Pierogi

Pierogi
A plateful of pierogi ruskie with cheese and potato filling, topped with fried onions, Poland
Course	Appetizer, main, dessert
Place of origin	Central and Eastern Europe
Serving temperature	Hot
Main ingredients	Unleavened dough with savory or sweet filling.
Variations	Multiple
Cookbook:Pierogi  Pierogi

Pierogi /pɨˈroʊɡi/ (Polish pronunciation: [pjɛˈrɔɡʲi]; also spelled perogi, pierogy, perogy, pierógi, pyrohy, pirogi, pyrogie, or pyrogy in English or other Slavic languages; juvenile diminutive form: Pierożki Polish pronunciation: [pjɛˈrɔʂki] also in use) are dumplings of unleavened dough – first boiled, at which point they can be served with melted butter or various toppings, or then fried with onions – traditionally stuffed with potato filling, sauerkraut, ground meat, cheese, or fruit. Of Central and Eastern European provenance, they are usually semicircular, but are rectangular or triangular in some cuisines.

The Polish name pierogi is plural;^[1] the singular form pieróg is rarely used, as a typical serving consists of several pierogi.

Pierogi are similar to the Russian pelmeni or Ukrainian varenyky and are not to be confused with pirozhki (the Russian word for stuffed fried buns) or a pirog (the Russian word for "pie").

Origin and names

With their name derived from a root meaning 'festival', here is a plateful of traditional Christmas Eve Pierogi

While dumplings as such are found throughout Eurasia, the specific name pierogi, with its Proto-Slavic root "pir"^[2] (festivity) and its various cognates in the West and East Slavic languages, shows the name's common Slavic origins, predating the modern nation states and their standardized languages, although in most of these languages the word means pie. In English, the word pierogi and its variants perogi, pyrogy, perogie, perogy, pirohi, piroghi, pirogi, pirogen, pierogy, pirohy, pyrogie, and pyrohy, are pronounced with a stress on the letter "o".

Pierogi are small enough to be served many at a time, so the plural form of the word is usually used when referring to this dish. In Polish pierogi is actually the plural, pieróg being singular. In Czech and Slovak pirohy is also the plural, piroh is singular. In Germany, this type of dumpling is called Pirogge in the singular and Piroggen in the plural, although sometimes the Polish name Pierogi is used.

Pierogi are popular among the peoples of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The West Slavic Poles, Czechs, and Slovaks, as well as the East Slavic Belarusians, Russians, Ukrainians and Rusyns, and the Germans and Lithuanians consume this dish, although under different names (kalduny in Belarus, koldūnai^[3] in Lithuania, vareniki and pelmeni in Russia and Ukraine). In some East European languages, variants of this dish are known by names derived from the root of the word "to boil" (Russian: варить, varit', Ukrainian: варити, varyty), see "varenyky".

There is a similarity to Italian ravioli, culurgiones, tortelli, tortelloni, and tortellini, to German Maultaschen, and also to Ashkenazi kreplach. In Turkey, Transcaucasus, and Central Asia similar round pockets of dough with a meat filling are called manti or mantu, khinkali, or chuchvara. In East Asia, similar foods are served, such as Chinese jiaozi, Korean mandu, Japanese gyoza, Mongolian buuz, and Nepalese/Tibetan momo. A food item similar to this is prepared throughout India. It is known by the name "Ghooghra" (or Ghugra) in the state of Gujarat, "Karanji" in the state of Maharashtra, and "Gujiya" in many Hindi speaking states in northern India.

Recipes

Fried pierogi

Ingredients

Pierogi may be stuffed (singularly or in various combinations) with mashed potatoes, fried onions, quark (sometimes called farmers cheese), cabbage, sauerkraut, meat, mushrooms, spinach, or other ingredients depending on the cook's personal preferences. The secret to creating the dough is to add some of the potato to the pasta dough. It creates a smooth texture strongly desired by traditionalists. Dessert versions of the dumpling can be stuffed with a fresh fruit filling, such as cherry, strawberry, saskatoon berry, raspberry, blueberry, peach, plum, or apple; stoned prunes are sometimes used as well as jam or sweetened curd. For more flavor, sour cream can be added to the dough mixture, and this also tends to lighten the dough.

