$149
Radeon HD 6850	Oct 22, 2010	Barts Pro	40	1700	255	PCIe 2.1 ×16	1024	775	1000	960:48:32	24.8	37.2	128.0	GDDR5	256	1488	No	19	127	11.72	$179
Radeon HD 6870		Barts XT	40	1700	255	PCIe 2.1 ×16	1024	900	1050	1120:56:32	28.8	50.4	134.4	GDDR5	256	2016	No	19	151	13.35	$239
Radeon HD 6930	Dec 2011	Cayman CE	40	2640	389	PCIe 2.1 ×16	1024 2048	750 750	1200 1200	1280:80:32	24.0	60.0	153.6	GDDR5	256	1920	480	18	186	10.32	$180
Radeon HD 6950	Dec 15, 2010	Cayman Pro	40	2640	389	PCIe 2.1 ×16	1024 2048	800 800	1250 1250	1408:88:32	25.6	70.4	160.0	GDDR5	256	2253	563	20	200	11.27	$259 $299
Radeon HD 6970		Cayman XT	40	2640	389	PCIe 2.1 ×16	2048	880	1375	1536:96:32	28.2	84.5	176.0	GDDR5	256	2703	675	20	250	10.81	$369
Radeon HD 6990	Mar 8, 2011	Antilles XT	40	2640x2	389x2	PCIe 2.1 ×16	2048×2	830	1250	1536:96:32 ×2	2× 26.5	2× 79.6	2× 160.0	GDDR5	256×2	5099	1276.88	37	375	13.6	$699
Model	Launch	Codename	Fab (nm)	Transistors (Million)	Die Size (mm2)	Bus interface	Memory (MiB)	Core (MHz)	Memory (MHz)	Config core	Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)	Single Precision	Double Precision	Idle	Max.	GFLOPS/W Single Precision	Release Price (USD)
								Clock rate			Fillrate		Memory			Processing Power GFLOPS		TDP (W)

¹ Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units
² The effective data transfer rate of GDDR5 is quadruple its nominal clock, instead of double as with other DDR memory.
³ The TDP is reference design TDP values from AMD. Different non-reference board designs from vendors may lead to slight variations in actual TDP.

IGP (HD 6xxx)

• All models are based on the VLIW5 ISA
• All models support DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 4.3, OpenCL 1.2
• All models do not feature double-precision FP
• All models feature the UNB/MC Bus interface
• All models feature Angle independent anisotropic filtering, UVD3, and Eyefinity capabilities, with up to three outputs. HD 63xxD and higher feature 3D Blu-ray acceleration, while the standard 63xx (non-'D')does not.

Model	Released	Code name	Fab (nm)	Core Clock (MHz)	Config core1	Fillrate		Shared Memory			GFLOPS	Combined TDP2 (W)		GFLOPS/W
						Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)		Idle	Max.
Radeon HD 6250[11]	Nov 9, 2010[12]	Wrestler[13][N 1]	40	280-400[11]	80:8:4	1.12	2.24	8.525	DDR3-1066	64	44.8	Unknown	9	4.98
Radeon HD 6290	Jan 7, 2011	Ontario[N 2]		276-400		1.12	2.24	8.525		64	44.8	Unknown	9	4.98
Radeon HD 6310[11]	Nov 9, 2010[12]	Wrestler[13][N 3]		492		2.0	4.0	8.5		64[14]	80	Unknown	18	4.44
Radeon HD 6320	Aug 15, 2011	Wrestler[N 4]		508-600		2.0	4.1	10.6	DDR3-1333	64[14]	82-97	Unknown	18	4.56-5.39
Radeon HD 6370D	4th quarter 2011	WinterPark[N 5]	32	443	160:8:4	1.77	3.54	25.6	DDR3-1600	128	142	Unknown	65	2.18
Radeon HD 6410D	Jun 20, 2011[12]	WinterPark[N 6]		600	160:8:4	2.4	4.8	29.9	DDR3-1866	128	192	Unknown	65	2.95
Radeon HD 6530D	Jun 20, 2011[12]	BeaverCreek[N 7]		443	320:16:8	3.54	7.08	29.9	DDR3-1866	128	284	Unknown	65-100	2.84-4.37
Radeon HD 6550D	Jun 20, 2011	BeaverCreek[N 8]		600	400:20:8	4.8	12	29.9	DDR3-1866	128	480	Unknown	65-100	4.8-7.38

• ¹ Unified Shaders  : Texture mapping units : Render output units
• ² TDP specified for AMD reference designs, includes CPU power consumption. Actual TDP of retail products may vary.

