Pyrgulopsis
Pyrgulopsis | |
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Apertural view of a shell of †Pyrgulopsis nevadensis. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
(unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda |
Superfamily: | Rissooidea |
Family: | Hydrobiidae |
Subfamily: | Nymphophilinae |
Genus: | Pyrgulopsis Call & Pilsbry, 1886[1] |
Diversity[2][3] | |
133 species |
Pyrgulopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.
Etymology
The name Pyrgulopsis is composed from Pyrgula and opsis = aspect of.[1]
Shell description
Generic characters of the genus Pyrgulopsis are: the shell is minute, conically turreted, somewhat elongated, imperforate and unicarinate. The apex is acute. The aperture is ovate. The peritreme is continuous.[1]
The operculum is ovate, thin, corneous and spiral, with polar point well forward and approximating the columella.[1]
Anatomy
The jaw is thin and membranaceous.[1]
The radula is like this: Odontophore with teeth are arranged in transverse rows, according to the formula 3 + 1 + 3. Formula for denticles of rhachidian:[1]
4 + 1 + 4⁄1 + 1.
Distribution
The distribution of the genus Pyrgulopsis includes Western and South-western United States.[1]
Habitat
Snails of species in the genus Pyrgulopsis occur in fresh water and in brackish water.[1]
Species
![](../I/m/Pyrgulopsis_neomexicana_shell.jpg)
Pyrgulopsis is the largest genus of freshwater gastropods in the North America. In 2010, 133 species were recognized in this genus.[2][3]
Species in the genus Pyrgulopsis include:[4]
- Pyrgulopsis aardahli Hershler, 1989 - Benton Valley springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis aloba Hershler, 1999 - Duckwater pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis amargosae Hershler, 1989 - Amargosa springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis archimedis S. S. Berry, 1947 - archimedes pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis arizonae (Taylor, 1987) - Apache springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis avernalis (Pilsbry, 1935) - Moapa pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis bacchus Hershler, 1988 - Grand Wash springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis bedfordensis Hershler & Gustafson, 2001[5]
- Pyrgulopsis bernardina (Taylor, 1987) - San Bernardino springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis blainica Hershler, H.-P. Liu & Gustafson, 2008[6]
- Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Hershler, 1990 - Bruneau hot springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis bryantwalkeri Hershler, 1994 - Cortez Hills pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis californiensis (Gregg & Taylor, 1965) - Laguna Mountain springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis carinifera (Pilsbry, 1935)
- Pyrgulopsis castaicensis Hershler & Liu, 2010[2]
- Pyrgulopsis chupaderae (Taylor, 1987) - Chupadera springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis conica Hershler, 1988 - Kingman springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis cruciglans Hershler, 1998 - Transverse grand pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis crystalis Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Crystal springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis davisi (Taylor, 1987) - Limpia Creek springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis deaconi Hershler, 1998[7] - Spring Mountains Pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis deserta (Pilsbry, 1916) - desert springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis diablensis Hershler, 1995 - Diablo Range pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis eremica Hershler, 1995 - Smoke Creek pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis erythropoma (Pilsbry, 1899) - Ash Meadows pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis fairbanksensis Hershler & Sada, 1987 - Fairbanks springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis gibba Hershler, 1995 - Surprise Valley pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis gilae (Taylor, 1987) - Gila springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis giuliani Hershler & Pratt, 1990 - southern Sierra Nevada springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis glandulosa Hershler, 1988 - Verde Rim springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis greggi Hershler, 1995 - Kern River pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis hendersoni (Pilsbry, 1933) - Harney Lake springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis idahoensis (Pilsbry, 1933) - Idaho springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis ignota Hershler, Liu & Lang, 2010[3]
- Pyrgulopsis intermedia (Tryon, 1865) - Crooked Creek springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis isolata Hershler & Sada, 1987 - elongate-gland springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis kolobensis (Taylor, 1987) - Toquerville springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis longae Hershler, 1995 - Long Valley pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis longinqua (Gould, 1855)
- Pyrgulopsis merriami (Pilsbry & Beecher, 1892) - Pahranagat pebblesnail
- Pyrgulopsis metcalfi (Taylor, 1987) - Naegele springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Pilsbry, 1893) - Oasis Valley springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis milleri Hershler & Liu, 2010[2]
- Pyrgulopsis montezumensis Hershler, 1988 - Montezuma Well springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis morrisoni Hershler, 1988 - Page springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis nanus Hershler & Sada, 1987 - distal-gland springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis neomexicana (Pilsbry, 1916) - Socorro springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis nevadensis (Stearns, 1883) - corded pyrg - type species
