RAD51C
RAD51 homolog C (S. cerevisiae), also known as RAD51C, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the RAD51C gene.[1][2]
Function
This gene is a member of the RAD51 family of related genes, which encode strand-transfer proteins thought to be involved in recombinational repair of damaged DNA and in meiotic recombination. This gene product interacts with two other DNA repair proteins, encoded by RAD51B and XRCC3, but not with itself. The protein copurifies with XRCC3 protein in a complex, reflecting their endogenous association and suggesting a cooperative role during recombinational repair. This gene is one of four localized to a region of chromosome 17q23 where amplification occurs frequently in breast tumors. Overexpression of the four genes during amplification has been observed and suggests a possible role in tumor progression. Alternative splicing has been observed for this gene and two variants encoding different isoforms have been identified.[1]
Clinical significance
A characteristic of many cancer cells is that parts of some genes contained within these cells have been recombined with other genes. One such gene fusion that has been identified in a MCF-7 breast cancer cell line is a chimera between the RAD51C and ATXN7 genes.[3][4] Since the RAD51C protein is involved in repairing double strand chromosome breaks, this chromosomal rearrangement could be responsible for the other rearrangements.[4]
Interactions
RAD51C has been shown to interact with:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: RAD51C RAD51 homolog C (S. cerevisiae)".
- ↑ Dosanjh MK, Collins DW, Fan W, Lennon GG, Albala JS, Shen Z et al. (March 1998). "Isolation and characterization of RAD51C, a new human member of the RAD51 family of related genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (5): 1179–84. doi:10.1093/nar/26.5.1179. PMC 147393. PMID 9469824.
- ↑ Wade N (2008-12-25). "The Chaos Inside a Cancer Cell". Science Visuals. NYTimes.com. Retrieved 2008-12-29.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hampton OA, Den Hollander P, Miller CA, Delgado DA, Li J, Coarfa C et al. (December 2008). "A sequence-level map of chromosomal breakpoints in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line yields insights into the evolution of a cancer genome". Genome Res. 19 (2): 167–77. doi:10.1101/gr.080259.108. PMC 2652200. PMID 19056696.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hussain S, Wilson JB, Medhurst AL, Hejna J, Witt E, Ananth S et al. (June 2004). "Direct interaction of FANCD2 with BRCA2 in DNA damage response pathways". Hum. Mol. Genet. 13 (12): 1241–8. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddh135. PMID 15115758.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Miller KA, Yoshikawa DM, McConnell IR, Clark R, Schild D, Albala JS (March 2002). "RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8406–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108306200. PMID 11744692.
- ↑ Sigurdsson S, Van Komen S, Bussen W, Schild D, Albala JS, Sung P (Dec 2001). "Mediator function of the human Rad51B-Rad51C complex in Rad51/RPA-catalyzed DNA strand exchange". Genes Dev. 15 (24): 3308–18. doi:10.1101/gad.935501. PMC 312844. PMID 11751636.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Liu N, Schild D, Thelen MP, Thompson LH (February 2002). "Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of Rad51 paralogs in human cells". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (4): 1009–15. doi:10.1093/nar/30.4.1009. PMC 100342. PMID 11842113.
- ↑ Kurumizaka H, Ikawa S, Nakada M, Eda K, Kagawa W, Takata M et al. (May 2001). "Homologous-pairing activity of the human DNA-repair proteins Xrcc3.Rad51C". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (10): 5538–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.091603098. PMC 33248. PMID 11331762.
Further reading
- Dosanjh MK, Collins DW, Fan W, Lennon GG, Albala JS, Shen Z et al. (1998). "Isolation and characterization of RAD51C, a new human member of the RAD51 family of related genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 26 (5): 1179–84. doi:10.1093/nar/26.5.1179. PMC 147393. PMID 9469824.
- Schild D, Lio YC, Collins DW, Tsomondo T, Chen DJ (2000). "Evidence for simultaneous protein interactions between human Rad51 paralogs". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (22): 16443–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001473200. PMID 10749867.
