Phenotypic switching
Phenotypic switching (a.k.a. phenotypic dimorphism) is switching between two cell-types. An example is Candida albicans, which, when it infects host tissue, switches from the usual unicellular yeast-like form into an invasive, multicellular filamentous form.[1] This switching between two cell-types is known as dimorphism.
Phenotypic switching in C. albicans include the switch from white cells to opaque cells in need for sexual mating.
A second example occurs in Melanoma, where malignantly transformed pigment cells switch back-and-forth between phenotypes of proliferation and invasion in response to changing microenvironments, driving metastatic progression.[2][3][4]
See also
References
- ↑ Kumamoto CA, Vinces MD (2005). "Contributions of hyphae and hypha-co-regulated genes to Candida albicans virulence". Cell. Microbiol. 7 (11): 1546–54. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00616.x. PMID 16207242.
- ↑ Hoek KS, Eichhoff OM, Schlegel NC, Dobbeling U, Kobert N, Schaerer L, Hemmi S, Dummer R (2008). "In vivo switching of human melanoma cells between proliferative and invasive states". Cancer Res. 68 (3): 650–6. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2491. PMID 18245463.
- ↑ Hoek KS, Goding CR (2010). "Cancer stem cells versus phenotype-switching in melanoma". Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 23 (6): 746–59. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00757.x. PMID 20726948.
- ↑ Saez-Ayala M, Montenegro MF, Sanchez-del-Campo L, Fernandez-Perez MP, Chazarra S, Freter R, Middleton M, Pinero-Madrona A, Cabezas-Herrera J, Goding CR, Rodriguez-Lopez JN (2013). "Directed phenotype switching as an effective antimelanoma strategy". Cancer Cell 24 (1): 105–19. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.009. PMID 23792190.
External links
- Neville SE, Baigent S, Lowry PJ (December 2001). "Are Hox genes responsible for the phenotypic switching and zonation of the adult adrenal cortex?". Endocrine Abstracts 2: 52.
- D'Souza CA, Heitman J (December 2001). "It infects me, it infects me not: phenotypic switching in the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans". J. Clin. Invest. 108 (11): 1577–8. doi:10.1172/JCI14497. PMC 200997. PMID 11733551.
- Sonneborn A, Tebarth B, Ernst JF (1 September 1999). "Control of white-opaque phenotypic switching in Candida albicans by the Efg1p morphogenetic regulator". Infect. Immun. 67 (9): 4655–60. PMC 96790. PMID 10456912.
- Javan C, Shaunak S (January 22–26, 1997). "Repeated phenotypic switching of HIV-1 in AIDS patients sampled regularly over 2 years.". 4th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Washington, DC.