Mashed potatoes mixed with farmer's cheese and fried onions is a popular filling in Poland. These are commonly referred to as ruskie pierogi. A popular filling for pierogi in North America is mashed potatoes mixed with grated Cheddar cheese. Jewish Kreplach (from Yiddish: קרעפּלעך kreplekh, קרעפל krepl neut. sg.) are filled with ground meat, mashed potato or another filling, usually boiled and served in chicken soup. They are similar to Italian tortellini and Chinese wontons.^[4]

Preparation

The dough, which is made by mixing flour and warm water, sometimes with an egg, is rolled flat and then cut into squares with a knife or circles using a cup or drinking glass. The filling is placed in the middle and the dough folded over to form a half circle. The pierogi or vareniki are boiled until they float, drained, and sometimes fried or baked in butter before serving. They can be served with melted butter, sour cream, or garnished with small pieces of fried bacon, onions, and also mushrooms.^[5] Dessert varieties may be topped with apple sauce. Some families in North America serve them with maple syrup. Another variation of pierogi, popular among Czechs and Slovaks and called pirohy, uses dough made of flour and curd with eggs, salt and water.

Variations

Poland

Traditional Polish Pierogi with meat, potato, and sauerkraut.

Pierogi festival in Kraków - occurs on the Day of St. Hyacinth, Poland

Pan of pierogi, Sanok, Poland

Pierogi ruskie (Ruthenian dumplings), fried dumplings with caraway.

Traditionally considered peasant food, they eventually gained popularity and spread throughout all social classes including nobles. Although Pierogi are still an important part of Polish culture and cuisine today, they are very popular in other European countries such as Slovakia, Romania, and Ukraine. Pierogi are the Polish form of a handmade dumpling, made of unleavened dough, usually shaped into a semi-circle. The seams are pressed together to seal the pierogi so that the filling will remain inside when it is cooked. The most common filling is mashed potatoes. There are several variations of fillings depending on where you have pierogi, but some may include: potato and cheese, mushrooms, sauerkraut, meat, potato and sour cream, fruits such as blueberry, or even spinach. Some cookbooks from the 17th century describe how even during that era the Pierogi were considered a staple of the Polish diet, and each holiday had its own special kind of Pierogi created. There were different shapes and fillings for holidays such as Christmas and Easter, and important events like weddings, had their own special type of Pierogi "kirniki" – filled with chicken meat. There were also Pierogi made especially for mourning/wakes, and even some for caroling season in January.

Pierogi are served in a variety of forms and tastes (ranging from sweet to salty to spicy) in Polish cuisine, considered to be the Polish national dish.^[6] They are served at many festivals, playing an important role as a cultural dish. At the 2007 Pierogi Festival in Kraków, 30,000 pierogi were consumed daily.

Polish pierogi are often filled with fresh curd cheese, boiled and minced potatoes, and fried onions. This type is called in Polish pierogi ruskie, which literally means "Ruthenian pierogi" (not "Russian"). Ruskie pierogi are probably the most popular kind of pierogi in North America. However this variety is not necessarily the most popular in Europe, although very much liked. More popular in Poland are pierogi filled with ground meat, mushrooms and cabbage, or for dessert an assortment of fruits (various berries, with either strawberries or blueberries being most common).

Sweet pierogi are usually served with sour cream, savory pierogi with bacon fat and bacon bits. Poles traditionally serve two types of pierogi for Christmas Eve supper. One kind is filled with sauerkraut and dried mushrooms, another – small uszka filled only with dried wild mushrooms – is served in clear borscht.^[7] Leniwe pierogi ("lazy pierogi") are a different type of food, similar to lazy vareniki, kopytka, or halušky.

