Pont des Arts

Pont des Arts

View from right bank of the Seine river.
Coordinates 48°51′30″N 2°20′15″E / 48.85833°N 2.33750°ECoordinates: 48°51′30″N 2°20′15″E / 48.85833°N 2.33750°E
Carries Pedestrians
Crosses River Seine
Locale Paris, France
Official name Pont des Arts
Other name(s) Pedestrian Bridge
Next upstream Pont Neuf
Next downstream Pont du Carrousel
Characteristics
Design Arch Bridge
Material Steel
Total length 155 m (509 ft)
Width 11 m (36 ft)
Statistics
Toll Free both ways

The Pont des Arts or Passerelle des Arts is a pedestrian bridge in Paris which crosses the River Seine. It links the Institut de France and the central square (cour carrée) of the Palais du Louvre, (which had been termed the "Palais des Arts" under the First French Empire).

History

On the bridge, view on the Institut de France

Between 1802 and 1804, under the reign of Napoleon I, a nine-arch metallic bridge for pedestrians was constructed at the location of the present day Pont des Arts: this was the first metal bridge in Paris. The engineers Louis-Alexandre de Cessart and Jacques Dillon initially conceived of a bridge which would resemble a suspended garden, with trees, banks of flowers, and benches.

On March 17, 1975, the French Ministry of Culture listed the Pont des Arts as a national historic monument.[1]

In 1976, the Inspector of Bridges and Causeways (Ponts et Chaussées) reported several deficiencies on the bridge. More specifically, he noted the damage that had been caused by two aerial bombardments sustained during World War I and World War II and the harm done from the multiple collisions caused by boats. The bridge would be closed to circulation in 1977 and, in 1979, suffered a 60 metre collapse after a barge rammed into it.

The present bridge was built between 1981 and 1984 "identically" according to the plans of Louis Arretche, who had decided to reduce the number of arches from nine to seven, allowing the look of the old bridge to be preserved while realigning the new structure with the Pont Neuf. On 27 June 1984, the newly reconstructed bridge was inaugurated by Jacques Chirac, then the mayor of Paris.

The bridge has sometimes served as a place for art exhibitions, and is today a studio en plein air for painters, artists and photographers who are drawn to its unique point of view. The Pont des Arts is also frequently a spot for picnics during the summer.

The Argentinian writer, Julio Cortázar, talks about this bridge in his book "Rayuela". When Horacio Oliveira goes with the pythia and this tells him that the bridge for La Maga is the "Ponts des Arts".

In 1991, UNESCO listed the entire Parisian riverfront, from the Eiffel Tower to the end of the Ile Saint Louis, as a World Heritage Site. Therefore the Pont des Arts is now a part of this UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2]

"Love" Locks and Damage to the Bridge

Lovers on the Pont des Arts

Since late 2008, tourists have taken to attaching padlocks (love locks) with their first names written or engraved on them to the railing or the grate on the side of the bridge, then throwing the key into the Seine river below, as a romantic gesture.[3] This gesture is said to represent a couple's committed love.[4] Although this is not a French tradition and has only been taking place in Paris since the end of 2008, with locks occasionally being cut off by city workers, since 2012 the number of locks covering the bridge has become overwhelming, with locks being attached upon other locks. In February 2014, Le Monde estimated[5] that there were over 700,000 locks; with the 2014 summer tourist season, many thousands more have since been added, creating a serious safety concern for city authorities and an aesthetic issue for Parisians.

