Perm Krai

Perm Krai
Пермский край (Russian)
—  Krai  —

Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: none
Coordinates: 59°14′N 56°08′E / 59.233°N 56.133°ECoordinates: 59°14′N 56°08′E / 59.233°N 56.133°E
Political status
Country  Russia
Federal district Volga[1]
Economic region Urals[2]
Established December 1, 2005[3]
Administrative center Perm
Government (as of August 2010)
 - Governor[4] Viktor Basargin[5]
 - Legislature Legislative Assembly[6]
Statistics
Area (as of the 2002 Census)[7]
 - Total 160,600 km2 (62,000 sq mi)
Area rank 24th
Population (2010 Census)[8]
 - Total 2,635,276
 - Rank 17th
 - Density[9] 16.41/km2 (42.5/sq mi)
 - Urban 75.0%
 - Rural 25.0%
Time zone(s) YEKT (UTC+05:00)[10]
ISO 3166-2 RU-PER
License plates 59, 81, 159
Official languages Russian[11]
Official website

Perm Krai (Russian: Пе́рмский край, tr. Permsky kray; IPA: [ˈpʲɛrmskʲɪj ˈkraj]) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. The city of Perm is the administrative center. Population: 2,635,276 (2010 Census).[8]

Komi-Permyak Okrug retained its autonomous status within Perm Krai during the transitional period of 2006–2008. It also retained a budget separate from that of the krai, keeping all federal transfers. Starting in 2009, Komi-Permyak Okrug's budget became subject to the budgeting law of Perm Krai. The transitional period was implemented in part because Komi-Permyak Okrug relies heavily on federal subsidies, and an abrupt cut would have been detrimental to its economy.

Geography

Perm Krai is located in the east of the East European Plain and the western slope of the Middle Ural Mountains. 99.8% of its area is in Europe, 0.2% in Asia.

The krai borders the Komi Republic in the north, Kirov Oblast in the northwest, the Udmurt Republic in the southwest, the Republic of Bashkortostan in the south, and Sverdlovsk Oblast in the east.

The krai borders stretch for over 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi). The highest point is Mount Tulymsky Kamen at 1,496 metres (4,908 ft).

Rivers

Chusovaya River
Vishera River

Rivers of Perm Krai belong to the Kama River Basin, the largest tributary of Volga River. There are more than 29,000 rivers in Perm Krai. The total length of all rivers is more than 90,000 kilometres (56,000 mi).

Only two rivers in Perm Krai have lengths exceeding 500 kilometres (310 mi). They are the Kama River at 1,805 kilometres (1,122 mi) and the Chusovaya River, 592 kilometres (368 mi).

There are about 40 rivers with lengths from 100 to 500 kilometres (62 to 311 mi). The longest of them are:

There are also many small rivers, but some of them have historical significance, for example Yegoshikha River, in mouth of which city Perm was founded.

Climate

Perm krai has a continental climate. Winters are long and snowy, with average temperatures in January varying from −18 °C (0 °F) in the northeast part of krai to −15 °C (5 °F) in southwest part. The record lowest recorded temperature was −53 °C (−63 °F) (in the north).

Minerals

Salt dump in Solikamsk
Kungur Ice Cave

Perm Krai is rich with minerals, that can be explained its diverse relief in mountainous and flat parts. There are produced: oil, natural gas, gold, diamonds, chromites, peat, limestone, building materials and others.[12]

Oil in its area was first discovered in 1929 near settlement Verhnechusovskie Gorodki. Currently there are known more than 180 oil and gas fields. Among them are developed: 89 oil, 2 gas and 18 both oil and gas fields. Most of them are small and extracted in central and southern districts of krai. Northern fields a less developed because of deep lying of oil under salt layers.

Coal has been mined in Perm Krai for more than 200 years. For a long time it played an important role in the fuel and energy balance in the region. Maximum mining was in 1960 and reached 12 million tones, after it mining decrease and there are no exploration of new fields.

In Perm Krai is located Verkhnekamskoye deposit of potassium salts, one of the largest in the world. Its area is approx. 1,800 km² and the thickness of the salt layers reaches 514 m.

Flora and fauna

Forests cover about 71% of krai's area. Predominant are coniferous forests, percentage of deciduous forests increase from north to south. There are 62 species of mammals, more than 270 species of birds, 39 species of fishes, 6 species of reptile and 9 species of amphibians.

Located in Perm Krai are 3 nature reserves: Basegi, Vishera, Preduralie.

Politics

Perm Krai Legislative Assembly, July 2010

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Perm CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Perm Krai is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

Administrative divisions

Welcome sign at the border of Chernushinsky District

Administratively, the krai is divided into thirty-three districts, fourteen cities of krai significance, and one closed administrative-territorial formation. Six administrative districts are grouped into Komi-Permyak Okrug, which is an administrative unit with special status formed within Perm Krai as a result of the 2005 merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, both of which used to be the federal subjects.

Municipally, the territories of all administrative districts and those of nine cities of krai significance are incorporated as municipal districts. The remaining five cities are incorporated as urban okrugs.

