Papadum

For the 2009 film, see Papadom (film).
"Appalam" redirects here. For the 2011 film, see Appalam (film).
Papadum

Jackfruit Happala from Bengaluru, India
Alternative names Papad, papar, pampad, happala, poppadam, appalam
Place of origin India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
Main ingredients Lentils, black gram, chickpeas, rice flour
Variations Rice or potato papad
Cookbook:Papadum  Papadum

Papadum or Papad (Tamil: பப்படம் Hindi: पापड़, Punjabi: ਪਾਪਡ, Nepali and Marathi: पापड, Gujarati: પાપડ, Kannada: ಹಪ್ಪಾಲ happala, Assamese and Bengali: পাপড papod, Malayalam: പപ്പടം pappatam, Telugu: అప్పడాలు appadalu, Urdu: پاپڑ‎) is a thin, crisp disc-shaped Indian and Pakistani food typically based on a seasoned dough made from black gram (urad flour), fried or cooked with dry heat. Flours made from other sources such as lentils, chickpeas, rice, tapioca or potato, can be used.

The food is also known as Papad/Papor in North India, Bangladesh and Pakistan; Appadam in Telugu; Appalam in Tamil; Happala in Kannada and Pappadum in the rest of South India.

Papadums are typically served as an accompaniment to a meal in India, or as an appetizer or snack, sometimes with toppings such as chopped onions, chopped carrots, chutneys or other dips and condiments. In certain parts of India, papadums which have been dried but not precooked are used in curries and vegetable dishes.

Etymology

Papadum is a loanword from Tamil பப்படம் pappaṭam.[1][2]

Alternative names for papadum
pāpaṛ pappad papparde pappadom
pappadum popadam pompadum poppadam
poppadom appadum appalum appala
appoll papari pamporo puppodum
pampad happala "popper"

Regions

Rolled spicy papadums India.

Papadum recipes vary from region to region and from family to family. They are typically made from flour or paste derived from either lentils, chickpeas, black gram (urad flour), rice, or potato.

In Kerala, guruvayoor pappadums are very popular as an ingredient of Kerala Sadhya. In Kerala, people from the Pandaaram caste prepare papadums. In North India, the lentil variety is more popular and is usually called 'papad'.

Salt and peanut oil are added to make a dough, which can be flavored with seasonings such as chili, cumin, garlic, or black pepper. Sometimes baking soda or slaked lime is also added. The dough is shaped into a thin, round flatbread and then dried (traditionally in the sun), and can be cooked by deep frying, roasting over an open flame, toasting, or microwaving, depending on the desired texture.

In most curry houses in the United Kingdom and Australia, they are served as an appetiser with dips which often include mango chutney and lime pickle.

Ingredients and preparation

Papad can be prepared from different ingredients and methods. Arguably the most popular recipe uses urad dal or blackgram. Blackgram flour is mixed with black pepper, salt and then mixture is kneaded together. A well-kneaded mixture is then flattened into thin rounds and kept for sun-drying. Once dried, papad can be stored for later consumption. Papad may also contain rice, jackfruit, sabudana, etc. as main ingredients. Cracked black pepper, red chilli powder, asafoetida, or cumin or sesame seeds are often used as flavouring agents.

Business

Papad is often associated with the empowerment of women in India.[3] Many individual and organized businesses run by women produce papad, pickles, and other snacks. This provides them regular income from minimal financial investments. Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad is an organization owned and run solely by women that produces large quantities of papadums on the open market which started as a small business in the late 1950s,[4][5] with an annual income in 2005 of about Rs.6.5 billion, or US$100 million. However, with the recent growth of modern trade in India and the growing consumer awareness, modern culinary brands like Happy Times have been gaining in popularity within this category.[6]

Spelling

Some divergence of transliteration may be noted in the third consonant in the Hindi/Urdu word pāpaṛ. The sound is the retroflex flap [ɽ], which is written in Hindi with the Devanagari letter ड़, and in Urdu script with the Perso-Arabic letter ڑ. Although in IAST the Hindi letter ड़ is transliterated as <ṛ>, popular or nonstandard transliterations of Hindi use <d> for this sound, because etymologically it derives from ड /ɖ/. The occurrence of this consonant in the word pāpaṛ has given rise to two alternative spellings in English: papad, which reflects its etymology, and papar (anglicized as "popper"), which reflects its phonology.

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ↑ "poppadom, n." OED Online. December 2006. Oxford University Press.<http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/147794?redirectedFrom=poppadum#>.
  2. ↑ http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/
  3. ↑ World Bank. "Empowering Women in Urban India: Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad" (.PDF). Empowerment Case Studies. World Bank. Retrieved 2012-09-23.
  4. ↑ Malathi Ramanathan. "Grassroots Developments in Women's Empowerment in India: Case Study of Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad (1959–2000)" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-01-15.
  5. ↑ "organization - The Beginning". Lijjat. Retrieved 2006-02-04.
  6. ↑ "Happy Times Pappadam".

External links

Media related to Papadums at Wikimedia Commons