Pterostylis

Greenhood
Pterostylis coccina
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Orchidaceae
Subfamily:	Orchidoideae
Tribe:	Diurideae
Subtribe:	Pterostylidinae
Genus:	Pterostylis R.Br., 1810
Type species
Pterostylis curta R.Br., 1810
Synonyms[1]
Diplodium Sw. Oligochaetochilus Szlach. Plumatichilos Szlach. Bunochilus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Crangonorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Eremorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Hymenochilus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Linguella D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Petrorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Pharochilum D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Ranorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Speculantha D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Stamnorchis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Taurantha D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. Urochilus D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

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Pterostylis coccina, sepals and petals removed
(1) - Lip
(2) - Hinge
(3) - stigma
(4) - pollinia

Pterostylis pyramidalis - Snail Orchid

Pterostylis is a terrestrial deciduous genus of some 200 or so species of orchids found in central and eastern Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia.^[1] The common name of this orchid is Greenhood - a number of species have green flowers with the dorsal sepal forming a "hood" over the rest of the flower. The name Pterostylis is based on the Greek words meaning winged column (pteron - a wing, stylis - a column). In a number of species, the flower has a hinged lip that swings backwards when touched by an insect, forming a tube with the column and wings. The trapped insect is then forced to crawl out of the tube, removing the pollinia in the process.

