Paula Gruden

Paula Gruden
Native name Pavla Gruden
Born 14 February 1921
Ljubljana, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
Died 26 January 2014 (aged 92)
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Occupation Poet
Language English, Slovene
Ethnicity Slovene
Citizenship Australian
Genre Haiku

Paula Gruden or Pavla Gruden (14 February 1921 – 26 January 2014)[1][2][3] was an Australian poet, translator, and editor of Slovene descent.

Gruden was born in Ljubljana, at the time a town in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. During the Second World War she was transported to Germany for forced labor,[4][2] and then she worked in Trieste as a secretary and translator for the Allied military administration.[2] Since 1948, she lived and worked as a writer in Sydney, Australia.[4][5] She founded the literary magazine Svobodni razgovori (Free Conversations) in 1982 and served as its editor.[6]

Gruden wrote in both English and her native Slovene.[6][7] Gruden also translated from Slovene and Serbo-Croatian.[8] She is known among the Slovene community and in Australian literary circles as a prolific writer of the haiku poetic form.[2][6] She was member of the Slovene Writers' Association.

Gruden has been included into several anthologies, among them Antologija slovenskih pesnic (The Anthology of Slovene Woman Poets; Založba Tuma, 2004), Zbornik avstralskih slovencev (Anthology of Australian Slovenes; Slovenian-Australian Literary & Art Circle, 1988), Album slovenskih književnikov (Album of Slovene Literati; Mladinska Knjiga, 2006), Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader (University of Sydney, 2010), and Fragments from Slovene Literature: An Anthology of Slovene Literature (Slovene Writers Association, 2005).

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Jurak, Mirko. 1990. Lipa šumi med evkalipti: izbor pesmi slovencev v Australiji. Ljubljana: Slovenska izseljenska matica, p. 103.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Suša, Barbara. 2002. "Pavla Gruden." Enciklopedija Slovenije, vol. 16. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 73.
  3. ↑ "Umrla je Pavla Gruden, pesniški glas Slovencev v Avstraliji" [Pavla Gruden, the Poetic Voice of the Slovenes in Australia, Dies] (in Slovenian). MMC RTV Slovenija. 27 January 2014.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kmecl, Matjaž. 1999. "Pavla Gruden." Sodobnost 38(6/7): 650.
  5. ↑ Žitnik, Janja & Helga Glušić. 1999. Slovenska izseljenska književnost, vol. 1. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, p. 274.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Maver, Igor. 2010. "Slovenian Migrant Literature in Australia: An Overview with a Reading of the Work of Jože Žohar." Sonia Mycak and Amit Sarwal, eds. Australian Made: A Multicultural Reader, pp. 173-199. Sydney: Sydney Universoty Press, p. 176.
  7. ↑ Žitnik, Janja. 2007. "Slovenian Emigre Literature: Ignored, Forgotten and Rediscovered." Marjan Drnovšek (ed.) Historical and Cultural Perspectives on Slovenian Migration, pp. 67–88. Ljubljana: ZRC, p. 74.
  8. ↑ Aarons, Mark, 2001. War Criminals Welcome: Australia, a Sanctuary for Fugitive War Criminals since 1945.Melbourne: Black Inc., p. 5.