- Pyrgulopsis owensensis Hershler, 1989 - Owens Valley springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis pecosensis (Taylor, 1987) - Pecos springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis perturbata Hershler, 1989 - Fish Slough springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis pilsbryana (J. L. Baily & R. I. Baily, 1952) - Bear Lake springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis pisteri Hershler & Sada, 1987 - median-gland springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis robusta (Walker, 1908) - Jackson Lake springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis roswellensis (Taylor, 1987) - Roswell springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis simplex Hershler, 1988 - Fossil springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis sola Hershler, 1988 - brown springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis stearnsiana (Pilsbry, 1899) - Yaqui springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis taylori Hershler, 1995 - San Luis Obispo pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis texana (Pilsbry, 1935) - Phantom cave snail[3]
- Pyrgulopsis thermalis (Taylor, 1987) - New Mexico hot springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis thompsoni Hershler, 1988 - Huachuca springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis trivialis (Taylor, 1987) - Black River springsnail
- Pyrgulopsis turbatrix Hershler, 1998[8] - Southeast Nevada Pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis ventricosa Hershler, 1995 - Clear Lake pyrg
- Pyrgulopsis wongi Hershler, 1989
Eastern North American species of Pyrgulopsis[9] are considered to be in separate genus Marstonia according to the Thompson and Hershler (2002).[10]
- Pyrgulopsis agarhecta (F. G. Thompson, 1969) - Ocmulgee marstonia - Marstonia agarhecta F.G. Thompson, 1969
- Pyrgulopsis arga (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - ghost marstonia - Marstonia arga - F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis castor (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - beaverpond marstonia - Marstonia castor F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis halcyon (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - halcyon marstonia - Marstonia halcyon F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis hershleri F. G. Thompson, 1995 - Coosa pyrg - Marstonia hershleri (F.G. Thompson, 1995)
- Pyrgulopsis letsoni (Walker, 1901) - gravel pyrg - Marstonia letsoni (Walker, 1901)
- Pyrgulopsis lustrica (Pilsbry, 1890) - boreal marstonia - Marstonia lustrica (Pilsbry, 1890)
- Pyrgulopsis ogmoraphe (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - royal springsnail - Marstonia ogmorhaphe (F.G. Thompson, 1977)
- Pyrgulopsis olivacea (Pilsbry, 1895) - olive marstonia - Marstonia olivacea (Pilsbry, 1895)
- Pyrgulopsis ozarkensis Hinkley, 1915 - Ozark pyrg - Marstonia ozarkensis (Hinkley, 1915)
- Pyrgulopsis pachyta (F. G. Thompson, 1977) - armored marstonia - Marstonia pachyta F.G. Thompson, 1977
- Pyrgulopsis scalariformis (Wolf, 1869) - moss pyrg - Marstonia scalariformis (Wolf, 1869)
References
This article incorporates public domain text from the reference.[1]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Call R. E. & Pilsbry H. A. (1886). "On Pyrgulopsis, a new genus of rissoid mollusk, with description of two new forms". Proceeding Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences V.: 9-14.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Hershler R. Liu H.-P. (25 January 2010). "Two new, possibly threatened species of Pyrgulopsis (Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae) from southwestern California". Zootaxa 2343: 1–17, 8 plates. preview
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Hershler R., Liu H.-P. & Lang B. K. (2010). "Transfer of Cochliopa texana to Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) and description of a third congener from the lower Pecos River basin". Journal of Molluscan Studies 76(3): 245-256. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyq002.
- ↑ Pyrgulopsis, Integrated Taxonomic Information System, accessed 24 July 2009.
- ↑ Hershler R. & Gustafson D. L. (2001). "First record for springsnails (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae: Pyrgulopsis) from the northern Rocky Mountains". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington (2001) 114: 297–308.
- ↑ Herschler R., Liu H.-P., & Gustafson D. L. (10 September 2008). "A second species of Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae) from the Missouri River basin, with molecular evidence supporting faunal origin through Pliocene stream capture across the northern continental divide". Journal Molluscan Studies 74: 403-413; doi:10.1093/mollus/eyn028.
- ↑
- ↑
- ↑ Hershler R. (1994). "A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis (Hydrobiidae)". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 554: 1-115. PDF.
- ↑ Marstonia http://www.natureserve.org accessed 25 July 2009. (See "Concept References" in each Marstonia species.)
Further reading
- Hershler R. (1998). "A systematic review of the hydrobiid snails (Gastropoda: Rissoidea) of the Great Basin, western United States. Part I. Genus Pyrgulopsis". The Veliger 41(1): 1-132.
- Hershler R. & Thompson F. G. (1987). "North American Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissoacea): redescription and the systematic relationships of Tryonia Stimpson, 1865 and Pyrgulopsis Call and Pilsbry, 1886". The Nautilus 101(1): 25-32.
- Thompson F. G. & Hershler R. (2002). "Two genera of North American freshwater snails: Marstonia Baker, 1926, resurrected to generic status, and Floridobia, new genus (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae: Nymphophilinae)". The Veliger 45(3): 269-271.
External links
Data related to Pyrgulopsis at Wikispecies
- Pyrgulopsis at the National Center for Biotechnology Information
- Roden T. D. (last change 25 May 2001). AQUATIC SNAIL (possibly Pyrgulopsis).