Plutonium hydride

Plutonium hydride
Names
IUPAC name
Plutonium dihydride (excess hydrogen)
Systematic IUPAC name
Plutonium(2+) hydride
Other names
Plutonium dihydride

Plutonium(II) hydride

Plutonous hydride
Identifiers
17336-52-6 Yes
Jmol-3D images Image
Properties
Molecular formula
 H2Pu
Molar mass 246.08 g·mol−1
Appearance Black, opaque crystals
Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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Infobox references

Plutonium hydride is a non-stoichiometric chemical compound with the formula PuH2+x. It is one of two characterised hydrides of plutonium, the other is PuH3.[1] PuH2 is non-stoichiometric with a composition range of PuH2 – PuH2.7. Additionally metastable stoichiometries with an excess of hydrogen (PuH2.7 – PuH3) can be formed.[1] PuH2 has a cubic structure. It is readily formed from the elements at 1 atmosphere at 100–200 °C:[1] When the stoichiometry is close to PuH2 it has a silver appearance, but gets blacker as the hydrogen content increases, additionally the color change is associated with a reduction in conductivity.[2]

Pu + H2 → PuH2

Studies of the reaction of plutonium metal with moist air at 200–350 °C showed the presence of cubic plutonium hydride on the surface along with Pu2O3, PuO2 and a higher oxide identified by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as the mixed-valence phase PuIV3−xPuVIxO6+x.[3] Investigation of the reaction performed without heating suggests that the reaction of Pu metal and moist air the production of PuO2 and a higher oxide along with adsorbed hydrogen, which catalytically combines with O2 to form water.[4]

Plutonium dihydride on the surface of hydrided plutonium acts as a catalyst for the oxidation of the metal with consumption of both O2 and N2 from air.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gerd Meyer, 1991, Synthesis of Lanthanide and Actinide Compounds Springer, ISBN 0-7923-1018-7.
  2. ↑ The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, J. Fuger, Springer, 2010, ISBN 9789048131464
  3. ↑ J. L. Stakebake, D. T. Larson, J. M. Haschke: Characterization of the Plutonium-water Reaction II: Formation of a Binary Oxide containing Pu(VI), Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 202, 1–2, 1993, 251–263, doi:10.1016/0925-8388(93)90547-Z.
  4. ↑ J. M. Haschke, T. H. Allen, L. A. Morales: Surface and Corrosion Chemistry of Plutonium, Los Alamos Science, 2000, 252.
  5. ↑ John M. Haschke Thomas H. Allen: Plutonium Hydride, Sesquioxide and Monoxide Monohydride: Pyrophoricity and Catalysis of Plutonium Corrosion, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 320, 1, 2001, 58–71, doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(01)00932-X.