RAD21
Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD21 gene.[1][2]
The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad21, a gene involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, as well as in chromatid cohesion during mitosis. This protein is a nuclear phospho-protein, which becomes hyperphosphorylated in cell cycle M phase. The highly regulated association of this protein with mitotic chromatin specifically at the centromere region suggests its role in sister chromatid cohesion in mitotic cells.[2]
Interactions
RAD21 has been shown to interact with SMARCA5.[3]
See also
References
- ↑ McKay MJ, Troelstra C, van der Spek P, Kanaar R, Smit B, Hagemeijer A, Bootsma D, Hoeijmakers JH (Jan 1997). "Sequence conservation of the rad21 Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA double-strand break repair gene in human and mouse". Genomics 36 (2): 305–15. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0466. PMID 8812457.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: RAD21 RAD21 homolog (S. pombe)".
- ↑ Hakimi, Mohamed-Ali; Bochar Daniel A; Schmiesing John A; Dong Yuanshu; Barak Orr G; Speicher David W; Yokomori Kyoko; Shiekhattar Ramin (Aug 2002). "A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes". Nature (England) 418 (6901): 994–8. doi:10.1038/nature01024. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12198550.
Further reading
- Nomura N, Nagase T, Miyajima N et al. (1995). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1". DNA Res. 1 (5): 223–9. doi:10.1093/dnares/1.5.223. PMID 7584044.
- Parisi S, McKay MJ, Molnar M et al. (1999). "Rec8p, a Meiotic Recombination and Sister Chromatid Cohesion Phosphoprotein of the Rad21p Family Conserved from Fission Yeast to Humans". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (5): 3515–28. PMC 84144. PMID 10207075.
- Sadano H, Sugimoto H, Sakai F et al. (2000). "NXP-1, a human protein related to Rad21/Scc1/Mcd1, is a component of the nuclear matrix". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (1): 418–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1969. PMID 10623634.
- Losada A, Yokochi T, Kobayashi R, Hirano T (2000). "Identification and Characterization of Sa/Scc3p Subunits in the Xenopus and Human Cohesin Complexes". J. Cell Biol. 150 (3): 405–16. doi:10.1083/jcb.150.3.405. PMC 2175199. PMID 10931856.
- Hoque MT, Ishikawa F (2001). "Human chromatid cohesin component hRad21 is phosphorylated in M phase and associated with metaphase centromeres". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (7): 5059–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007809200. PMID 11073952.
- Sumara I, Vorlaufer E, Gieffers C et al. (2000). "Characterization of Vertebrate Cohesin Complexes and Their Regulation in Prophase". J. Cell Biol. 151 (4): 749–62. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.4.749. PMC 2169443. PMID 11076961.
- Sook Kim M, Hyen Baek J, Bae MK, Kim KW (2001). "Human rad21 gene, hHR21(SP), is downregulated by hypoxia in human tumor cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 281 (5): 1106–12. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4488. PMID 11243849.
- Severin DM, Leong T, Cassidy B et al. (2001). "Novel DNA sequence variants in the hHR21 DNA repair gene in radiosensitive cancer patients". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 50 (5): 1323–31. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01608-X. PMID 11483345.
- Hauf S, Waizenegger IC, Peters JM (2001). "Cohesin cleavage by separase required for anaphase and cytokinesis in human cells". Science 293 (5533): 1320–3. doi:10.1126/science.1061376. PMID 11509732.
- Gregson HC, Schmiesing JA, Kim JS et al. (2002). "A potential role for human cohesin in mitotic spindle aster assembly". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (50): 47575–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103364200. PMID 11590136.
- Deng Y, Li S, Li X, Magali T (2002). "Expression of hHR21sp gene by peripheral blood and hematopoietic cells of normal subjects and Fanconi anemia patients". Chin. Med. J. 114 (12): 1295–9. PMID 11793857.
- Chen F, Kamradt M, Mulcahy M et al. (2002). "Caspase proteolysis of the cohesin component RAD21 promotes apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (19): 16775–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201322200. PMID 11875078.
- Prieto I, Pezzi N, Buesa JM et al. (2003). "STAG2 and Rad21 mammalian mitotic cohesins are implicated in meiosis". EMBO Rep. 3 (6): 543–50. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf108. PMC 1084142. PMID 12034751.
- Hakimi MA, Bochar DA, Schmiesing JA et al. (2002). "A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes". Nature 418 (6901): 994–8. doi:10.1038/nature01024. PMID 12198550.
- Hoque MT, Ishikawa F (2003). "Cohesin defects lead to premature sister chromatid separation, kinetochore dysfunction, and spindle-assembly checkpoint activation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (44): 42306–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206836200. PMID 12200439.
- Pati D, Zhang N, Plon SE (2003). "Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Apoptosis: Role of Rad21". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (23): 8267–77. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.23.8267-8277.2002. PMC 134054. PMID 12417729.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Chestukhin A, Pfeffer C, Milligan S et al. (2003). "Processing, localization, and requirement of human separase for normal anaphase progression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (8): 4574–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0730733100. PMC 153597. PMID 12672959.
- Porkka KP, Tammela TL, Vessella RL, Visakorpi T (2004). "RAD21 and KIAA0196 at 8q24 are amplified and overexpressed in prostate cancer". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 39 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/gcc.10289. PMID 14603436.