Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association
Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association
Name | Year | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|
Jeffrey Lieberman | 2013–2014 | Chair of Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, principal investigator for the NIMH CATIE study [1] | |
Carolyn Robinowitz | 2009-2010 | ||
Pedro Ruiz | 2006-2007 | ||
Mary Jane England | 2005-2006 | ||
Marcia Kraft Goin | 2003-2004 | ||
Paul S. Appelbaum | 2002-2003 | ||
Allan Tasman | 1999-2000 | ||
Rodrigo A. Munoz | 1998-1999 | ||
Harold Eist | 1996–1997 | ||
Steven Sharfstein | 1995-1996 | ||
Jerry M. Wiener | 1994-1995 | ||
John McIntyre | 1993–1994 | ||
Joseph T. English | 1992-1993 | ||
Lawrence Hartmann | 1991-1992 | ||
Elissa P. Benedek | 1990-1991 | ||
Herbert Pardes | 1989-1990 | ||
Paul Fink | 1988-1989 | ||
George H. Pollock | 1987-1988 | ||
Robert O. Pasnau | 1986–1987 | ||
Carol Nadelson | 1985-1986 | First female president of the American Psychiatric Association.[2] First female editor-in-chief of the American Psychiatric Association Press (1986).[3] | |
John A. Talbott | 1984-1985 | 113th president[4] | |
George Tarjan | 1983-1984 | ||
H. Kieth H. Brodie | 1982-1983 | ||
Daniel X. Freedman | 1981-1982 | ||
Donald G. Langsley | 1980-1981 | ||
Alan A. Stone | 1979-1980 | ||
Jules H. Masserman | 1978-1979 | ||
Jack Weinberg | 1977-1978 | ||
Robert W. Gibson (psychiatrist) | 1976-1977 | ||
Judd Marmor | 1975-1976 | ||
John Patrick Spiegel | 1974-1975 | 103rd president[5] | |
Alfred M. Freedman | 1973-1974 | Led the effort to de-classify homosexuality as a mental illness.[6] | |
Perry Clement Talkingten | 1972–1973 | ||
Ewald W. Busse | 1971–1972 | ||
Robert S. Garber | 1970–1971 | In 1963 Nobel Laureate Dr. John Nash spent approximately 5 months months locked up at the Carrier Private clinic in New Jersey, the director at the Carrier clinic was Robert S. Garber who formerly worked at Trenton State where John Nash spent 6 months in the insulin unit. At Carrier iatrogenic diagnosed schizophrenic patients received 3 times as much or 25 versus 8 shock procedures as patients diagnosed with depression. It was a universal belief at Princeton where Nash worked that Nash received electroshock procedures at Carrier as well but accurate records at that time were not kept. Carrier had the reputation of using chemical straight jackets and electroshock. Nash endured unnecessary excruciating electroshock pain what he described as torture which he resented for many years afterward. None of Nash's immediate family recalls giving permission for the Insulin Coma Shock procedures . Good first hand accounts of the Insulin Coma shock procedures are difficult to find, in part because the treatment destroys large blocks of recent memory. Nash later blamed the treatment for large gaps in his memory. Nash recalled with great bitterness, the fact that he was assigned a serial number at Trenton, as if he were an inmate at a prison to accompany a room with thirty or forty others.[7]This happened during the same time of the CIA's work by Ewen Cameron on MKULTRA Sub project 68 was achieving almost identical procedures with the same cover story of trying to cure non existent Schizophrenia on unwilling patients.[8]In Nashes case it is was an earnest attempt and delete the top secret segments of his memory as he lost his Top Secret clearances years before while working for The RAND Corporation and Nash had expressed interest in moving abroad while having learned sensitive information. | |
Robert Waggoner | 1969–1970 | ||
Lawrence C. Kolb | 1968-1969 | ||
Henry W. Brosin | 1967–1968 | ||
Harvey J. Tompkins | 1966–1967 | ||
Howard P. Rome | 1965–1966 | ||
Jack R. Ewalt | 1963–1964 | ||
C. H. Hardin Branch | 1962–1963 | ||
Walter E. Barton | 1961–1962 | ||
Robert H. Felix | 1960-1961 | ||
William Malamud | 1959–1960 | Medical Research Director of the Scottish Rite Foundation a (CIA cutout). | [9] |
Francis J. Gerty | 1958–1959 | ||
Harry C. Solomon | 1957–1958 | In 1955, Dr. Solomon collaborated with Dr. Robert W. Hyde at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital where Dr. Solomon was the Superintendent. This was the site of MKULTRA Subprojects 3, 63, 66 on experiments that Dr. Hyde received $148,515.00 from the CIA in 1955 for LSD mind control experiments. Dr. Solomon coauthored with Dr. Hyde, Dr. Hudson Hoagland (MKULTRA subproject 10), and LSD researcher Dr. Max Rinkel(Who procured the LSD for the CIA) to publish a paper in the American Journal of Psychiatry in 1955 using the standard Schizophrenia cover story to relate their LSD work as an effort to duplicate schizophrenia.[10] | [11] |