Economy

Nonferrous metallurgy is based on ore processing Verkhnekamskoye potash deposit containing magnesium and rare metals. The factories are located in Berezniki (Titanium Magnesium Plant Corporation VSMPO) and Solikamsk (JSC Solikamsk magnesium plant).

In engineering plays an important role military production. The largest center of engineering is Perm; manufactured aircraft and rocket engines, oil field and mining equipment, Petrol motive-powered saws, communication equipment, vessels, cable and other products. The largest enterprises are Motovilikha Plants and Perm Motors. Timber Complex edge based on the use of the richest forest resources Prikamye. Logging facilities are located mainly in the north region.

Demographics

Kamskaya Hydroelectric power plant, Perm

According to the 2010 Census, the population of Perm Krai is 2,635,276;[8] down from 2,819,421 recorded in the 2002 Census,[13] and further down from 3,099,994 recorded in the 1989 Census.[14]

Ethnic groups, as of the 2010 Census, are:[8] Russians (87.1%), Komi-Permyaks (3.2%), Tatars (4.6%), Bashkirs (1,3%), Ukrainians (0,6%), Udmurts (0,8%), Belarusians (0,3%), Germans (0,3%) and others. Additionally, 119,538 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[15]

There are about 40,740 Bashkirs is Perm Krai, according to the 2002 Census. Most of them live in Bardymsky District, in basin of Tulva River and belong to tribe gaina.

Tatars live in almost all settlements of Perm Krai. There are several different ethnographical groups of Tatar people. In this territory for long time was active contacts between Tatars and Bashkins, so in some cases it’s difficult to delineate this ethnic groups, especially in such areas as Kuyedinsky District and Tulva River basin.[16][17]

Vital Statistics for 2007: Source

Vital statistics for 2012

Death rates in some of the remote and rural areas in Perm Krai are very high, never seen before during times other than major wars or natural calamities. Just five districts out of a total of 47 have a surplus of births over death in Perm Krai. The birth rate in Perm Krai is much higher compared to other European regions. For example, the birth rate for Germany was 8.3 per 1000 in 2007. Perm as a whole is having 50% higher birth rate, and even the district with the lowest birth rate is having 20% higher BR compared to Germany. In 2008, the birth rate in Perm Krai was 8% higher than that of 2007. Close to 35.5 thousand births were recorded with the heaviest increases in City of Perm (+11%) and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug (+18%). Among the districts, Kudymkar City recorded a 46% rise in birth rates for 2008 compared to 2007, while Usolsky recorded a 31% rise and Kyshertsky recorded a 29% rise. In 13 of the districts, there were more births than deaths, among them Ordynsky, Karagaysky, Kudimkar, Chernushynsky, Chaykovsky & Permsky.[19]

Total fertility rate:[20][21]
1995 - 1,31 | 2000 - 1,26 | 2005 - 1,34 | 2006 - 1,34 | 2007 - 1,47 | 2008 - 1,57 | 2009 - 1,61 | 2010 - 1,77 | 2011 - 1,78 | 2012 - 1,91 | 2013 - 1,93 | 2014 - 1,99(e)

Demographics for 2007

District Population Births Deaths BR DR NGR
Perm Krai 2,718,227 32,747 42,680 12.05 15.70 -0.37%
Bolshesosnovsky 14,292 219 268 15.32 18.75 -0.34%
Vereshchagynsky 43,410 710 744 16.36 17.14 -0.08%
Gornozavodsky 27,885 396 582 14.20 20.87 -0.65%
Yelovsky 12,299 176 229 14.31 18.62 -0.43%
Kochevsky 12,356 181 196 14.65 15.86 -0.12%
Ilyinsky 20,311 278 408 13.69 20.09 -0.64%
Karagaysky 23,907 360 381 15.06 15.94 -0.08%
Kishertsky 14,578 158 280 10.84 19.21 -0.83%
Krasnovishersky 26,287 335 455 12.74 17.31 -0.45%
Kuyedinsky 30,576 446 489 14.59 15.99 -0.14%
Kungursky 46,370 727 720 15.68 15.53 0.01%
Kudymkarsky 27,922 429 676 15.36 24.21 -0.88%
Nitvensky 45,552 656 858 14.40 18.84 -0.44%
Oktyabrsky 34,789 481 585 13.83 16.82 -0.30%
Ordinsky 16,185 247 241 15.26 14.89 0.04%
Osinsky 32,074 410 550 12.78 17.15 -0.44%
Okhansky 17,180 202 359 11.76 20.90 -0.91%
Ochyorsky 24,651 366 455 14.85 18.46 -0.36%
Permsky 87,342 1,275 1,383 14.60 15.83 -0.12%
Sivinsky 16,797 297 266 17.68 15.84 0.18%
Solikamsky 17,637 203 265 11.51 15.03 -0.35%
Suksunsky 20,925 294 349 14.05 16.68 -0.26%
Uynsky 12,631 180 212 14.25 16.78 -0.25%
Usolsky 13,788 176 299 12.76 21.69 -0.88%
Chastinsky 14,450 207 254 14.33 17.58 -0.33%
Cherdynsky 32,522 342 542 10.52 16.67 -0.61%
Gaynsky 16,106 214 268 13.29 16.64 -0.33%
Chernushinsky 52,231 811 638 15.53 12.21 0.33%
Perm 987,246 10,094 13,167 10.22 13.34 -0.31%
Alexandrovsky 34,554 427 662 12.36 19.16 -0.68%
Berezniki 165,950 1,822 2,484 10.98 14.97 -0.40%
Gremyachinsky 15,075 178 367 11.81 24.34 -1.25%
Gubakhinsky 40,086 448 826 11.18 20.61 -0.92%
Dobryansky 61,365 792 950 12.91 15.48 -0.26%
Kizelovsky 30,837 381 827 12.36 26.82 -1.43%
Krasnokamsky 40,393 816 1,264 20.20 31.29 -0.64%
Kungur 68,074 872 981 12.81 14.41 -0.16%
Lysvensky 82,921 1,016 1,598 12.25 19.27 -0.70%
Solikamsk 97,269 1,165 1,464 11.98 15.05 -0.30%
Chaykovsky 108,617 1,374 1,332 12.65 12.26 0.04%
Chusovskoy 73,314 879 1,531 11.99 20.88 -0.89%
Yurlinsky 11,046 200 253 18.11 22.90 -0.48%
Kosinsky 7,716 130 160 16.85 20.74 -0.38%
Yusvinsky 22,626 288 475 12.73 20.99 -0.82%
Kudymkar 30,964 385 511 12.43 16.50 -0.40%
Bardymsky 27,529 361 537 13.11 19.51 -0.64%
Beryozovsky 17,901 230 281 12.85 15.70 -0.28%

