Padma Vibhushan

Padma Vibhushan
Type Civilian
Category National
Instituted 1954
First awarded 1954
Last awarded 2015
Total awarded 303
Awarded by Government of India
Previous name(s) Pahela Varg
Ribbon
First awardee(s) Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, V. K. Krishna Menon
Last awardee(s) K. G. Subramanyan, Mario Miranda, Bhupen Hazarika, Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti, T. V. Rajeswar
Award rank
← Ashoka Chakra Award[1] Padma Bhushan[1] →

The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award in the Republic of India. It consists of a medal and a citation and is awarded by the President of India. It was established on 2 January 1954. It ranks behind the Bharat Ratna and comes before the Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. It is awarded to recognize exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field, including government service. The first recipients of this award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, and V. K. Krishna Menon in the year 1954.

History

The award was established by Presidential decree on 2 January 1954. The Padma Vibhushan was originally established as the Pahela Varg (First Class) of a three-class "Padma Vibhushan" awards. However the structure was changed in 1955 and there is no record of the award being presented to recipients in the original structure. The award was suspended between 1977 and 1980 and between 1992 and 1998.

As of 2015, only 303 people have thus far been awarded this honour.[2][3][4]

As of 2015, there are 105 living recipients. The oldest living recipient as of 2015 is S. I. Padmavati (age 97-98); the youngest living recipient is Sachin Tendulkar (age 41).

Medallion details

First medallion (1954–1955)

The initial medal was a circular gold medal, 1-3/8 inches in diameter, with an embossed lotus flower in the center and the legend "Padma Vibhushan" above and a floral wreath below. The obverse side had the Indian state emblem with the legend Desh Seva (National Service) above and a lotus wreath below. No record exists to show whether this design was used to present a medal to the awardees.

Second medallion (1955–1957)

In 1955, the badge design was altered to be a "mainly circular" 1-3/16-inch toned bronze badge with geometrical patterns. The center had a lotus flower with four major petals embossed in white gold. Above and below this flower, the name of the decoration Padma Vibhushan was embossed in silver-gilt.

Current medallion (1957–current)

In 1957, the badge design was retained but the material changed from toned bronze to burnished bronze.

Famous refusals

Although the Padma awards, including the Padma Vibhushan are the highest civilian awards in India and those selected for the award are famous for their contribution to Indian social, cultural, economic, political or other speheres of life, several noted public figures have refused the award on various grounds. In The eminent jurist and former Chief Justice of India J. S. Verma was awarded the Padma Bhushan posthumously in 2014. His family refused to accept the award as they believed Justice Verma in principle "was never a man to yearn or lobby for any acclaim, reward or favour.".[5]"[6]

Several artists including musicians and writers including S Janaki, Ustad Vilayat Khan, Romila Thapar, Sitara Devi and Phanishwarnath Renu have also refused various Padma awards due to various reasons, including personal pride and what has been described as 'national interest'.[7]