Francis J. Braceland | 1956–1957 | ||
R. Finley Gayle Jr. | 1955–1956 | ||
Aurther P. Noyes | 1954–1955 | ||
Kenneth E. Appel | 1953–1954 | ||
Donald Ewen Cameron | 1952–1953 | Director of MKULTRA Sub project 68 sponsored by The Human Ecology Foundation (CIA cutout) carried out "terminal experiments in sensory deprivation" at a hospital located ar Mcgill university in Canada on unwitting or unwilling subjects under the cover of treating schizophrenia. The goal was to impose amnesia on the subject creating a drug induced coma for up to 86 days then forced electroshock torture three times a day for thirty days followed by playing loops of recorded personally disturbing messages like "my mother hates me" up to a quarter of a million times for 21 days.[12] Dr. Wilmot C. Ball Jr at one of the Mcgill University Hospitals carried out secret radiation procedures[13][14]Radioactive Xenon Gas; (a dangerous Lung Cancer Causing Poison That Decays Into Cesium) on victims during Cameron's tenure at a Mcgill University hospital.Ball worked at Jons Hopkins Hospital as the first director of the newly established division of respiratory diseases. He was a member of the medical school faculty at Jons Hopkins, where he was a professor of biomedical engineering and environmental health sciences. He died of complications from dementia.[15] | |
Leo H. Bartemeier | 1951–1952 | During his tenure as one of the directors at Michigan's Harper Hospital during the planning phase of implementing unethical studies by the AEC (Atomic Energy Commission) in 1953 sponsored a study to discover if radioactive iodine affected premature babies differently from full-term babies. In the experiment, researchers from Harper Hospital in Detroit orally administered iodine-131 to 65 premature and full-term infants who weighed from 2.1 to 5.5 pounds (0.95 to 2.5 kg).[16] | |
John C. Whitehorn | 1950–1951 | Psychiatrist in Chief from 1941-1960 at Johns Hopkins University and the Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry, Director of the Human Ecology Foundation (CIA cutout) also received funding from another (CIA cutout) the Scottish Rite Research Committee Foundation and the Veterans Administration. | |
George S. Stevenson | 1949-1950 | ||
William Claire Menninger | 1948-1949 | [17] | |
Winfred Overholser Sr. | 1947-1948 | [[superintendent St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Chairman of the Scottish Rite Research Committee (CIA cutout) also received money from the CIA predecessor US intelligence adjacency the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) head of the "truth drug" committee that experimented with mescaline as a truth drug in 1943.<ref>The C.I.A. Doctors: Human Rights Violations by American Psychiatrists By Colin A. Ross</ref>]][18] | |
Samuel W. Hamilton | 1946–1947 | ||
Karl M. Bowman | 1944–1946 | Was the chief medical officer at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital the first CIA LSD research center; an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School (1921–1936) Conducted research on schizophrenia and the use of insulin shock procedures that was adopted and implemented by the CIA's MKULTRA Sub project 68 focusing on destroying large blocks of memory of patients under the cover story of attempting to cure schizophrenia (See Dr. Robert S. Garber APA president 1970–1971 the insulin shock torture of Nobel Laureate Dr. John Nash). Dr. Bowman was
the first chairman and director of the Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute at the University of California San Francisco Hospital from (1941–1956) where he worked with former OSS/CIA employee Dr. Gregory Bateson who received funding from the CIA cutout the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation. Dr. Bowman was also a professor at the University of California, Berkeley and the head of the Laguna Honda Psychiatric Hospital in San Francisco (1941–1967)[19] Bowman along with Dr. Earl Miller from 1948-1949 under the auspices of testing thyroid function of schizophrenics. [20]There were sixty five subjects, the majority of the participants were marginalized subjects mislabeled with the standard schizophrenic cover story. The subjects were injected with 150 microcuries of radioactive iodine-131 with the stated goal to test if there was a change in thyroid function by the tests in patients during or after insulin shock. The study reports marked drop in their radioactive iodine uptake curve as they improved during electroshock therapy, According to Dr. Miller nothing was accomplished. [21] the work according to Miller was classified, the records were inconclusive that the subjects had consented.