Propachlor
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2-Chloro-N-isopropyl-N-phenylacetamide | |
| Other names
2-Chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide | |
| Identifiers | |
| 1918-16-7 | |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL1394829 |
| ChemSpider | 4762 |
| |
| Jmol-3D images | Image |
| PubChem | 4931 |
| |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula |
C11H14ClNO |
| Molar mass | 211.69 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | light tan solid |
| Density | 1.139 g/mL |
| Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide)[1] is an herbicide first marketed by Monsanto. It was registered for use in the United States during 1965.[2]
The preparation acts on annual grasses and on some broadleaf plants.[1]
Between 1987 and 1996, about 2.1 million pounds of its active ingredient were used in the United States.[3] 75% was applied to sorghum crops and 24% to maize.[3]
Monsanto voluntarily discontinued its manufacture in 1998.[4] It is currently listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory.[5] In 2008, the European Commission issued a decision withdrawing its approval for use as of March 18, 2009, citing the presence of its metabolites in groundwater.[6] Propachlor was added to California's Proposition 65 list as a carcinogen in 2001.[7]
Current manufacturers
It is currently being produced by Makhteshim Agan Group and Shenzhen Qinfeng Pesticides Co., Ltd.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Warholic, DT; Gutenmann, WH; Lisk, DJ (1983). "Propachlor herbicide residue studies in cabbage using modified analytical procedure". Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 31 (5): 585–7. PMID 6640157.
- ↑ "Propachlor (Ramrod, Bexton) Herbicide Profile 2/85". Cornell University. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) - Propachlor" (PDF). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ↑ "Illinois Pesticide Review". University of Illinois Extension Service. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ↑ "Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Chemicals in TOXMAP". Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ↑ "COMMISSION DECISION of 18 September 2008 concerning the non-inclusion of propachlor in Annex I to Council Directive 91/414/EEC and the withdrawal of authorisations for plant protection products containing that substance". European Commission. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ↑ "CHEMICALS KNOWN TO THE STATE TO CAUSE CANCER OR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY AUGUST 7, 2009" (PDF). State of California Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 2009-09-09.
- ↑ Farm Chemicals International. "Propachlor". Retrieved 2012-06-27.
External Links
- Propachlor in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)