Religion

Religion in Perm Krai (2012)[22][23]

  Unaffiliated Christian (5%)
  Islam (4%)
  Rodnovery (2%)
  Other Orthodox (1%)
  Starovery (1%)
  Spiritual but not religious (24%)
  Atheist and non-religious (14%)
  Other and undeclared (8%)

As of a 2012 official survey[22] 43% of the population of Perm Krai adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% declares to be generically unaffiliated Christian (excluding Catholic and Protestant), 4% are Muslims, 2% are Rodnovers, 1% are Starovers, 1% follows other Orthodox Churches, 8% follows other religion or did not give an answer to the survey. In addition, 24% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" and 14% to be atheist.[22]

Major attractions

Perm State Art Gallery
Khokhlovka

Perm Krai is home of several museums:

Numerous architectural monuments are located in the small town of Usolye, in north of Perm Krai. Particularly important are the Saviour Cathedral, with a separate bell tower, and House of Stroganov.

There are many theaters in Perm, including the Perm Opera and Ballet Theater, the Perm Academic Theater, the Puppet Theater, the Theater for Young Spectators, the Theater "Near Bridge", and others.

There are many temples and convents in Perm Krai. The most significant of them are: Belogorsky Convent located in 85 km from Perm, Sludskaya Church, Fedosievskaya Church, Perm Mosque and others.

Ordinsky is home to the Orda underwater caves. Located near Orda village in Perm region, Ural, Orda Cave is also the biggest underwater gypsum crystal cave in the world.

References

  1. ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ↑ Федеральный конституционный закон №1-ФКЗ от 25 марта 2004 г «Об образовании в составе Российской Федерации нового субъекта Российской Федерации в результате объединения Пермской области и Коми-Пермяцкого автономного округа», в ред. федерального конституционного закона №1-ФКЗ от 12 апреля 2006 г. (Federal Constitutional Law #1-FKZ of March 25, 2004 On Establishment Within the Russian Federation of a New Federal Subject of the Russian Federation as a Result of the Merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, as amended by the Federal Constitutional Law #1-FKZ of April 12, 2006. ).
  4. ↑ Charter, Article 15.3
  5. ↑ Official website of Perm Krai. Viktor Fyodorovich Basargin, Governor of Perm Krai (Russian)
  6. ↑ Charter, Article 15.4
  7. ↑ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Территория, число районов, населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  9. ↑ The density value was calculated by dividing the population reported by the 2010 Census by the area shown in the "Area" field. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox is not necessarily reported for the same year as the population.
  10. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  11. ↑ Official on the whole territory of Russia according to Article 68.1 of the Constitution of Russia.
  12. ↑ Полезные ископаемые
  13. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  14. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года[All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  15. ↑ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
  16. ↑ Статья о башкирах на сайте РОО "Хомай"
  17. ↑ ТАТАРЫ. Энциклопедия «Пермский край»
  18. ↑ http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2012/demo/edn12-12.htm
  19. ↑ http://www.regnum.ru/news/1114845.html
  20. ↑ http://permstat.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/permstat/ru/statistics/population/
  21. ↑ http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b12_50/Main.htm
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Arena - Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia. Sreda.org
  23. ↑ 2012 Survey Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 24-09-2012.

Sources

External links

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