[22] Most of the nations radiation program tests were managed by Dr. Harold Hodge who was responsible for the CIA's Mkultra sub projects 17 and 46. Bowman Electronarcosis (induced unconsciousness by passing a weak electric current through the brain) administered to a group of 53 patients, 37 of which were schizophrenics, there was no value in the treatment of psychoneurotics and reckoned that it was equal to electroshock in the treatment of schizophrenia, fractures of the spine occurred in 15 of the 53 patients tortured. It was determined that electronarcosis was more damaging than insulin shock procedures.[23] Dr. Joseph Hamilton was a U.C. Berkeley physician who participated in a secret program of radiation experiments performed on unwitting subjects at the University of California San Francisco Hospital during the time that Bowman was directly affiliated with the hospital. They injected plutonium into three victims; one of the victims was Elmer Allen who injured his left knee in an accident. On July 14, 1947 Elmer Allen had been misdiagnosed suffering from cancer. Allen was injected with Plutonium in the left calf on July 18, 1947. The leg was amputated three days later, a consent form in the government file signed by Allen, did not detail what he was told, and his family described he did not understood what had happened. Elmer Allen began to tell people that he had been used as a guinea pig for plutonium injection study. Dr. David Williams diagnosed Allen as paranoid schizophrenic and made believe he was treating him for non existent schizophrenia. The radiation study continued until his death at the age of 80 in 1991. It was not until after his death that the truth came out that Allen was not mentally ill but really honestly telling the truth, it was shameful that no one in his family ever believed him while he was alive, they all felt betrayed by what they thought were medical professionals. This phenomena happens to all victims who are purposely iotrogenicly diagnosed with mental illness in a remotely managed deception campaign using classified technology designed to adversely manage the family interactions with the tortured victims to ensure the testing results remains out of the public domain. Dr. Hamilton became a researcher for the U.S. Army From 1949-1952l he was an adviser on weapons tests that scattered radiation to the U.S. Army’s Dugway Proving Ground in Utah he died in 1957 at age 49 of leukemia brought on by exposure to radiation. His death was listed as an industrial accident. After his death Dr. Austin Brues, the scientist at the Center for Human Radiobiology at Argone, learned that Elmer was in the hospital and sent a memo stating, should Elmer Allen show terminal signs at any time, we would appreciate a collect call to us at Argonne. When Elmer Allen died he was cremated and his remains were confiscated and studied.[24] A similar method was used with almost 1000 victims of Jonestown who were cremated and allegedly all buried in a mass grave in Oakland California. A large portion of the members of the Jonestown cult were former patients that Jones recruited from closed California state mental institutes, many from the Mendocino hospital. The California Memorial Project disclosed the facts that from the mid 1880s to the 1960s, more than 45,000 people passed away while living in a state medical institutions. Their remains are for the most part in unmarked mass grave sites, this was a common practice in many states at psychiatric hospitals. In 2001 and 2006, then Senator Wesley Chesbro introduced legislation (SB 1448; SB 258) to establish the California Memorial Project (CMP) and expand its purpose. The combined intent of the two pieces of legislation was to: Identify the location of all grave sites at existing state hospitals and developmental centers; Identify the names of the patients whose remains were donated for medical research, and the entity which the remains were donated [25] 500,000 to 2 million victims were experimented without their knowledge [26] [27] SA, and Energy Department files. The Committee had its origins when public controversy developed surrounding human radiation experiments that were conducted half a century ago. [28] Reporter Eileen Welsome put a human face to what had previously been anonymous data published in official reports and technical journals. "As World War II was ending," she wrote, "Doctors in the United States injected a number of hospitalized patients with plutonium, most of the victims procedures were executed without their knowledge or consent. The injections were part of a group of experiments to determine how plutonium courses through the human body. The experiments, and the very existence of plutonium, were shrouded in secrecy."[29] | |