List of awardees

Year Recipient Image Birth/death Field Country
1954 Satyendra Nath Bose 1894–1974 Science & Engineering India
1954 Zakir Hussain  – 1897–1969 Public Affairs
1954 Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher  – 1888–1957 Public Affairs
1954 Jigme Dorji Wangchuk  – 1929–1972 Public Affairs Bhutan*
1954 Nand Lal Bose 1882–1966 Arts India
1954 V. K. Krishna Menon  – 1896–1974 Public Affairs
1955 Dhondo Keshav Karve  – 1858–1962 Literature & Education
1955 J. R. D. Tata  – 1904–1993 Trade & Industry
1956 Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi  – 1893–1981 Public Affairs
1956 Fazal Ali  – 1886–1959 Public Affairs
1956 Jankibai Bajaj  – 1893–1979 Social Work
1957 Ghanshyam Das Birla  – 1894–1983 Trade & Industry
1957 Motilal Chimanlal Setalvad  – 1884–1974 Law and Public affairs
1957 Shriprakash  – 1890–1971 Public Affairs
1959 John Matthai  – 1886–1959 Literature & Education
1959 Radhabinod Pal 1886–1967 Public Affairs
1959 Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta  – 1900–1974 Social Work
1960 Naryana Raghvan Pillai  – 1898–1992 Public Affairs
1962 H. Varda Raja Iyengar  – 1902-1978 Civil Service
1962 Padmaja Naidu  – 1900–1975 Public Affairs
1962 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit  – 1900–1990 Civil Service
1963 A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar  – 1887–1974 Medicine
1963 Suniti Kumar Chatterji  – 1890–1977 Literature & Education
1963 Hari Vinayak Pataskar  – 1892–1970 Public Affairs
1964 Gopinath Kaviraj  – 1887–1976 Literature & Education
1964 Acharya Kalelkar  – 1885–1981 Literature & Education
1965 Arjan Singh  – 1919 Military Service
1965 Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri  – 1908–1983 Military Service
1965 Mehdi Nawaz Jung  – 1894–1967 Public Affairs
1966 Valerian Gracias  – 1900–1978 Social Work
1967 Bhola Nath Jha  – Civil Service
1967 Chandra Kisan Daphtary  – 1893–1983 Public Affairs
1967 Hafix Mohammed Ibrahim  – Civil Service
1967 Pattadakal Venkanna R Rao  – Civil Service
1968 Madhav Shrihari Aney  – 1880–1968 Public Affairs
1968 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar  – 1910–1995 Science & Engineering United States*
1968 Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis  – 1893–1972 Statistical Science India
1968 K. Vaidyanatha Kalyana Sundaram 1904–1992 Public Affairs
1968 Kripal Singh  – Civil Service
1969 Hargobind Khorana  – 1922–2011 Science & Engineering United States*
1969 Mohan Sinha Mehta  – 1895-1986 Civil Service India
1969 Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi  – Civil Service
1969 Ghananand Pande  – 1902-1995 Civil Service
1969 Rajeshwar Dayal  – Civil Service
1970 Binay Ranjan Sen  – 1898–1993 Civil Service
1970 Tara Chand  – Literature & Education
1970 Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam  – 1913–2000 Civil Service
1970 Suranjan Das  – 1920–1970 Civil Service
1970 Harbaksh Singh  – 1913–1999 Military Service
1971 A. Rameswami Mudaliar  – 1887–1976 Civil Service
1970 Anthony Lancelot Dias  – 1910–2002 Public Affairs
1971 Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar  – 1899–1971 Medicine
1971 Balaram Sivaraman  – Civil Service
1971 Bimala Prasad Chaliha  – 1912–1971 Civil Service
1971 Uday Shankar 1900–1977 Arts
1971 Sumati Morarjee  – 1907–1998 Civil Service
1971 Allauddin Khan 1862–1972 Arts
1972 S. M. Nanda  – 1915–2009 Military Service
1972 Pratap Chandra Lal  – 1916–1982 Military Service
1972 Aditya Nath Jha  – 1911–1972 Public Affairs
1972 Jivraj Narayan Mehta  – 1887–1978 Public Affairs
1972 P. Balacharya Gajendragadkar  – 1901–1981 Public Affairs
1972 Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai 1919–1971 Science & Engineering
1972 Sam Manekshaw  – 1914–2008 Military Service
1972 Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq  – 1912–1971 Public Affairs
1972 Hormasji Maneckji Seervai  – 1906–1996 Law and Public affairs
1973 Daulat Singh Kothari 1905–1993 Science & Engineering