Tourists on the Pont des Arts

In January 2014, two American women living in Paris launched an online campaign and petition, No Love Locks™, to educate the public and tourism industry about the vandalism and damage caused by padlocks on bridges, and to demand that the Paris City Hall remove and ban the padlocks from the Pont des Arts and the 11 other Parisian bridges covered in locks. The campaign's slogan is "Free Your Love. Save Our Bridges." They state that the bridge has been physically damaged by the weight of the locks (60+ metric tons of metal) and that there is ongoing environmental damage to the River Seine from the keys that are thrown into the river. In addition, the campaign notes that the Pont des Arts is a historically listed bridge in Paris and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Paris. The campaign created an international media frenzy and debate about love locks in cities around the world, and the campaign's petition to ban locks in Paris received nearly 10,000 signatures in the first four months.[6]

In May 2014, the newly elected mayor, Anne Hidalgo, announced that she was tasking her First Deputy Mayor, Bruno Julliard, with finding alternatives to love locks in Paris.[7]

In June 2014, part of the parapet on the bridge collapsed under the weight of all of the padlocks that had been attached to it.[8]

In August 2014, the Paris Mayor's Office began to say publicly that they wanted to encourage tourists to take "selfies" instead of leaving love locks, when they launched the Love Without Locks campaign and social media hashtag. The web site states: "Our bridges can no longer withstand your gestures of love. Set them free by declaring your love with #lovewithoutlocks." With the high tourist season in full swing, more than 50% of the panels on the Pont des Arts had to be boarded over with plywood because the weight of the locks (estimated by the city to be 700 kg per panel) was creating the risk of more panels collapsing.[9]

On September 18, 2014, the City Hall of Paris replaced three panels of this bridge with a special glass as an experiment as they search for alternative materials for the bridge where locks cannot be attached.[10]

Access

Love padlocks on the bridge, view on the Louvre side
Location on the Seine
Located near the Métro station: Pont Neuf.

By foot from Quai Francois Mitterrand from the right bank of the Seine, and Quai Malaquais or Quai de Conti from the left bank.

Popular culture

Due to its recognizable nature, the bridge has been featured in numerous films and television shows. Le Pont des Arts is a French film directed by Eugène Green, with Natacha Régnier and Denis Podalydès. The story is of a young man who falls in love with and finds the whole meaning of his life contained in a young woman who sings a baroque lament on record. He discovers she committed suicide from the Pont des Arts, so that is the only way he can be with her too. The action unrolls in Paris between 1979 and 1980, in other words it occurs during the collapsing of the bridge. The film was presented in 2004 at the 57th Locarno International Film Festival.

Art historian Kenneth Clark wrote about the Pont des Arts in his book Civilisation:

I am standing on the Pont des Arts in Paris. On the one side of the Seine is the harmonious, reasonable facade of the Institute of France, built as a college in about 1670. On the other bank is the Louvre, built continuously from the Middle Ages to the nineteenth century: classical architecture at its most splendid and assured. Just visible upstream is the Cathedral of Notre Dame --not perhaps the most lovable of cathedrals, but the most rigorously intellectual façade in the whole of Gothic art. [...]

What is civilisation? I do not know. I can't define it in abstract terms --yet. But I think I can recognise it when I see it: and I am looking at it now.

— Kenneth Clark, Civilisation (1969)

St. Germain released a song called 'Pont Des Arts' in 2002. Garden City Movement released a song by the same name in 2014.[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=REF&VALUE_1=PA00085998
  2. ↑ http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/600
  3. ↑ Pawlowski, A. "The joys of slowly savoring Paris." CNN. Wednesday October 19, 2011. Retrieved on October 19, 2011.
  4. ↑ Hewins, E. "." "Bonjour Paris. 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ http://www.lemonde.fr/vous/article/2014/02/14/paris-sous-les-verrous_4365707_3238.html
  6. ↑ http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/world/2014/03/28/pkg-sesay-paris-no-love-locks.cnn.html
  7. ↑ http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/jun/02/new-mayor-paris-anne-hidalgo-love-locks-bridges
  8. ↑ "'Lovelocks' collapse Paris bridge rail". BBC News. 9 June 2014.
  9. ↑ http://nolovelocks.com/2014/09/07/covered-in-plywood/
  10. ↑ http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2014/09/19/a-paris-les-jours-sont-comptes-pour-les-cadenas-d-amour-du-pont-des-arts_4490883_3224.html
  11. ↑ http://www.thefader.com/2014/11/17/garden-city-movements-pont-des-arts

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pont des Arts.