Dr. Edward Strecker | 1943–1944 | graduated from Jefferson university in 1911 Professor of Mental and Nervous Diseases (1925-1931) Dr. Strecker was among the prominent psychiatrists in Philadelphia who were active in the training of physicians in that specialty, both in the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania was preceded by Dr. Michael A. Burns. Dr. Strecker continued his activities as teacher, writer, lecturer, and man of national prominence at the University one of the four men (with Drs. Earl Bond (APA 1929-1930) , Lauren H. Smith, and Kenneth E. Appel(APA 1953–1954) who trained and placed 29 professors of psychiatry around the country during the tenure of their work there. Dr. Robert S. Garber (APA 1970–1971 former military officer, who returned to active teaching at Jefferson. He was also the Clinical Director and later President of the Carrier Clinic in Belle Mead, New Jersey, Both Drs. Garber and Dr. John E. Davis had been on the staff of the Trenton State Hospital before the war[30] | |
Aurther H. Ruggles | 1942-1943 | ||
James King Hall | 1941-1942 | ||
H. Douglas Singer | 1941-1942 | Died before taking office, | |
George H. Stevenson | 1940-1941 | ||
William C. Sandy | 1939-1940 | ||
Richard H. Hutchings | 1938-1939 | ||
Ross McC. Chapman | 1937-1938 | ||
C. Macfie Campbell | 1936-1937 | ||
Clarence O. Cheney | 1935-1936 | ||
C. Fred Williams | 1934-1935 | ||
George H. Kirby | 1933-1934 | ||
James V. May | 1932-1933| | ||
William L. Russell | 1931-1932 | ||
Walter M English | 1930-1931 | ||
Earl D. Bond | 1929-1930 | ||
Samuel T. Orton | 1928-1929 | ||
Adolf Meyer | 1927-1928 | ||
George M Kline | 1926-1927 | ||
C. Floyd Haviland | 1925-1926 | ||
William A White | 1924-1925 | ||
Thomas W. Salman | 1923-1924 | ||
Henry W. Mitchell | 1922-1923 | ||
Albert M. Barett | 1921-1922 | ||
Owen Copp | 1920-1921 | ||
Henry C Eman | 1919-1920 | ||
Elmer E Southard | 1918-1919 | ||
James V. Anglin | 1917-1918 | ||
Charles G. Wagner | 1916-1917 | ||
Edward N. Brush | 1915-1916 | ||
Samuel E. Smith (psychiatrist) | 1914-1915 | ||
Carlos Frederick MacDonald | 1913-1914 | [31] | |
James C. Searcy | 1912-1913 | ||
Hubert Work | 1911-1912 | ||
Charles W. Pilgrim | 1910-1911 | ||
William F. Drewry | 1909-1910 | ||
J.B. Andrews | 1892-1893 | ||
Daniel Clark | 1891-1892 | ||
H.P. Stearns | 1890-1891 | Organization name changed to American Medico-Psychological Association | |
W.W. Godding | 1889-1890 | ||
John Chapin | 1888-1889 | ||
Eugene Grissom | 1887-1888 | ||
H.A. Buttolph | 1886-1887 | ||
Orpheus Everts | 1885-1886 | ||
Pliny Earle | 1884-1885 | ||
John P. Gray | 1883-1884 | ||
J.H. Callender | 1882-1883 | ||
Clement Walker | 1879-1882 | ||
Charles Nichols | 1873-1879 | ||
John Butler | 1870-1873 | ||
Thomas Story Kirkbride | 1862-1870 | ||
Andrew McFarland | 1859-1862 | ||
Isaac Ray | 1855-1859 | ||
Luther Bell | 1851-1855 | ||
William Awl | 1848-1851 | ||
Samuel B. Woodward | 1844-1848 | First president, founded as the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane | |
References
- ↑ "Jeffrey Lieberman, M.D.". Columbia University Department of Psychiatry. 2005 to 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2013. Check date values in:
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(help) - ↑ Nadelson, T (1986). "Carol C. Nadelson, M.D., one hundred fourteenth president, 1985- 1986, American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry 143 (8): 959–61. PMID 3524277.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_233.html[]
- ↑ Sabshin, M (1985). "John A. Talbott, M.D. One hundred thirteenth President, 1984-1985". The American Journal of Psychiatry 142 (9): 1014–6. PMID 3895986.
- ↑ Weinberg, J (1975). "John P. Spiegel, M.D. One hundred and third president, 1974-1975". The American Journal of Psychiatry 132 (7): 700–2. PMID 1094840.
- ↑ Grims, William (April 20, 2011). "Alfred Freedman, a Leader in Psychiatry, Dies at 94". The New York Times.
