Quercus acutissima

Quercus acutissima
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Section: Q. sect. Cerris
Species: Q. acutissima
Binomial name
Quercus acutissima
Carruth.

Quercus acutissima, the sawtooth oak, is an oak originally native to eastern Asia, in China, Korea and Japan. It is now also present in North America. It is closely related to the turkey oak, classified with it in Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that mature in about 18 months.

Description

Acorns from Quercus acutissima

It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 25–30 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The bark is dark gray and deeply furrowed. The leaves are 8–20 cm long and 3–6 cm wide, with 14-20 small saw-tooth like triangular lobes on each side, with the teeth of very regular shape.

The flowers are wind-pollinated catkins. The fruit is an acorn, maturing about 18 months after pollination, 2–3 cm long and 2 cm broad, bicoloured with an orange basal half grading to a green-brown tip; the acorn cup is 1.5–2 cm deep, densely covered in soft 4–8 mm long 'mossy' bristles. It is closely related to Quercus cerris, classified with it in Quercus sect. Cerris, a section of the genus characterised by shoot buds surrounded by soft bristles, bristle-tipped leaf lobes, and acorns that mature in about 18 months.[1]

Taxonomy

Synonyms include: Quercus acutissima var. depressinucata H. W. Jen & R. Q. Gao; Q. acutissima var. septentrionalis Liou; Q. lunglingensis Hu.[1]

Distribution and habitat

Quercus acutissima lives in deciduous forests at altitudes of up to 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) in South Asia and South East Asia.[1]

Ecology

The acorns are very bitter, but are eaten by jays and pigeons; squirrels usually only eat them when other food sources have run out. The sap of the tree can leak out of the trunk. Beetles, stag beetles, butterflies, and Vespa mandarinia japonica gather to reach this sap.

Uses

Sawtooth oak is widely planted in eastern North America and is naturalised in some areas; it is also occasionally planted in Europe but has not naturalised there. Most planting in North America was carried out for wildlife food provision, as the species tends to bear heavier crops of acorns than other native American oak species; however the bitterness of the acorns makes it less suitable for this purpose and sawtooth oak is becoming a problem invasive species in some areas and states, such as Wisconsin. Sawtooth oak trees also grow at a faster rate which helps it compete against other native trees. The wood has many of the characteristics of other oaks, but is very prone to crack and split and hence is relegated to such uses as fencing.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chengjiu Huang, Yongtian Zhang & Bruce Bartholomew (1999). "Fagaceae". In Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Wu Zheng-Yi. Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Flora of China 4. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. pp. 314–400. ISBN 9780915279708.

External links