Species

• Pterostylis abrupta D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis aciculiformis (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis acuminata R.Br.
• Pterostylis aenigma D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis aestiva D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis agathicola D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis agrestis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis alata (Labill.) Rchb.f.
• Pterostylis allantoidea R.S.Rogers
• Pterostylis alobula (Hatch) L.B.Moore
• Pterostylis alpina R.S.Rogers
• Pterostylis alveata Garnet
• Pterostylis anaclasta (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis anatona D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis aneba D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis angusta A.S.George
• Pterostylis aphylla Lindl.
• Pterostylis aquilonia D.L.Jones & B.Gray
• Pterostylis arenicola M.A.Clem. & J.Stewart
• Pterostylis areolata Petrie
• Pterostylis arfakensis (J.J.Sm.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis aspera D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis atrans D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis atriola D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis auriculata Colenso
• Pterostylis australis Hook.f.
• Pterostylis banksii R.Br. ex A.Cunn.
  • var. banksii
  • var. silvicultrix
• Pterostylis baptistii Fitzg.
• Pterostylis barbata Lindl.,
• Pterostylis barringtonensis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis basaltica D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis bicolor M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis bicornis D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis biseta Blackmore & Clemesha
• Pterostylis boormanii Rupp
• Pterostylis brumalis L.B.Moore
• Pterostylis bryophila D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis bureaviana Schltr.
• Pterostylis calceolus M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis cardiostigma D.Cooper
• Pterostylis caulescens L.O.Williams
• Pterostylis cernua D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis chaetophora M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis cheraphila D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis chlorogramma D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis chocolatina (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis ciliata M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis clavigera Fitzg.
• Pterostylis clivicola (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis cobarensis M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis coccina Fitzg.
• Pterostylis collina (Rupp) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis commutata D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis concava D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis concinna R.Br.
• Pterostylis conferta (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis crassa (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis crassicaulis (D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis crassichila D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis cucullata R.Br.
• Pterostylis curta R.Br.
• Pterostylis cycnocephala Fitzg.
• Pterostylis daintreana F.Muell. ex Benth.
• Pterostylis decurva R.S.Rogers
• Pterostylis depauperata F.M.Bailey
• Pterostylis despectans (Nicholls) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis dilatata A.S.George
• Pterostylis diminuta (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis dolichochila D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis dubia R.Br.
• Pterostylis elegans D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis erecta T.E.Hunt
• Pterostylis erythroconcha M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis exalla (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis excelsa M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis extranea (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis ferruginea (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis fischii Nicholls
• Pterostylis flavovirens (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates
• Pterostylis foliata Hook.f.
• Pterostylis frenchii (D.L.Jones) A.P.Br.
• Pterostylis furcata Lindl.
• Pterostylis gibbosa R.Br.
• Pterostylis glyphida (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis graminea Hook.f.
• Pterostylis grandiflora R.Br.
• Pterostylis hamata Blackmore & Clemesha
• Pterostylis hamiltonii Nicholls
• Pterostylis hians D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis hildae Nicholls
• Pterostylis hispidula Fitzg.
• Pterostylis humilis R.S.Rogers
• Pterostylis incognita (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis insectifera M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis irsoniana Hatch
• Pterostylis irwinii D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis jonesii G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis laxa Blackmore
• Pterostylis lepida (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis leptochila M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis lineata (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis lingua M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis littoralis (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates
• Pterostylis loganii (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis longicurva Rupp
• Pterostylis longifolia R.Br.
• Pterostylis longipetala Rupp
• Pterostylis lustra D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis macilenta (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis macrocalymma M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis macrosepala (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis major (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis maxima M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis melagramma D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis metcalfei D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis micromega Hook.f.
• Pterostylis mirabilis (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates
• Pterostylis mitchellii Lindl. in T.L.Mitchell
• Pterostylis montana Hatch
  • var. montana
  • var. rubricaulis
• Pterostylis monticola D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis multiflora (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis mutica R.Br.
• Pterostylis mystacina (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis nana R.Br.
• Pterostylis nigricans D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis nutans R.Br.
• Pterostylis oblonga D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis obtusa R.Br.
• Pterostylis oliveri Petrie
• Pterostylis ophioglossa R.Br.
• Pterostylis ovata M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis paludosa D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis papuana Rolfe
• Pterostylis parca (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis parviflora R.Br.
• Pterostylis patens Colenso
• Pterostylis pearsonii (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis pedina (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis pedoglossa Fitzg.
• Pterostylis pedunculata R.Br.
• Pterostylis petrosa D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis picta M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis planulata D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis plumosa Cady
• Pterostylis porrecta D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis praetermissa M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis prasina (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis pratensis D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis procera D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis psammophilus (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates
• Pterostylis puberula Hook.f.
• Pterostylis pulchella Messmer
• Pterostylis pusilla R.S.Rogers
• Pterostylis pyramidalis Lindl.
• Pterostylis recurva Benth.
• Pterostylis reflexa R.Br.
• Pterostylis revoluta R.Br.
• Pterostylis riparia D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis robusta R.S.Rogers
• Pterostylis roensis M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis rogersii E.Coleman
• Pterostylis rubenachii D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis rubescens (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis rufa R.Br.
• Pterostylis russellii T.E.Hunt
• Pterostylis sanguinea D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis sargentii C.R.P.Andrews
• Pterostylis saxicola D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis scabra Lindl.
• Pterostylis scabrida Lindl.
• Pterostylis scoliosa D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis setifera M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis silvicultrix (F.Muell.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis sinuata (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis smaragdyna D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis spathulata M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis spissa (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis splendens D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis squamata R.Br.
• Pterostylis stenochila D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis stenosepala (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis stricta Clemesha & B.Gray
• Pterostylis subtilis D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis tanypoda D.L.Jones, Molloy & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis tasmanica D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis taurus M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis tenuicauda Kraenzl.
• Pterostylis tenuis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis tenuissima Nicholls
• Pterostylis thulia (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis timorensis Schuit. & J.J.Verm.
• Pterostylis timothyi (D.L.Jones) Janes & Duretto
• Pterostylis torquata D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis tristis Colenso
• Pterostylis trullifolia Hook.f.
  • var. gracillis
  • var. trullifolia
• Pterostylis truncata Fitzg.
• Pterostylis tunstallii D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis turfosa Endl. in J.G.C.Lehmann
• Pterostylis uliginosa D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis umbrina (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis venosa Colenso
• Pterostylis ventricosa (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis vernalis (D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh.
• Pterostylis viriosa (D.L.Jones) R.J.Bates
• Pterostylis vitrea (D.L.Jones) Bostock
• Pterostylis vittata Lindl.
• Pterostylis wapstrarum D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis williamsonii D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis woollsii Fitzg.
• Pterostylis xerophila M.A.Clem.
• Pterostylis ziegeleri D.L.Jones

Nothospecies

• Pterostylis × conoglossa Upton
• Pterostylis × furcillata Rupp
• Pterostylis × ingens (Rupp) D.L.Jones
• Pterostylis × toveyana Ewart & Sharman

• 

  Pterostylis curta

• 

  Pterostylis grandiflora

• 

  Pterostylis melagramma

• 

  Pterostylis stenochila
  setting seeds

• 

  Pterostylis spec.

• 

  Pterostylis recurva
  Jug Orchid

• 

  Pterostylis sanguinea
  Dark banded greenhood

• 

  Pterostylis vittata
  Banded greenhood

References

• Flora of New Zealand, Volume II
• Pterstylis on Florabase for the 68 species found in Western Australia