Penola, South Australia
| Penola South Australia | |||||||||||||
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Penola town centre | |||||||||||||
  Penola | |||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 37°22′0″S 140°50′0″E / 37.36667°S 140.83333°ECoordinates: 37°22′0″S 140°50′0″E / 37.36667°S 140.83333°E | ||||||||||||
| Population | 1,317 (2006 census)[1] | ||||||||||||
| Established | 1850 | ||||||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 5277 | ||||||||||||
| Elevation | 65 m (213 ft) | ||||||||||||
| Location | 388 km (241 mi) SE of Adelaide | ||||||||||||
| LGA(s) | Wattle Range Council | ||||||||||||
| State electorate(s) | MacKillop | ||||||||||||
| Federal Division(s) | Barker | ||||||||||||
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Penola is a town 388 km southeast of Adelaide in the heart of one of South Australia's most productive wine growing areas. Coonawarra lies just to the north and is renowned for the quality of its red wines. At the 2006 census, Penola had a population of 1,317.[1]
It is known as the central location in the life of Mary MacKillop (St. Mary of the Cross), the first Australian to gain Roman Catholic sainthood,[2] who alongside Julian Tenison Woods in 1866 established the first free Catholic school[3][4] using the Woods/MacKillop Catholic education system in Australia,[5] St. Joseph's School.[6] Woods and MacKillop also established in Penola 'her' order of nuns, the Congregation of the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart. The order, otherwise known as the 'Josephites' or 'Brown Joeys', continue to work with the poor and needy communities throughout the world today.[7]
History
The first Europeans to the area were the Austin brothers who arrived in 1840 and established a run of 109 square miles (282 km²). The first settlers were Scottish-born Alexander Cameron and his wife Margaret in January 1844 after obtaining an occupation licence. In April 1850, Cameron obtained 80 acres (0.3 km²) of freehold land (his station was on a pastoral lease) and established the private town of Panoola, later known as Penola.
By 1850, he had built the Royal Oak Hotel and was doing much business supplying liquor to the many travelers passing through to the Victoria goldfields. Penola Post Office opened around 1852.[8]
John Riddoch purchased Yallum in 1861. Riddoch grew up in poverty in the highlands of Scotland and in 1851 emigrated to try his luck on the Victoria goldfields. Within a few years he was a successful shopkeeper and wine merchant on the Geelong goldfields. He acquired 35,000 acres (142 km²) on which he ran 50,000 head of sheep.
It was Riddoch who planted the first grape vines and helped to diversify the pastoral economy of the area with an agricultural industry. In 1890, he established the Penola Fruit Growing Colony which was renamed Coonawarra in 1897.
In 2010, a strong tornado ripped through the township destroying at least four buildings and damaging many more.[9]
Climate
| Climate data for Penola | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 44.0 (111.2) |
44.1 (111.4) |
41.3 (106.3) |
34.6 (94.3) |
28.5 (83.3) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.6 (92.5) |
39.5 (103.1) |
42.9 (109.2) |
44.1 (111.4) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 26.3 (79.3) |
27.3 (81.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
21.0 (69.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.0 (68) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 11.8 (53.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
7.2 (45) |
5.2 (41.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
5.2 (41.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) |
2.3 (36.1) |
2.8 (37) |
0.0 (32) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−2.2 (28) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
0.2 (32.4) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25.2 (0.992) |
20.8 (0.819) |
33.2 (1.307) |
52.9 (2.083) |
71.2 (2.803) |
81.6 (3.213) |
101.9 (4.012) |
91.7 (3.61) |
76.6 (3.016) |
61.0 (2.402) |
46.3 (1.823) |
40.2 (1.583) |
702.6 (27.663) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) | 7.5 | 6.0 | 8.6 | 11.9 | 15.7 | 16.3 | 18.7 | 19.6 | 16.6 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 10.8 | 157 |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology[10] | |||||||||||||
Today
The Mary MacKillop Interpretive Centre is located in Penola. It is within close proximity to the two State Heritage sites of Petticoat Lane and the original stone schoolhouse developed by Mary MacKillop in conjunction with Father Julian Tenison Woods in the 1800s.
Penola is in the local government area of the Wattle Range Council. It is in the state electorate of MacKillop and the federal Division of Barker.
The town has an Australian Rules football team competing in the Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara Football League.[11]
Penola is also the name of a high school in Melbourne, named after the South Australian town due to its link to its patron saint Mary MacKillop.
Notable people
Penola has been home to some notable and interesting people. Among them Saint Mary MacKillop, poets John Shaw Neilson and Adam Lindsay Gordon, Father J.T. Woods, William Henry Ogilvie, Sara Douglass, Michael Graham and John Riddoch.
The Antarctic explorer John Riddoch Rymill was born in Penola, named his ship Penola and later successfully farmed the Old Penola Estate.[12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Penola (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 17 October 2011.
- ↑ "MacKillop to become Australia's first saint". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 December 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ "Sisters of St Joseph – Queensland Province – History". n.d. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ "Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart – South Australian Province – History". n.d. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ Foale, M. T. (2006). "Background to the Foundation of the Sisters of St Joseph & the Establishment of the Woods/MacKillop System of Catholic Education" (PDF). Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ "Mary MacKillop's Story". n.d. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ↑ "Sisters of St Joseph – About Us". n.d. Retrieved 20 December 2009.
- ↑ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ↑ "'Wicked' tornado rips through Penola". ABC News. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ↑ "Penola State Forest Reserve". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
- ↑ Full Points Footy. "Kowree-Naracoorte-Tatiara". Retrieved 2008-07-25.
- ↑ "Perennial Pastures on Old Penola Estate.". The Chronicle (Adelaide: National Library of Australia). 9 December 1954. p. 23. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
Further reading
- Hanna, Cliff. Corartwalla: A History of Penola, the Land and Its People (Magill Publications, 2001); 382pp isbn 0-9579652-0-6
External links
- South Australian History
- Bureau of Meteorology Data – Penola State Forest Reserve
- Wattle Range Council
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