Paromomycin
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
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(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)- 4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)- 3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-oxan-2-yl] oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy- 3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol | |
| Clinical data | |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601098 |
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| Oral, intramuscular | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | None |
| Metabolism | None |
| Half-life | ? |
| Excretion | Fecal |
| Identifiers | |
1263-89-4  | |
| A07AA06 | |
| PubChem | CID 441375 |
| DrugBank |
DB01421 |
| ChemSpider |
390117 |
| ChEBI |
CHEBI:7934 |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL370143  |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C23H47N5O18S |
| 615.629 g/mol | |
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SMILES
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| (what is this?) (verify) | |
Paromomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, first isolated from Streptomyces krestomuceticus in the 1950s.[1] It was discovered by Parke Davis now Pfizer and introduced as Humatin in 1960.[2] It is also called monomycin and aminosidine;[3]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, a list of the most important medication needed in a basic health system.[4]
Medical uses
It is an antibiotic used to treat intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis[5] and amoebiasis,[6] and other diseases such as leishmaniasis.[7] Paromomycin was demonstrated to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical studies in the USSR in the 1960s, and in trials with visceral leishmaniasis in the early 1990s.[3]
The route of administration is intramuscular injection and capsule. Paromomycin topical cream with or without gentamicin is an effective treatment for ulcerative cutaneous leishmaniasis, according to the results of a phase-3, randomized, double-blind, parallel group–controlled trial.[8]
Mechanism
Paromomycin is a protein synthesis inhibitor in nonresistant cells by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA.[9] This broad-spectrum antibiotic soluble in water, is very similar in action to neomycin. Antimicrobial activity of paromomycin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus has been shown.[10]
References
- ↑ Davidson RN, den Boer M, Ritmeijer K (2008). "Paromomycin". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103 (7): 653–60. doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.09.008. PMID 18947845.
- ↑ Marshall Sittig (1988). Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia 1. Noyes Publications. p. 1166. ISBN 9780815511441.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Neal RA, Murphy AG, Olliaro P, Croft SL (1994). "Aminosidine ointments for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88 (2): 223–5. doi:10.1016/0035-9203(94)90307-7. PMID 8036682.
- ↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines". World Health Organization. October 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-22.
- ↑ Sweetman S, ed. (2002). Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference (33rd ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 978-0-85369-499-1.
- ↑ "paromomycin" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ↑ Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Sinha PK, Bhattacharya SK (2007). "Injectable paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis in India". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (25): 2571–81. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066536. PMID 17582067.
- ↑ Ben Salah A, Ben Messaoud N, Guedri E, Zaatour A, Ben Alaya N, Bettaieb J, Gharbi A, Belhadj Hamida N et al. (2013). "Topical Paromomycin with or without Gentamicin for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis". N. Engl. J. Med. 368 (6): 524–32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1202657. PMID 23388004.
- ↑ Vicens Q, Westhof E (2001). "Crystal Structure of Paromomycin Docked into the Eubacterial Ribosomal Decoding A Site". Structure 9 (8): 647–58. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00629-3. PMID 11587639.
- ↑ "Paromomycin" (pdf). Toku-E. 2010-01-12. Retrieved 2012-06-11.
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