1973 Nagendra Singh  – 1914–1998 Public Affairs
1973 T. Swaminathan  – Civil Service
1973 U. N. Dhebar  – 1905–1977 Social Work
1973 Basanti Devi  – Civil Service
1973 Nellie Sengupta  – 1886–1973 Social Work
1974 V. Kasturi Ranga Varadarja Rao 1908–1991 Civil Service
1974 Benode Behari Mukherjee 1904–1980 Arts
1974 Harish Chandra Sarin  – 1914–1997 Civil Service
1974 Niren De  – Law and Public Affairs
1975 Basanti Dulal Nag Chaudhuri  – 1917–2006 Literature & Education
1975 Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh 1896–1982 Public Affairs
1975 Durgabai Deshmukh  – 1909–1981 Social Work
1975 Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey  – 1894–1977 Literature & Education
1975 Raja Ramanna 1925–2004 Science & Engineering
1975 Homi Nusserwanji Sethna  – 1923–2010 Civil Service
1975 M.S. Subbulakshmi  – 1916–2004 Arts
1975 Mary Clubwala Jadhav  – 1909–1975 Social Work
1976 Bashir Hussain Zaidi  – 1898–1992 Literature & Education
1976 Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan  – 1893–1984 Science & Engineering
1976 Kalu Lal Shrimali  – 1909–2000 Literature & Education
1976 Giani Gurmukh Singh Mussafir  – 1899–1976 Literature & Education
1976 Keshava Shankar Pillai  – 1902–1989 Arts
1976 Salim Moizuddin Ali Abdul 1896–1987 Science & Engineering
1976 Satyajit Ray 1921–1992 Arts
1977 Om Prakash Mehra  – 1919 Military Service
1977 Ajudhia Nath Khosla  – 1892–1984 Civil Service
1977 Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee  – 1901–1986 Public Affairs
1977 Ali Yavar Jung  – 1906–1976 Public Affairs
1977 Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh  – 1901–1993 Literature & Education
1977 T. Balasaraswati  – 1918–1984 Arts
1980 Rai Krishnadasa  – 1925 Civil Service
1980 Bismillah Khan 1916–2006 Arts
1981 Satish Dhawan  – 1920–2002 Science & Engineering
1981 Ravi Shankar 1920–2012 Arts
1982 Mira Behn  – 1892–1982 Social Work United Kingdom*
1985 C. N. R. Rao 1934 Science & Engineering India
1985 Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Menon  – 1928 Civil Service
1986 Autar Singh Paintal  – 1925–2004 Medicine
1986 Birju Maharaj 1938 Arts
1986 Baba Amte  – 1914–2008 Social Work
1987 Benjamin Peary Pal  – 1906–1989 Science & Engineering
1987 Manmohan Singh 1932 Civil Service
1987 Arun Shridhar Vaidya  – 1926–1986 Military Service
1987 Kamladevi Chattopadhyay  – 1903–1988 Social Work
1988 Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa  – 1904–1994 Literature & Education
1988 Mirza Hameedullah Beg  – 1913–1985 Law and Public Affairs
1988 Mahadevi Verma 1907–1987 Literature & Education
1989 M. S. Swaminathan 1925 Science & Engineering
1989 Umashankar Dikshit  – 1901–1991 Public Affairs
1989 Ali Akbar Khan 1922–2009 Arts
1990 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 1931 Science & Engineering
1990 Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer  – 1908–2003 Arts
1990 Vallmpadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam  – 1935 Science & Engineering
1990 Bhabatosh Dutta  – 1911–1997 Literature & Education
1990 Kumar Gandharva  – 1924–1992 Arts
1990 Triloki Nath Chaturvedi  – 1928 Civil Service
1991 Indraprasad Gordhanbhai Patel 1924–2005 Science & Engineering
1991 M. Balamuralikrishna 1930 Arts
1991 Hiren Mukerjee  – 1907–2004 Public Affairs
1991 N. G. Ranga  – 1900–1995 Public Affairs
1991 Rajaram Shastri  – 1904–1991 Literature & Education
1991 Gulzari Lal Nanda  – 1898–1998 Public Affairs
1991 Khusro Faramurz Rustamji  – 1916–2003 Civil Service
1991 M.F. Husain 1915–2011 Arts
1992 Mallikarjun Mansur  – 1910–1992 Arts
1992 V. Shantaram  – 1901–1990 Arts
1992 Sivaramakrishna Iyer Padmavati  – 1917 Medicine
1992 Lakshmanshastri Joshi  – 1901–1994 Literature & Education
1992 Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1924 Public Affairs
1992 Govinddas Shroff  – Literature & Education
1992 Kaloji Narayana Rao  – 1914–2002 Arts
1992 Ravi Narayan Reddy  – 1908–1991 Public Affairs
1992 Sardar Swaran Singh  – 1907–1994 Public Affairs