- ↑ A Beautiful Mind By Sylvia Nasar, July 12, 2011 pages 292-294,305-310,442
- ↑ A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror By Alfred McCoy pages 43-45
- ↑ Recent advances in neuro-physiological research. Scientific papers and discussions of a regional research conference held November 8-9, 1957, Montreal, Canada, under the joint auspices of the Dept. of Psychiatry of McGill University and the American Psychiatric Association's Committee on Research, 1957-58.Edited by Donald Ewen Cameron and Milton Greenblatt. 1959 Editorial Board Louis Joyslen West, Eugene L Bliss, Leon J Epstein, David A Hamburg, Peter Knapp
- ↑ The C.I.A. Doctors: Human Rights Violations by American Psychiatrists By Dr.Colin A. Ross
- ↑ American Journal of Psychiatry volume 111, pages 881-895, entitled, "Experimental Psychiatry II. Clinical and Physio-chemical observations in experimental psychosis,by Max Rinkel; Robert W. Hyde; Harry C. Solomon; Hudson Hoagland.
- ↑ A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror By Alfred McCoy pages 43-45
- ↑ BALW--1961-RE Ball, W.C., McGill University. Dates: 1961 Title Regional Pulmonary Function Studied with Xenon (Citation: Journal of Clinical Investigations 41: no. 3, 1962)
- ↑ ww2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/research/pubs/titles.txt Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Bibliography of Secondary Resources As of June 16, 1995
- ↑ http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2013-10-18/news/bs-md-ob-wilmot-ball-20131018_1_lung-cancer-national-cancer-institute-lung-disease
- ↑ In the Name of Science: A History of Secret Programs, Medical Research, and Human Experimentation page # 133 Nov 15, 2003 by Andrew Goliszek
- ↑ A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry By Edward Shorter A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry page 176
- ↑ New York Times: res=F60D17F93C5812738DDDA10994DD405B8888F1D3 Lucy Freeman, "Psychiatry Held Misrepresented," May 18, 1948, accessed February 16, 2012
- ↑ Roizen, Ron. "Origins of the Research Council on Problems of Alcohol".The American Discovery of Alcoholism 1933-1939. Retrieved 2011-07-13
- ↑ Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments Sponsor Index To Experiments Of Research Interest Final Listing, As Of June 9,1995 http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/radiation/dir/mstreet/research/exper/spolist.txt (retrieved 2/14/15)
- ↑ Bowman, K.M., E.R. Miller, M.E. Dailey, A. Simon, B. Frankel, and G.W. Lowe. "Thyroid Function in Mental Disease Measured with Radioactive Iodine, I131." The American Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 106, No. 7, February 1950. "
- ↑ Interview with Dr. Earl R. Miller M.D. Setting: August 9 and 17. 1994; San Rafael, CA Interviewers: Anna Berge (Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Archives and Records Office) and Dr. Gregg Herken (Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments) Radioactive Iodine Uptake in Schizophrenia Patients
- ↑ American Journal of Psychiatry Volume 105 Issue 1, July 1948, pp. 15-27 Studies In Electronarcosis Therapy Karl M. Bowman; Alexander Simon
- ↑ The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War – October 10, 2000 by Eileen Welsome
- ↑ http://www.dsh.ca.gov/Hospitals/CMP_FactSheet.asp
- ↑ A Congressional subcommittee hearing in Washington, DC on September 28, 1994 revealed that 500,000 and possibly more Americans were endangered by secret defense related tests between 1940 and 1974, including covert experiments with radioactive materials, mustard gas, LSD, and biological agents. For example, between 1949 and 1969, the Army released radioactive compounds in 239 cities to study the effects.
- ↑ according to General Accounting Office testimony the hearings.Other secret tests were conducted on prisoners, terminally ill patients, military personnel, hospital patients,even children. At the time of the hearings, GAO officials stressed that the number of victims might increase, as new information was uncovered from Pentagon, CIA and the NSA.
- ↑ In November 1993, the Albuquerque Tribune published a series of articles that, for the first time, publicly revealed less than 1% of the names of Americans who had been injected with plutonium, the man-made material that was a key ingredient of the atom bomb.
- ↑ The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War by Eileen Welsome October 10, 2000
- ↑ Thomas Jefferson University tradition and heritage,edited by Frederick B. Wagner, Jr., MD, 1989 Jefferson History January 1989 Part III: Clinical Departments and Divisions --- Chapter 29: Department of Psychiatry (pages 477-496) jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=wagner2
- ↑ "Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, Alienist, is Dead. Appeared as an Expert in the Thaw, Czolgosz and Noel Homicide Cases. Was Active at Age of 80. Death Comes at His Central Valley Home. Formerly Had a Sanitarium". New York Times. June 2, 1926. Retrieved 2015-04-22.