Press Council (UK)

The Press Council was a British voluntary press organisation founded under threat of statutory regulation as the General Council in 1953, with a non-binding regulatory framework. Through most of its history the Council was funded by newspaper proprietors, with the stated aim of maintaining high standards of ethics in journalism. The General Council was reformed as the Press Council in 1962, with 20 per cent lay members. In 1980 the National Union of Journalists withdrew from membership. In 1991, the Press Council was replaced by the Press Complaints Commission.

Origins: 1947–1962

The first Royal Commission on the Press recommended in 1949 that a General Council of the Press should be formed to govern the behaviour of the print media. In response to a threat of statutory regulation, the General Council of the Press was formed in 1953, membership restricted to newspaper editors, funded by newspaper proprietors. By the time of the Second Royal Commission on the Press in 1962, the General Council had been subject to considerable criticism. The Commission's report demanded improvement, particularly the inclusion of members who were not employed by print media.

Second era: 1962–1980

In 1962, the Press Council was formed. Twenty percent of the membership were required to be lay members, not employed by a newspaper. The Press Council published a series of guidance booklets.

However, the Press Council was criticised extensively in the Younger report on Privacy in 1973[1][2] and in the report of the Third Royal Commission on the Press, in 1977. The third Commission urged the development of a written Code of Practice. The Press Council rejected this proposal, and in 1980, the NUJ withdrew from membership on the grounds that the Council was incapable of reform.[3]

Third era: 1980–1991

The Press Council had lost the confidence of many in the media,[4] and the 1980s saw what people labelled as some of the worst excesses of unethical journalism and intrusions into privacy by the tabloid press. In response to two Private Members' Bills promoting privacy laws, the government set up a committee chaired by David Calcutt QC to investigate in 1989. At the same time, under the chairmanship of Louis Blom-Cooper, the Press Council transferred its funding to the Press Standards Board of Finance and began work on the development of a written Code of Practice.

The 1990 Calcutt report[5] recommended the setting up of a new Press Complaints Commission to replace the Press Council. The new Commission would be given 18 months to prove non-statutory self-regulation could work effectively and if it failed to do so, then a statutory system would be introduced.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Younger Committee Report on Privacy". UK Parliament Committee Reports (Modern Law Review). JSTOR 1093890.
  2. ↑ "PRIVACY (YOUNGER REPORT) HC Deb 13 July 1973 vol 859 cc1955-2058". Hansard. HMSO. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  3. ↑ "Self-Regulation of the Press". Politics Issue Brief. Politics.co.uk. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  4. ↑ Greenslade, Roy (28 September 2007). "How many mistakes can a press council make?". Guardian (London: Guardian). Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  5. ↑ "Calcutt Report". Hansard. HMSO. Retrieved 23 July 2011.