1992 Aruna Asaf Ali  – 1909–1996 Public Affairs
1998 Lakshmi Sahgal 1914–2012 Public Affairs
1998 Usha Mehta  – 1920–2000 Social Work
1998 Nani Ardeshir Palkhivala  – 1920–2002 Law and Public Affairs
1998 Walter Sisulu  – 1912–2003 Public Affairs South Africa
1999 Rajagopala Chidambaram 1936 Science & Engineering India
1999 Sarvepalli Gopal  – 1923–2002 Literature & Education
1999 Verghese Kurien  – 1921–2012 Science & Engineering
1999 Hans Raj Khanna  – 1912–2008 Public Affairs
1999 V. R. Krishna Iyer 1915-2014 Law and Public Affairs
1999 Lata Mangeshkar 1929 Arts
1999 Bhimsen Joshi  – 1922–2011 Arts
1999 Braj Kumar Nehru  – 1909–2001 Civil Service
1999 Dharma Vira  – 1906–2001 Civil Service
1999 Lallan Prasad Singh*  – 1912–1998 Civil Service
1999 Nana Deshmukh  – 1916–2010 Social Work
1999 Pandurang Shastri Athavale  – 1920–2003 Social Work
1999 Satish Gujral  – 1925 Arts
1999 D. K. Pattammal  – 1919–2009 Arts
2000 Krishen Behari Lall  – 1917–2005 Civil Service
2000 Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan 1940 Science & Engineering
2000 Manohar Singh Gill Civil Service
2000 Kelucharan Mohapatra  – 1926–2004 Arts
2000 Hari Prasad Chaurasia 1938 Arts
2000 Jasraj 1930 Arts
2000 Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati 1934 Literature & Education
2000 Kakkadan Nandanath Raj  – 1924–2010 Literature & Education
2000 Bhairab Dutt Pande  – 1917–2009 Civil Service
2000 Maidavolu Narasimham  – 1927 Trade & Industry
2000 R. K. Narayan  – 1906–2001 Literature & Education
2000 Sikander Bakht  – 1918–2004 Public Affairs
2000 Tarlok Singh  – 1912–2005 Civil Service
2001 Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao 1920 Science & Engineering United States*
2001 Chakravarthi Vijayaraghava Narasimhan  – 1915–2003 Civil Service India
2001 Shivkumar Sharma 1938 Arts
2001 Man Mohan Sharma  – 1937 Science & Engineering
2001 Amjad Ali Khan 1945 Arts
2001 Benjamin Arthur Gilman 1922 Public Affairs United States*
2001 Hosei Norota  – 1929 Public Affairs Japan*
2001 Hrishikesh Mukherjee  – 1922–2006 Arts India
2001 John Kenneth Galbraith 1908–2006 Literature & Education United States*
2001 Kotha Satchidanda Murthy  – 1924 Literature & Education India
2001 Zubin Mehta 1936 Arts
2002 Chakravthi Rangarajan  – 1932 Literature & Education
2002 Gangubai Hangal 1913–2009 Arts
2002 Kishan Maharaj  – 1923–2008 Arts
2002 Soli Jehangir Sorabjee  – 1930 Law
2002 Kishori Amonkar  – 1932 Arts
2003 Bal Ram Nanda  – 1917–2010 Literature & Education
2003 Kazi Lhendup Dorji Kangsarpa  – 1904–2007 Public Affairs
2003 Sonal Mansingh 1944 Arts
2003 Bhrihaspati Dev Triguna  – 1920 Medicine
2004 Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah  – 1929 Law and Public Affairs
2004 Amrita Pritam 1919–2005 Literature & Education
2004 Jayant Vishnu Narlikar 1938 Science & Engineering
2005 B. K. Goyal  – 1935 Medicine
2005 Karan Singh 1931 Public Affairs
2005 Mohan Dharia  – 1925 Social Work
2005 Ram Narayan 1927 Arts
2005 Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan 1934 Medicine
2005 Jyotindra Nath Dixit  – 1936–2005 Civil Service
2005 Milon Kumar Banerji  – 1928–2010 Law and Public Affairs
2005 R. K. Laxman  – 1921-2015 Arts
2006 Norman E. Borlaug 1914–2009 Science & Engineering United States*
2006 V. N. Khare  – 1939 Law and Public Affairs India
2006 Mahasveta Devi 1926 Literature & Education
2006 Nirmala Deshpande 1929–2008 Social Work
2006 Obaid Siddiqui  – 1932-2013 Science & Engineering
2006 Prakash Narain Tandon  – 1928 Medicine
2006 Adoor Gopalakrishnan 1941 Arts
2006 C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao  – 1927 Civil Service
2006 Charles Correa  – 1930 Science & Engineering
2007 Raja Jesudoss Chelliah  – 1922–2009 Public Affairs
2007 Venkataraman Krishnamurthy  – Civil Service
2007 Balu Sankaran  – 1926 Medicine
2007 Fali Sam Nariman  – 1929 Law and Public Affairs
2007 Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati  – 1921 Law and Public Affairs
2007 Khushwant Singh 1915-2014 Literature & Education
