Parvipelvia

Parvipelvia
Temporal range: Late Triassic-Late Cretaceous, 210–93.5Ma
Ichthyosaurus breviceps fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: †Ichthyosauria
Clade: †Euichthyosauria
Node: †Parvipelvia
Motani, 1999

Parvipelvia (Latin for "little pelvis" - parvus meaning "little" and pelvis meaning "pelvis") is an extinct clade of euichthyosaur ichthyosaurs from the Late Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous (middle Norian - Cenomanian) of Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. Named by Ryosuke Motani, in 1999, it contains the basal taxa like Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia.[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) found in their analysis seven synapomorphies that support Parvipelvia. They also found 10 synapomorphies that support the existence of post-Triassic clade of ichthyosaurs (all parvipelvians excluding Macgowania and Hudsonelpidia), for which the name Neoichthyosauria was found to be available.[2]

Phylogeny

Parvipelvia is a node-based taxon defined in 1999 as "the last common ancestor of Hudsonelpidia, Macgowania, Ichthyosaurus and all of its descendants".[1] Maisch and Matzke (2000) also defined Neoichthyosauria which is a node-based taxon originally named by P. Martin Sander in 2000, as "the last common ancestor of Temnodontosaurus trigonodon and Ophthalmosaurus icenicus and all of its descendants".[2] The cladograms below follows Motani (1999) and Maisch and Matzke (2000).[1][2]

Parvipelvia 

Macgowania

Hudsonelpidia

Suevoleviathan


Neoichthyosauria (by definition) 

Eurhinosauria

Temnodontosaurus

Thunnosauria






Parvipelvia 

Macgowania

Hudsonelpidia


Neoichthyosauria 

Temnodontosaurus

Leptopterygiidae

Suevoleviathan

Thunnosauria






References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ryosuke Motani (1999). "Phylogeny of the Ichthyopterygia" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19 (3): 472–495.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Michael W. Maisch and Andreas T. Matzke (2000). "The Ichthyosauria" (PDF). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde: Serie B 298: 1–159.