Portrait of Jennie

This article is about the 1948 film. For the Robert Nathan work on which the film was based, see Portrait of Jennie (novella). For the 1970 Dizzy Gillespie album, see Portrait of Jenny.

Portrait of Jennie
Movie poster
Directed by	William Dieterle
Produced by	David O. Selznick David Hempstead
Screenplay by	Paul Osborn Peter Berneis Leonardo Bercovici (adaptation)
Based on	Portrait of Jennie 1940 novel by Robert Nathan^[1]
Starring	Jennifer Jones Joseph Cotten Ethel Barrymore
Narrated by	Joseph Cotten
Music by	Claude Debussy Dimitri Tiomkin
Cinematography	Joseph H. August
Edited by	William Morgan
Production company	Vanguard Films The Selznick Studio
Distributed by	Selznick Releasing Organization
Release dates	December 25, 1948 (1948-12-25)
Running time	86 min.
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$4,041,000^[2]
Box office	$1,510,000 (rentals)^[2]

Portrait of Jennie is a 1948 fantasy film based on the novella by Robert Nathan. The film was directed by William Dieterle and produced by David O. Selznick. It stars Jennifer Jones and Joseph Cotten.

Plot

In 1934, impoverished painter Eben Adams (Joseph Cotten) meets a fey little girl named Jennie Appleton (Jennifer Jones) in Central Park, New York. She is wearing old-fashioned clothing. He makes a sketch of her from memory which involves him with art dealer Miss Spinney (Ethel Barrymore), who sees potential in him. This inspires him to paint a portrait of Jennie.

Eben encounters Jennie at intermittent intervals. Strangely, she appears to be growing up much more rapidly than is possible. He soon falls in love with her but is puzzled by the fact that she seems to be experiencing events that he discovers took place many years previously as if they had just happened. Eventually he learns the truth about Jennie and though inevitable tragedy ensues, she continues to be an inspiration to Eben's life and art, and his career makes a remarkable upturn, commencing with his portrait of Jennie.

Cast

Jennifer Jones as Jennie Appleton
Joseph Cotten as Eben Adams
Ethel Barrymore as Miss Spinney
Lillian Gish as Mother Mary of Mercy
Cecil Kellaway as Matthews
David Wayne as Gus O'Toole
Albert Sharpe as Moore
Henry Hull as Eke
Florence Bates as Mrs. Jekes
Clem Bevans as Capt. Cobb
Nancy Davis as Teenager in Art Gallery
Anne Francis as Teenager in Art Gallery
Brian Keith as Ice-Skating Extra
Nancy Olson as Teenager in Art Gallery
Robert Dudley as Another Old Mariner
Maude Simmons as Clara Morgan

Production

The book on which the film was based first attracted the attention of David O. Selznick, who immediately purchased it as a vehicle for Academy Award winner Jennifer Jones. Filming began in early 1947 in New York City and Boston, Massachusetts, but Selznick was unhappy with the results and scheduled re-shoots as well as hiring and firing five different writers before the film was completed in October 1948. The New York shooting enabled Selznick to use Albert Sharpe and David Wayne who were both appearing on stage in Finian's Rainbow, giving an Irish flair to characters and the painting in the bar that wasn't in Nathan's novel.

As Portrait of Jennie was a fantasy, Selznick insisted on filming on actual Massachusetts (The Graves Light) and New York City locations (Central Park, The Cloisters, and The Metropolitan Museum of Art) as opposed to studio sets, which dramatically increased the film's production costs.^[3] The film's major overhaul came when Selznick added a tinted color sequence for the final scenes. The final shot of the painting, appearing just before the credits, is in full Technicolor.

Portrait of Jennie was highly unusual for its time in that it had no opening credits as such, except for the Selznick Studio logo. All of the other credits appear at the end. Before the film proper begins, the title is announced by the narrator (after delivering a spoken prologue, he says, "And now, 'Portrait of Jennie'").

The portrait of Jennie (Jennifer Jones) was painted by artist Robert Brackman. The painting became one of Selznick's prized possessions, and it was displayed in his home after he married Jones in 1949.

The film is notable for Joseph H. August's atmospheric cinematography, capturing the lead character's obsession with Jennie, amongst the environs of a wintry New York. August shot many of the scenes through a canvas, making the scenes look like actual paintings. August, who used many lenses from silent film days^[4] died shortly after completing the film. He was posthumously nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography.

Dimitri Tiomkin used themes by Claude Debussy, including Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune (Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun), the two Arabesques, "Nuages" and "Sirènes" from the suite Nocturnes, and La fille aux cheveux de lin, with the addition of Bernard Herrmann's "Jennie's Theme" to a song featured in Nathan's book ("Where I came from, nobody knows, and where I am going everyone goes"), utilizing a theremin. Herrmann was assigned the original composing duties for the film but left during its extended shooting schedule.

A scene of Jennie and Eben having a picnic after witnessing the ceremony in the convent, features in the original screenplay. It was filmed but deleted when it looked as if Jennie's hair was blending into the tree next to her. The scene that featured Jennie doing a dance choreographed by Jerome Robbins took over ten days to film,^[4] but wasn't used in the completed film.

Differences between the novel and the screenplay

Though the film closely following Nathan's novella, there are several differences:

In the novella, all the characters can see Jennie; in the film only Eben can.
The character of Arne, Eben's friend and fellow artist who appeared in both Nathan's work and an original draft of the screenplay, is left out of the completed film.^[5]
The characters of Gus and the publican were made Irish to accommodate David Wayne and Albert Sharpe, who at that time were appearing in the original stage production of Finian's Rainbow.
The mural that Eben paints in the book is one of a riverside picnic; a viewer notices that Eben has subconsciously painted what looked like a drowned woman on the bank.
The film provides a more thrilling climax where Eben attempts to save Jennie from the storm and a massive tidal wave, whilst the book has Jennie being washed off an ocean liner as she returns from a trip to Europe.

Reception

When it was released in December 1948, it was not a success, but today it is considered a classic in the fantasy genre, with a 91% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.^[6] Upon its release, The New York Times reviewer Bosley Crowther called it "deficient and disappointing in the extreme;"^[7] but the Variety reviewers found the story was "told with style, taste and dignity."^[8]

"Portrait of Jennie," the title song written by J. Russell Robinson, subsequently became a hit for Nat King Cole. It was even revisited in 1958 by pianist Red Garland on Manteca, and again in 1966 by jazz trumpeter Blue Mitchell on his Bring It Home to Me.

Joseph Cotten's performance as Eben Adams won the International Prize for Best Actor at the 1949 Venice International Film Festival.

American Film Institute Lists

AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions - Nominated^[9]
AFI's 10 Top 10 - Nominated Fantasy Film^[10]

Adaptations

Lux Radio Theatre presented an hour-long adaptation of the film on October 31, 1949, again starring Joseph Cotten, but this time with Anne Baxter in the role of Jennie.