Pierogi are probably the only Polish dish that has its own patron saint. "Święty Jacek z pierogami!", (St. Hyacinth and his pierogi!) is an old expression of surprise, roughly equivalent to the American "good grief" or "holy smokes!". The origin of this expression is unknown.^[8]

Russia

Traditional Russian "pirogí" (пироги) and "pirozhkí" (пирожки) sound similar to Polish "pierogi" but are different dishes. The Russian counterparts to Polish pierogi are pelʹméni (пельмени) and Ukrainian-style varenyky (вареники). They are most often filled with meat, potatoes (sometimes mixed with mushrooms), quark cheese, cabbage, berries. They can be topped with fried onions and bacon, or butter, and served with sour cream.

Hungary

In Hungarian cuisine, the equivalent of pierogi is derelye, pasta pockets filled with jam or sometimes meat.^[9] Derelye is consumed primarily as a festive food for special occasions such as weddings.

Slovakia

A traditional dish in Slovak cuisine is bryndzové pirohy, crescent-shaped dumplings filled with salty bryndza cheese.

Germany

In Germany, various types of pierogi are known, including spinach which is a local addition to the cuisine.

Romania

In Romania, a similar recipe is called colţunaşi^[10] in Moldova and Bucovina or chiroște^[11] in Moldova. Colţunaşi is often a dessert filled with jam (usually cherry) or with cheese (telemea or urdă) and the dough is made with wheat flour boiled in water.^[12]

In Transylvania, the name "piroști" is used in Romanian families of German or Slavic origin and the filling can also be a whole, fresh, seedless plum. The term "colțunaș" is used by native Romanian families and are usually filled with smântână, traditionally called "colțunași cu smântână".

Ukraine

Ukrainian varenyky are traditionally steamed, less often boiled or fried.

North America

Pierogi are widespread in Canada and the United States, having been popularized by Central and Eastern European immigrants. They are particularly common in areas with large Polish, Ukrainian, or Ruthene populations, such as Buffalo, Chicago, Omaha, Massachusetts, Minneapolis, Detroit, Cleveland, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey in the US, and the provinces of Manitoba, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Ontario in Canada. Pierogi at first were a family food among immigrants as well as being served in ethnic restaurants. In the post-World War II era, freshly cooked pierogi became a staple of fundraisers by ethnic churches. By the 1960s, pierogi were a common supermarket item in the frozen food aisles in many parts of the United States and Canada. Pierogi maintain their place in the grocery aisles to this day. While pierogi are often eaten as a main dish in Canada and European countries, Americans often consider them a side dish, often served with meat.

Numerous towns with Central and Eastern-European heritage celebrate the pierogi. The city of Whiting, Indiana celebrates the food at its annual Pierogi Fest every July.^[7] Pierogi are also commonly associated with Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania where there is a "pierogi race" at every home Pittsburgh Pirates baseball game. In the race, four runners wearing pierogi costumes race toward a finish line. The village of Glendon in Alberta, Canada erected in 1993 a roadside tribute to this culinary creation: a 25-foot (7.6 m) fibreglass perogy (preferred local spelling), complete with fork.^[13]

The United States enjoys the most developed pierogi market because of its having the largest Central and Eastern European immigrant population in North America (Canada being second). Unlike other countries with newer populations of European settlers, the modern pierogi is found in a wide selection of flavors throughout grocery stores in the U.S. Many of these grocery-brand pierogi contain non-traditional ingredients to appeal to general American tastes, including spinach, jalapeño and chicken.

Pierogi enjoyed a brief popularity as a sports food when Paula Newby-Fraser adopted them as her food of choice for the biking portion of the 1989 Hawaii Ironman Triathlon.^[14] For more than a decade thereafter, Mrs. T's (the largest American pierogi manufacturer) sponsored triathlons,^[15] some professional triathletes and "fun runs" around the country. For many triathletes, pierogi represented an alternative to pasta as a way to boost their carbohydrate intakes.^[16] However, the pierogi trend in the United States is not dying. Several cities such as San Diego now have their own pierogi trucks with popular flavors and restaurants across the United States from San Francisco, Seattle, to New York City are adding gourmet pierogi flavors to their menus.