2007 Raja Rao  – 1908–2006 Literature & Education United States
2007 N.N. Vohra  – 1936 Civil Service India
2007 Naresh Chandra  – 1934 Civil Service
2007 Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan  – 1931 Science & Engineering United States*
2007 Viswanathan Anand 1969 Sports India
2007 Rajendra K. Pachauri 1940 Environmentalism
2008 N. R. Narayana Murthy 1946 Information Technology
2008 E. Sreedharan  – 1932 Civil Service
2008 Lakshmi Niwas Mittal 1950 Trade & Industry
2008 Adarsh Sein Anand  – 1936 Public Affairs
2008 P. N. Dhar  – 1919–2012 Civil Service
2008 P. R. S. Oberoi  – 1929 Trade & Industry
2008 Asha Bhosle 1933 Arts
2008 Edmund Hillary 1919–2008 Mountaineering New Zealand*
2008 Ratan Tata 1937 Trade & Industry India
2008 Pranab Mukherjee 1935 Public affairs
2008 Sachin Tendulkar 1973 Sports
2009 Chandrika Prasad Srivastava  – 1920-2013 Civil Service
2009 Sunderlal Bahuguna  – 1927 Environmental Conservation
2009 D. P. Chattopadhyaya  – 1933 Literature & Education
2009 Jasbir Singh Bajaj  – Medicine
2009 Purshotam Lal  – 1954 Medicine
2009 Govind Narain  – 1916–2012 Public Affairs
2009 Anil Kakodkar 1943 Science & Engineering
2009 Dr. G. Madhavan Nair  – 1943 Science & Engineering
2009 Sister Nirmala 1934 Social Work
2009 A. S. Ganguly  – 1935 Trade & Industry
2010 Ebrahim Alkazi  – 1925 Arts
2010 Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman 1935 Arts
2010 Zohra Sehgal  – 1912-2014 Arts
2010 Y. Venugopal Reddy  – 1941 Law and Public affairs
2010 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 1952 Science & Engineering United Kingdom*
2010 Prathap C. Reddy 1933 Trade & Industry India
2011 Akkineni Nageshwara Rao 1924-2014 Arts
2011 Kapila Vatsyayan 1928 Arts
2011 Homai Vyarawalla  – 1913–2012 Arts
2011 Parasaran Kesava Iyenger  – 1927 Public Affairs
2011 AR Kidwai  – 1920 Public Affairs
2011 Vijay Kelkar  – 1942 Public Affairs
2011 Montek Singh Ahluwalia 1943 Public Affairs
2011 Palle Rama Rao  – 1937 Science
2011 Amjad Ali Khan  – 1945 Arts
2011 Azim Premji 1945 Trade & Industry
2011 Brajesh Mishra  – 1928-2012 Civil Service
2011 Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup 1931 Literature
2011 Sitakant Mahapatra 1937 Literature
2011 Lakshmi Chand Jain  – 1925–2010 Public Affairs
2012 K. G. Subramanyan  – 1924 Arts
2012 Mario Miranda* 1926–2011 Arts
2012 Bhupen Hazarika* 1926–2011 Arts
2012 Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti  – 1936 Medicine
2012 T. V. Rajeswar  – 1926 Civil Service
2013 Yash Pal 1926 Science & Engineering
2013 Roddam Narasimha 1933 Science & Engineering
2013 Raghunath Mohapatra  – 1933 Arts
2013 Syed Haider Raza  – 1922 Arts
2014 Raghunath Anant Mashelkar 1943 Science & Engineering
2014 B. K. S. Iyengar 1918 -2014 Yoga
2015 L. K. Advani 1927 Public Affairs
2015 Amitabh Bachchan 1942 Art
2015 Parkash Singh Badal 1927 Public Affairs
2015 Veerendra Heggade 1948 Social Work
2015 Dilip Kumar 1922 Art
2015 Rambhadracharya 1950 Other
2015 M.R. Srinivasan  – 1930 Science & Engineering
2015 Kottayan Katankot Venugopal 1931 Public Affairs
2015 Aga Khan IV 1936 Trade and Industry France/United Kingdom*

Note: * denotes awardees in the category of Foreigners/ NRIs/ PIOs/Posthumous.[3][8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Precedence Of Medals". http://indianarmy.nic.in/''. Indian Army. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  2. ↑ "Padma Vibhushan Awardees". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "This Year's Padma Awards announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010.
  4. ↑ "Padma Awards 2015". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 2015-01-25.
  5. ↑ JS Verma's family refuses Padma Award
  6. ↑ Modi calls for Yoga Day in US General Assembly
  7. ↑ People Who Have Refused Padma Awards
  8. ↑ "Padma Awards Announced (2012)". Press and Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 25 January 2012.

External links

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