- Avela K, Lipsanen-Nyman M, Idänheimo N, Seemanová E, Rosengren S, Mäkelä TP et al. (2000). "Gene encoding a new RING-B-box-Coiled-coil protein is mutated in mulibrey nanism". Nat. Genet. 25 (3): 298–301. doi:10.1038/77053. PMID 10888877. Vancouver style error (help)
- Bärlund M, Monni O, Kononen J, Cornelison R, Torhorst J, Sauter G et al. (2000). "Multiple genes at 17q23 undergo amplification and overexpression in breast cancer". Cancer Res. 60 (19): 5340–4. PMID 11034067. Vancouver style error (help)
- Wu GJ, Sinclair CS, Paape J, Ingle JN, Roche PC, James CD et al. (2000). "17q23 amplifications in breast cancer involve the PAT1, RAD51C, PS6K, and SIGma1B genes". Cancer Res. 60 (19): 5371–5. PMID 11034073.
- Kurumizaka H, Ikawa S, Nakada M, Eda K, Kagawa W, Takata M et al. (2001). "Homologous-pairing activity of the human DNA-repair proteins Xrcc3⋅Rad51C". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (10): 5538–43. doi:10.1073/pnas.091603098. PMC 33248. PMID 11331762.
- Leasure CS, Chandler J, Gilbert DJ, Householder DB, Stephens R, Copeland NG et al. (2001). "Sequence, chromosomal location and expression analysis of the murine homologue of human RAD51L2/RAD51C". Gene 271 (1): 59–67. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00498-X. PMID 11410366.
- Masson JY, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, Benson FE, West SC (2001). "Complex formation by the human RAD51C and XRCC3 recombination repair proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (15): 8440–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.111005698. PMC 37455. PMID 11459987.
- Miller KA, Yoshikawa DM, McConnell IR, Clark R, Schild D, Albala JS (2002). "RAD51C interacts with RAD51B and is central to a larger protein complex in vivo exclusive of RAD51". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8406–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108306200. PMID 11744692.
- Masson JY, Tarsounas MC, Stasiak AZ, Stasiak A, Shah R, McIlwraith MJ et al. (2002). "Identification and purification of two distinct complexes containing the five RAD51 paralogs". Genes Dev. 15 (24): 3296–307. doi:10.1101/gad.947001. PMC 312846. PMID 11751635.
- Sigurdsson S, Van Komen S, Bussen W, Schild D, Albala JS, Sung P (2002). "Mediator function of the human Rad51B–Rad51C complex in Rad51/RPA-catalyzed DNA strand exchange". Genes Dev. 15 (24): 3308–18. doi:10.1101/gad.935501. PMC 312844. PMID 11751636.
- Wiese C, Collins DW, Albala JS, Thompson LH, Kronenberg A, Schild D (2002). "Interactions involving the Rad51 paralogs Rad51C and XRCC3 in human cells". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (4): 1001–8. doi:10.1093/nar/30.4.1001. PMC 100332. PMID 11842112.
- Liu N, Schild D, Thelen MP, Thompson LH (2002). "Involvement of Rad51C in two distinct protein complexes of Rad51 paralogs in human cells". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (4): 1009–15. doi:10.1093/nar/30.4.1009. PMC 100342. PMID 11842113.
- Godthelp BC, Artwert F, Joenje H, Zdzienicka MZ (2002). "Impaired DNA damage-induced nuclear Rad51 foci formation uniquely characterizes Fanconi anemia group D1". Oncogene 21 (32): 5002–5. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205656. PMID 12118380.
- Lio YC, Mazin AV, Kowalczykowski SC, Chen DJ (2003). "Complex formation by the human Rad51B and Rad51C DNA repair proteins and their activities in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (4): 2469–78. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211038200. PMID 12427746.
- French CA, Tambini CE, Thacker J (2003). "Identification of functional domains in the RAD51L2 (RAD51C) protein and its requirement for gene conversion". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (46): 45445–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308621200. PMID 12966089.
- Braybrooke JP, Li JL, Wu L, Caple F, Benson FE, Hickson ID (2004). "Functional interaction between the Bloom's syndrome helicase and the RAD51 paralog, RAD51L3 (RAD51D)". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (48): 48357–66. doi:10.1074/jbc.M308838200. PMID 12975363.
- Miller KA, Sawicka D, Barsky D, Albala JS (2004). "Domain mapping of the Rad51 paralog protein complexes". Nucleic Acids Res. 32 (1): 169–78. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg925. PMC 373258. PMID 14704354.
- Liu Y, Masson JY, Shah R, O'Regan P, West SC (2004). "RAD51C is required for Holliday junction processing in mammalian cells". Science 303 (5655): 243–6. doi:10.1126/science.1093037. PMID 14716019.