According to pierogi manufacturer Mrs. T's, based in Shenandoah, PA, pierogi consumption in the United States is largely concentrated in a geographical region dubbed the "Pierogi Pocket", an area including New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Chicago, Detroit, parts of the northern Midwest and southern New England which accounts for 68 percent of annual US pierogi consumption.^[17]

Canada

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Canada has a large Polish population, and an even larger Ukrainian or Rusyn population, and their pyrohy, perogy or pyrogy are very common. Since Canada also has immigrants from many other perogy-making people (such as the Mennonites), a wide diversity of recipes are used. The Canadian market for perogi is second only to that of the U.S. market, the latter having been the destination of choice for the majority of Central and Eastern European immigrants prior to, and during, World War II.^[13]

Pierogi special at a fast-food stall in St. Lawrence Market, Toronto

Packed frozen perogies can be found everywhere Central and Eastern European immigrant communities exist and are generally ubiquitous across Canada, even in big chain stores. Typically frozen flavours include potato with either Cheddar, onion, bacon, cottage cheese or mixed cheeses.

Home-made versions are typically filled with either mashed potatoes (seasoned with salt and pepper and often mixed with dry curd cottage cheese or cheddar cheese), sauerkraut, or fruit. These are then boiled, and either served immediately, put in ovens and kept warm, or fried in oil or butter. Popular fruit varieties include strawberry, blueberry, and saskatoon berry.

Potato and cheese or sauerkraut versions are usually served with some or all the following: butter or oil, sour cream (typical), fried onions, fried bacon bits or kielbasa (sausage), and a creamy mushroom sauce (less common). Some ethnic kitchens will deep-fry perogies, both dessert and main course dishes can be served this way. A good method is to par-boil the dumplings, then after drying, they are then deep-fried.

The frozen varieties are sometimes served casserole-style with a mixture of chopped ham, onions, peppers and Cheddar cheese or with an Italian-style mixture of ground beef, onions and tomato sauce.^[18]

National chain restaurants also feature the dish or variations. Boston Pizza has a sandwich and a pizza flavoured to taste like perogies, while Smitty's serves theirs as an appetizer deep-fried with salsa. Some Chinese cafés in the Canadian Prairies have taken to billing their potstickers (jiaozi) as "Chinese perogies".

Although called varenyky in standard Ukrainian, speakers of the Canadian Ukrainian or Rusyn dialect refer to them as pyrohy, which can be misheard pedaheh or pudaheh by Anglophones unaccustomed to the rolled-r sound, or alveolar flap. This is due to the history of Ukrainian or Rusyn (Ruthenian) immigration to Canada, which came predominantly from the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Similar dishes

• Ravioli (filled pasta Italian cuisine)
• Kreplach (dumplings in Kosher cuisine)
• Jiaozi (dumplings in Chinese cuisine)
• Mandu (dumpling) (dumplings in Korean cuisine)
• Manti (dumpling) in Turkish cuisine
• Khinkali, (dumplings in Georgian cuisine)
• Pelmeni, (dumplings in Russian cuisine)
• Qatayef, (grabbers in Arab cuisine)
• MoMo, Nepalese meat dumplings
• Maultasche, dumplings in German cuisine
• Qottab, stuffed pastries in Persian cuisine Iranian cuisine
• Gyoza, stuffed dumplings in Japanese cuisine
• Gujia, fried sweet-filled dumplings of Northern India
• Bolani, Persian-Afghan flatbread stuffed with vegetables

See also

• Pirozhki

Notes and references

External links

• Media related to pierogi at Wikimedia Commons
• The dictionary definition of pierogi at Wiktionary
• Pierogi at Wikibook Cookbooks