Pulmonary-renal syndrome

Pulmonary-renal syndrome is a rare medical syndrome involving bleeding in the lungs and kidney damage^[1] (glomerulonephritis).^[2]

Causes

Causes are usually autoimmune.

It is most commonly due to granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Goodpasture's syndrome.

Other causes include systemic lupus erythematosus and microscopic polyangiitis.^[3]

References

↑ Herman, PG; Balikian JP; Seltzer SE; Ehrie M (June 1978). "The pulmonary-renal syndrome". American Journal of Roentgenology (American Roentgen Ray Society) 130 (6): 1141–1148. doi:10.2214/ajr.130.6.1141. PMID 418654.
↑ Sugimoto T, Deji N, Kume S et al. (2007). "Pulmonary-renal syndrome, diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis, associated with Wegener's granulomatosis effectively treated with early plasma exchange therapy". Intern. Med. 46 (1): 49–53. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.46.6070. PMID 17202734.
↑ "Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome: Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary-Renal Syndrome: Merck Manual Professional". Retrieved 2010-04-09.

Pathology of respiratory system (J, 460–519), respiratory diseases

Upper RT
(including URTIs,
Common cold)

Head	sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess

Neck	pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal folds Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal cord paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Tracheal stenosis

Lower RT/lung disease
(including LRTIs)

Bronchial/
obstructive

acute: Acute bronchitis

chronic

COPD

Chronic bronchitis

Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

Acute exacerbation of COPD

Emphysema)

Asthma (Status asthmaticus

Exercise-induced

unspecified

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Diffuse panbronchiolitis

Interstitial/
restrictive
(fibrosis)

External agents/ occupational lung disease	Pneumoconiosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis

Other	ARDS Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome/Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman-Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis

Obstructive or
restrictive

Pneumonia/
pneumonitis

By pathogen	Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella) Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical/Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration/Lipid

By vector/route	Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired

By distribution	Broncho- Lobar

IIP	UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB

Other

Atelectasis
circulatory
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary embolism
Lung abscess

Pleural cavity/
mediastinum

Pleural disease	Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax/Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax

Mediastinal disease	Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema

Other/general

Index of the respiratory system

Description	Anatomy nose larynx lower thorax Physiology Development

Disease	Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Chest trauma Infection common cold pneumonia tuberculosis Other Symptoms and signs eponymous

Treatment	Procedures mechanical ventilation Drugs nasal throat obstructive airway diseases cough and cold histaminergics pulmonary arterial hypertension other Surgery

Urinary system
Pathology
Urologic disease / Uropathy (N00–N39, 580–599)

Abdominal

Nephropathy/
(nephritis+
nephrosis)

Glomerulopathy/
glomerulitis/
(glomerulonephritis+
glomerulonephrosis)

Primarily
nephrotic

Non-proliferative	Minimal change Focal segmental Membranous

Proliferative	Mesangial proliferative Endocapillary proliferative Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary

By condition	Diabetic Amyloidosis

Primarily
nephritic,
RPG

Type I RPG/Type II hypersensitivity	Goodpasture's syndrome

Type II RPG/Type III hypersensitivity	Post-streptococcal Lupus DPGN IgA/Berger's

Type III RPG/Pauci-immune	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis Microscopic polyangiitis Churg–Strauss syndrome

Tubulopathy/
tubulitis

Proximal	RTA RTA 2 Fanconi syndrome

Thick ascending	Bartter syndrome

Distal convoluted	Gitelman syndrome

Collecting duct	Liddle's syndrome RTA RTA 1 Diabetes insipidus Nephrogenic

Renal papilla	Renal papillary necrosis

Major calyx/pelvis	Hydronephrosis Pyonephrosis Reflux nephropathy

Any/all	Acute tubular necrosis

Interstitium

Interstitial nephritis
- Pyelonephritis
- Danubian endemic familial nephropathy

Any/all

General syndromes	Renal failure Acute renal failure Chronic kidney disease Uremic pericarditis Uremia

Vascular	Renal artery stenosis Renal ischemia Hypertensive nephropathy Renovascular hypertension Renal cortical necrosis

Other	Analgesic nephropathy Renal osteodystrophy Nephroptosis Abderhalden–Kaufmann–Lignac syndrome

Ureter

Pelvic

Bladder	Cystitis Interstitial cystitis Hunner's ulcer Trigonitis Hemorrhagic cystitis Neurogenic bladder dysfunction Bladder sphincter dyssynergia Vesicointestinal fistula Vesicoureteral reflux

Urethra	Urethritis Non-gonococcal urethritis Urethral syndrome Urethral stricture/Meatal stenosis Urethral caruncle

Any/all

Index of the urinary system

Description	Anatomy Physiology Development Cells

Disease	Electrolyte and acid-base Congenital Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs eponymous Urine tests findings Blood tests

Treatment	Procedures Drugs potassium and phosphate Intravenous fluids

Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6)

Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE)

Foreign	Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy

Autoimmune	Eosinophilic esophagitis

Type II/ADCC

- IgM
- IgG

Foreign

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Autoimmune

Cytotoxic	Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture's syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome

"Type V"/receptor	Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia

Type III
(Immune complex)

Foreign	Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction

Autoimmune	Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis

Type IV/cell-mediated
(T cells)

Foreign	Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test

Autoimmune	Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis

GVHD	Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease

Unknown/
multiple

Foreign	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV)

Autoimmune	Sjögren's syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease

Index of the immune system

Description	Physiology cells autoantigens autoantibodies complement surface antigens IG receptors

Disease	Allergies Immunodeficiency Immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders Hypersensitivity and autoimmune disorders Neoplasms and cancer

Treatment	Procedures Drugs antihistamines immunostimulants immunosuppressants monoclonal antibodies