Ponerorchis

Ponerorchis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Tribe: Orchideae
Subtribe: Orchidinae
Alliance: Orchis
Genus: Ponerorchis
Rchb.f., 1852
Synonyms[1]
  • Phaniasia Blume ex Miq.
  • Chusua Nevski in V.L.Komarov (ed.)

Ponerorchis is a small genus of Asian terrestrial tuberous orchids included in the orchid family Orchidaceae. It is native to China, Siberia, the Russian Far East, Japan, Korea, and the Himalayas.[1][2]

It has been suggested that Ponerorchis should be broadened to include Chusua, and that Hemipilia should include single `orphan' species of Ponerorchis and Habenaria [3]

They can be found in evergreen forests and meadows in temperate, mountainous regions from the Himalayas to Siberia and Japan. They are closely related to the genus Orchis to which, in the past, they were thought to belong. The genus is distinguished from Orchis by having in the column two bursicles (pouchlike receptacles) enclosing the pollinia, instead of one. It shares with Orchis its spherical, ellipsoid or oblong tubers. The species Ponerorchis chidorii, endemic to Japan, is also known to grow epiphytically.

In horticultural trade this genus is abbreviated as Pnr. These orchids, a wide variety of mostly cultivars of Ponerorchis graminifolia, are rarely grown outside Japan.

Species

Species accepted as of May 2014:[1]

  1. Ponerorchis brevicalcarata (Finet) Soó, (1966) - Sichuan, Yunnan
  2. Ponerorchis chidorii (Makino) Ohwi, (1936) - Honshu, Shikoku
  3. Ponerorchis chrysea (W.W.Sm.) Soó, (1966) - Yunnan, Tibet, Bhutan
  4. Ponerorchis chusua (D.Don) Soó, (1966) - Korea, Assam, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China (Gansu, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan), Russia (Primorye, Khabarovsk, Amur, Chita)
  5. Ponerorchis crenulata Soó, (1966) - Yunnan
  6. Ponerorchis curtipes (Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw, (2003) - Kushiro Subprefecture (on Hokkaido)
  7. Ponerorchis exilis (Ames & Schltr.) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale (2006) - Yunnan
  8. Ponerorchis graminifolia Rchb.f., (1852) - Korea, Japan
  9. Ponerorchis joo-iokiana (Makino) Soó,(1966) - Korea, Honshu
  10. Ponerorchis kiraishiensis (Hayata) Ohwi, (1936) - Taiwan
  11. Ponerorchis kurokamiana (Hatus. & Ohwi) J.M.H.Shaw, (2003) - Mount Kurokami on Kyushu
  12. Ponerorchis limprichtii (Schltr.) Soó, (1966) - Gansu, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan
  13. Ponerorchis omeishanica (Tang, F.T.Wang & K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale (2006) - Sichuan
  14. Ponerorchis puberula (King & Pantl.) Verm., (1972) - Assam, Bhutan
  15. Ponerorchis pugeensis (K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale (2006) - Sichuan
  16. Ponerorchis renzii Deva & H.B.Naithani, (1986) Western Himalaya of India, Tibet, Pakistan
  17. Ponerorchis sichuanica (K.Y.Lang) S.C.Chen, P.J.Cribb & S.W.Gale (2006) - Sichuan
  18. Ponerorchis taiwanensis (Fukuy.) Ohwi, (1936) - Taiwan
  19. Ponerorchis takasago-montana (Masam.) Ohwi, (1936) - Taiwan
  20. Ponerorchis tominagae (Hayata) H.J.Su & J.J.Chen (2000) - Taiwan

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Flora of China v 25 p 92, 小红门兰属 xiao hong men lan shu, Ponerorchis
  3. ↑ BATEMAN, RICHARD M.; HOLLINGSWORTH, PETER M.; PRESTON, JILLIAN; YI-BO, LUO; PRIDGEON, ALEC M.; CHASE, MARK W. (May 2003). "Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 142 (1): 1–40. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.00157.x.

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