Vancouver (HD 6xxxM) Series

• All models are based on the VLIW5 ISA
• All models support DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 4.3, OpenCL 1.2
• All models do not feature double-precision FP

Model[15]	Launch	Model Number	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Memory (MiB)	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Config core1	Fillrate		Memory			Processing Power GFLOPs	TDP (Watts)GPU only	Features
										Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)
Radeon HD 6330M[16]	November 26, 2010	Robson LP	Cedar	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	up to 1024	500	800	80:8:4	2.0	4.0	12.8	DDR3	64	80	7	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6350M[16]	November 26, 2010	Robson Pro	Cedar	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	up to 1024	500 500	800 900	80:8:4	2.0	4.0	12.8 14.4	DDR3	64	80	7	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6370M[16]	November 26, 2010	Robson XT	Cedar	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	750	900	80:8:4	3.0	6.0	14.4	DDR3	64	120	11	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6430M[17]	January 4, 2011	Seymour LP	Caicos	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	480	800	160:8:4	1.92	3.84	12.8	DDR3	64	153.6	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6450M[17]	January 4, 2011	Seymour Pro	Caicos	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	600	800	160:8:4	2.4	4.8	12.8	DDR3	64	192	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6470M[17]	January 4, 2011	Seymour XT	Caicos	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	700 750	800 800	160:8:4	2.8 3.0	5.6 6.0	12.8	DDR3	64	224 240	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6490M[17]	January 4, 2011	Seymour XT	Caicos	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	512	800	800	160:8:4	3.2	6.4	25.6	GDDR5	64	256	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6530M[18]	November 26, 2010	Capilano Pro	Redwood	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	500	900	400:20:8	4.0	10.0	28.8	DDR3	128	400	26	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6550M[18]	November 26, 2010	Capilano Pro	Redwood	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	600	900	400:20:8	4.8	12.0	28.8	DDR3	128	480	26	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6570M[18]	November 26, 2010	Capilano XT	Redwood	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	650	900	400:20:8	5.2	13.0	28.8 57.6	DDR3 GDDR5	128	520	30	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6630M[19]	January 4, 2011	Whistler LP	Turks	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	256(mac) 1024	485	800	480:24:8	3.88	11.64	51.2 (mac) 25.6	GDDR5(mac) DDR3	128	465.6	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6650M[19]	January 4, 2011	Whistler Pro	Turks	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	600	900	480:24:8	4.8	14.4	28.8	DDR3	128	576	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6730M[19]	January 4, 2011	Whistler XT	Turks	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	725	800	480:24:8	5.8	17.4	25.6	DDR3	128	696	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6750M[19]	January 4, 2011	Whistler Pro	Turks	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	256 512 1024	600	800 900	480:24:8	4.8	14.4	51.2 57.6	GDDR5	128	576	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6770M[19]	January 4, 2011	Whistler XT	Turks	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	1024	725	900	480:24:8	5.8	17.4	57.6	GDDR5	128	696	Unknown	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6830M[20]	January 4, 2011	Granville Pro	Juniper	40	PCIe x16 2.1	up to 2048	575	800	800:40:16	9.2	23.0	25.6	DDR3	128	920	39	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6850M[20]	January 4, 2011	Granville XT	Juniper	40	PCIe x16 2.1	up to 2048	675	800	800:40:16	10.8	27.0	25.6	DDR3	128	1080	50	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6850M[20]	January 4, 2011	Granville Pro	Juniper	40	PCIe x16 2.1	1024	575	800	800:40:16	9.2	23.0	57.6	GDDR5	128	920	39	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6870M[20]	January 4, 2011	Granville XT	Juniper	40	PCIe x16 2.1	1024	675	1000	800:40:16	10.8	27	64	GDDR5	128	1080	50	UVD2.2, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6950M[21]	January 4, 2011	Blackcomb Pro	Barts	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	up to 2048	580	900	960:48:32	18.56	27.84	115.2	GDDR5	256	1113.6	50	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6970M[21]	January 4, 2011	Blackcomb XT	Barts	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	up to 2048	680	900	960:48:32	21.76	32.64	115.2	GDDR5	256	1305.6	75	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Radeon HD 6990M[22]	July 12, 2011	Blackcomb XTX	Barts	40	PCIe 2.1 x16	2048	715	900	1120:56:32	22.88	40.04	115.2	GDDR5	256	1601.6	75	UVD3.0, PowerPlay
Model[15]	Launch	Model Number	Code name	Fab (nm)	Bus interface	Memory (MiB)	Core clock (MHz)	Memory clock (MHz)	Config core1	Fillrate		Memory			Processing Power GFLOPs	TDP (Watts)	Features
										Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)

