Phidippus

Phidippus
Phidippus audax shows green chelicerae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Family:	Salticidae
Subfamily:	Dendryphantinae
Genus:	Phidippus C. L. Koch, 1846
Type species
Attus audax Hentz, 1845
Species
P. audax P. californicus P. cardinalis P. johnsoni P. mystaceus P. octopunctatus P. regius P. whitmani P. workmani   many more, see text
Diversity
60 species

Phidippus is a genus in the family Salticidae (jumping spiders). Some of the largest jumping spiders inhabit this genus, and many species are characterized by their brilliant, iridescent green chelicerae. Phidippus is distributed almost exclusively in North America, with the exception of two exported species (Phidippus audax and Phidippus regius).^[1] As of 2004, there are 60 valid described species in the genus. Species previously described in Phidippus which are found in India and Bangladesh do not belong in this genus.^[1]

Name

The genus name is likely derived from Cicero's speech Pro Rege Deiotaro (Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus): Phidippus was a slave who was physician to King Deiotaros.^[2] Literally, the words means "one who spares horses" in Ancient Greek.^[3]

Accepted species

The genus Phidippus consists of the following 60 species:^[4]

• Phidippus adonis Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus adumbratus Gertsch, 1934 — USA
• Phidippus amans Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus albulatus F. O. P-Cambridge, 1901 — Mexico
• Phidippus apacheanus Chamberlin & Gertsch, 1929 — USA, Mexico, Cuba
• Phidippus ardens Peckham & Peckham, 1901 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus arizonensis (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus asotus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845) — North America, introduced in Hawai'i, Nicobar Islands
• Phidippus aureus Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus bidentatus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 — USA to Costa Rica
• Phidippus boei Edwards, 2004 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus borealis Banks, 1895 — USA, Canada, Alaska
• Phidippus californicus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 — North America
• Phidippus cardinalis (Hentz, 1845) — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus carneus Peckham & Peckham, 1896 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus carolinensis Peckham & Peckham, 1909 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus cerberus Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885 — North America
• Phidippus comatus Peckham & Peckham, 1901 — North America
• Phidippus concinnus Gertsch, 1934 — USA
• Phidippus cruentus F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1901 — Mexico
• Phidippus cryptus Edwards, 2004 — USA, Canada
• Phidippus dianthus Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus felinus Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus georgii Peckham & Peckham, 1896 — Mexico to El Salvador
• Phidippus insignarius C. L. Koch, 1846 — USA
• Phidippus johnsoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) — North America
• Phidippus kastoni Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus lynceus Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus maddisoni Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus mimicus Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus morpheus Edwards, 2004 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus mystaceus (Hentz, 1846) — USA
• Phidippus nikites Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus octopunctatus (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus olympus Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus otiosus (Hentz, 1846) — USA
• Phidippus phoenix Edwards, 2004 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus pius Scheffer, 1905 — USA to Costa Rica
• Phidippus pompatus Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus princeps (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) — USA, Canada
• Phidippus pruinosus Peckham & Peckham, 1909 — USA
• Phidippus pulcherrimus Keyserling, 1885 — USA
• Phidippus purpuratus Keyserling, 1885 — USA, Canada
• Phidippus putnami (Peckham & Peckham, 1883) — USA
• Phidippus regius C. L. Koch, 1846 (USA, West Indies, Easter Island — introduced)
• Phidippus richmani Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus texanus Banks, 1906 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus tigris Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus toro Edwards, 1978 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus tux Pinter, 1970 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus tyrannus Edwards, 2004 — USA, Mexico
• Phidippus tyrrelli Peckham & Peckham, 1901 — North America
• Phidippus ursulus Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus venus Edwards, 2004 — Mexico
• Phidippus vexans Edwards, 2004 — USA
• Phidippus whitmani Peckham & Peckham, 1909 — USA, Canada
• Phidippus workmani Peckham & Peckham, 1901 — USA
• Phidippus zethus Edwards, 2004 — Mexico

Misplaced species

In addition to the species above, several species have been misplaced in the genus (according to Edward's revision) but have yet to be transferred to other genera.^[1] These include:

• Phidippus aeneidens Taczanowski, 1878 — Peru
• Phidippus albocinctus Caporiacco, 1947 — Guyana
• Phidippus bengalensis Tikader, 1977 — India
• Phidippus bhimrakshiti Gajbe, 2004 — India
• Phidippus birabeni Mello-Leitão, 1944 — Argentina
• Phidippus calcuttaensis Biswas, 1984 — India
• Phidippus exlineae Caporiacco, 1955 — Venezuela
• Phidippus guianensis Caporiacco, 1947 — Guyana
• Phidippus hingstoni Mello-Leitão, 1948 — Guyana
• Phidippus khandalaensis Tikader, 1977 — India
• Phidippus majumderi Biswas, 1999 — Bangladesh
• Phidippus punjabensis Tikader, 1974 — India
• Phidippus tenuis Kraus, 1955 — El Salvador
• Phidippus tirapensis Biswas & Biswas, 2006 — India
• Phidippus yashodharae Tikader, 1977 — Andaman Is.
• Phidippus zebrinus Mello-Leitão, 1945 — Argentina

Footnotes

References

• Gardner, B.T. (1965): Observations on Three Species of Phidippus Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae). Psyche 72:133-147 PDF (P. californicus = P. coccineus, P. apacheanus, P. octopunctatus = P. opifex)
• Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P.E. and Roth, V. (editors) (2005): Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual. American Arachnological Society ISBN 0-9771439-0-2
• Edwards, G.B. (2004): Revision of the jumping spiders of the genus Phidippus (Araneae: Salticidae). Occasional Papers of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods 11: i-viii, 1-156, 350 figs.
• Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 9.5. American Museum of Natural History.

See also

• List of spiders associated with cutaneous reactions

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Phidippus.

Videos

• David Edwin Hill: Portrait of feeding female Phidippus audax — Video
• David Edwin Hill: Variable female forms of the jumping spider Phidippus clarus — Video

Pictures

• "Bold Jumping Spider" - Phidippus audax
• Awesome Spiders: Photographs of P. arizonensis
• Phidippus clarus diagnostic photographs, male and female specimens
• Phidippus mystaceus photographs, adult male specimen
• Phidippus princeps reference photographs
• Phidippus otiosus adult male specimen
• Catalog of genus Phidippus
• Pictures of Phidippus species (P. adumbratus, P. apacheanus, P. arizonensis, P. asotus, P. audax, P. basalis, P. boei, P. cardinalis, P. carneus, P. clarus, P. comatus,P. cruentus, P. johnsoni, P. mystaceus, P. octopunctatus, P. olympus, P. otlosus, P. phoenix, P. plus, P. princeps, P. pruinosus, P. pulcherrimus, P. purpuratus, P. putnami, P. regius, P. richmani, P. texanus, P. tigris, P. toro, P. tyrelli, P. whitmani and P. workmani.)
• Picture of Phidippus species (free for noncommercial use)