Philistus

Philistus (Greek: Φίλιστος; c. 432 – 356 BC), son of Archomenidas, was Greek historian of Sicily. Philistus was born at Syracuse about the beginning of the Peloponnesian War. He was a faithful supporter of the elder Dionysius, and commander of the citadel. Cicero who had a high opinion of his work, calls him the miniature Thucydides (pusillus Thucydides).^[1] He was admitted by the Alexandrian critics into the canon of historiographers, and his work was highly valued by Alexander the Great.

Philistus was quite wealthy. Before his rise to power, Dionysius criticized the generals of Syracuse in their poor performance against the Carthagenians. When the assembly fined Dionysius for his seditious language, Philistus stepped in to pay Dionysius' fines, with the promise to continue paying for them so long as the council saw fit to issue them. It was through Philistus' support that Dionysius was able to rise to power and control Syracuse.

In 386, Philistus married the daughter of Leptines I, who was Dionysius' niece. Because Dionysius had not been consulted, he feared an alliance between his brother and Philistus against him, Dionysius exiled both from Syracuse.

He settled at Thurii, but afterwards removed to Adria, where he remained until the death of Dionysius (366 BC). During his stay at Adria, Philistus occupied himself with the composition of his history of Sicily in eleven books. The first part (bks. i—vii) comprised the history of the island from the earliest times to the capture of Agrigentum by the Carthaginians (406 BC); the second, the history of the elder and the younger Dionysius (down to 363 BC). From this point the work was carried on by Philistus's fellow countryman, Athanas.

Philistus was then recalled by the younger Dionysius, whom he persuaded to dismiss Plato and Dion.^[2] When Dion set sail from Zacynthus with the object of liberating Syracuse in (356), Philistus was entrusted by Dionysius II with the command of the fleet. After a lengthy sea battle, his ship was surrounded. Philistus took his own life to avoid retribution from his countrymen.

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References

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.