IGP (HD 6xxxG)

• All models are based on the VLIW5 ISA
• All models support DirectX 11.0, OpenGL 4.3, OpenCL 1.2
• All models do not feature double-precision FP
• All models feature the UNB/MC Bus interface
• All models feature Angle independent anisotropic filtering, UVD3 and Eyefinity capabilities, with up to 3 outputs.

Model	Released	Code name	Fab (nm)	Core Clock (MHz)	Config core1	Fillrate		Shared Memory			GFLOPS	Combined TDP2 (W)
						Pixel (GP/s)	Texture (GT/s)	Bandwidth (GB/s)	Bus type	Bus width (bit)		Idle	Max.
Radeon HD 6380G	June 14, 2011	WinterPark[N 1]	32	400	160:8:4	1.6	3.2	17.06	DDR3-1333	128	128	Unknown	35
Radeon HD 6480G	June 14, 2011	BeaverCreek[N 2]	32	444	240:12:4	1.77	3.55	17.06	DDR3-1333	128	213.1	Unknown	35-45
Radeon HD 6520G	June 14, 2011	BeaverCreek[N 3]	32	400	320:16:8	3.2	6.4	17.06	DDR3-1333	128	256	Unknown	35-45
Radeon HD 6620G	June 14, 2011	BeaverCreek[N 4]	32	444	400:20:8	3.55	8.88	25.6	DDR3-1600	128	355.2	Unknown	35-45

• ¹ Unified Shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units
• ² TDP specified for AMD reference designs, includes CPU power consumption. Actual TDP of retail products may vary.

See also

• Radeon HD 2000 Series
• Radeon HD 3000 Series
• Radeon HD 4000 Series
• Radeon HD 5000 Series
• Radeon HD 7000 Series
• Radeon HD 8000 Series
• Radeon Rx 200 Series
• Nvidia GeForce 500 Series
• Free and open-source device drivers: graphics#ATI.2FAMD

References

External links

• John Pearce (May 2, 2012). "AMD's Radeon HD 6970 Performance Comparison". hardinfo-benchmark.com. Retrieved May 2, 2012. 
• David Kanter (December 14, 2010). "AMD's Cayman GPU Architecture". realworldtech.com. Retrieved January 10, 2011. 
• AMD Radeon HD 6000 series
• techPowerUp! GPU Database

AMD graphics   Radeon-brand (List of GPUs and List of APUs) Fixed pipeline Wonder Mach Rage R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 All-in-Wonder Unified shaders TeraScale HD 2000 HD 3000 HD 4000 HD 5000 HD 6000 Unified shaders & memory GCN HD 7000 HD 8000 Rx 200 Rx 300   Current technologies and software Audio/Video acceleration Unified Video Decoder (UVD) Video Codec Engine (VCE) TrueAudio GPU technologies Eyefinity (multi-monitor) PowerTune (power-saving) CrossFireX (multi-GPU) Hybrid Graphics HyperMemory HyperZ Mantle HSA Software Catalyst Mantle HD3D AMD CodeXL GPU PerfStudio AMD APP SDK HLSL2GLSL Close to Metal   Other brands and products Workstations & Supercomputers FireGL/FirePro (certified OpenGL) FireMV (multi-monitor) FireStream (stream processing & GPGPU) Consoles Flipper (GameCube) Xenos (Xbox 360) Hollywood (Wii) Latte (Wii U) AMD Liverpool (PlayStation 4) AMD Durango (Xbox One)