PPP5C
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 5 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP5C gene.[1][2]
Model organisms
| Characteristic | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| Homozygote viability | Normal |
| Homozygous Fertility | Normal |
| Body weight | Abnormal[3] |
| Anxiety | Normal |
| Neurological assessment | Normal |
| Grip strength | Normal |
| Hot plate | Normal |
| Dysmorphology | Normal[4] |
| Indirect calorimetry | Abnormal[5] |
| Glucose tolerance test | Normal |
| Auditory brainstem response | Normal |
| DEXA | Abnormal[6] |
| Radiography | Abnormal[7] |
| Body temperature | Normal |
| Eye morphology | Normal |
| Clinical chemistry | Normal |
| Plasma immunoglobulins | Normal |
| Haematology | Normal |
| Peripheral blood lymphocytes | Abnormal[8] |
| Micronucleus test | Normal |
| Heart weight | Normal |
| Tail epidermis wholemount | Normal |
| Skin Histopathology | Normal |
| Brain histopathology | Normal |
| MicroCT & Quantitative Faxitron | Normal |
| Citrobacter infection | Normal[9] |
| All tests and analysis from[10][11] |
Model organisms have been used in the study of PPP5C function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Ppp5ctm1a(EUCOMM)Wtsi[12][13] was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists.[14][15][16]
Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion.[10][17] Twenty five tests were carried out on mutant mice and five significant abnormalities were observed.[10] Homozygous mutant males had decreased body weight, body length and respiratory quotient. Both sexes had increased T cell numbers and a range of skeletal abnormalities identified by radiography.[10]
Interactions
PPP5C has been shown to interact with ASK1,[18] CRY2[19] GNA12.[20] and Rac1,[21]
References
- ↑ Yong WH, Ueki K, Chou D, Reeves SA, von Deimling A, Gusella JF, Mohrenweiser HW, Buckler AJ, Louis DN (August 1996). "Cloning of a highly conserved human protein serine-threonine phosphatase gene from the glioma candidate region on chromosome 19q13.3". Genomics 29 (2): 533–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.9972. PMID 8666404.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: PPP5C Protein phosphatase 5, catalytic subunit".
- ↑ "Body weight data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Dysmorphology data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Indirect calorimetry data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "DEXA data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Radiography data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Peripheral blood lymphocytes data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "Citrobacter infection data for Ppp5c". Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: High throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
- ↑ Mouse Resources Portal, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
- ↑ "International Knockout Mouse Consortium".
- ↑ "Mouse Genome Informatics".
- ↑ Skarnes, W. C.; Rosen, B.; West, A. P.; Koutsourakis, M.; Bushell, W.; Iyer, V.; Mujica, A. O.; Thomas, M.; Harrow, J.; Cox, T.; Jackson, D.; Severin, J.; Biggs, P.; Fu, J.; Nefedov, M.; De Jong, P. J.; Stewart, A. F.; Bradley, A. (2011). "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature 474 (7351): 337–342. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMC 3572410. PMID 21677750.
- ↑ Dolgin E (2011). "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature 474 (7351): 262–3. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
- ↑ Collins FS, Rossant J, Wurst W (2007). "A Mouse for All Reasons". Cell 128 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
- ↑ van der Weyden L, White JK, Adams DJ, Logan DW (2011). "The mouse genetics toolkit: revealing function and mechanism.". Genome Biol 12 (6): 224. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-224. PMC 3218837. PMID 21722353.
- ↑ Morita, K; Saitoh M; Tobiume K; Matsuura H; Enomoto S; Nishitoh H; Ichijo H (November 2001). "Negative feedback regulation of ASK1 by protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) in response to oxidative stress". EMBO J. (England) 20 (21): 6028–36. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.21.6028. ISSN 0261-4189. PMC 125685. PMID 11689443.
- ↑ Zhao, S; Sancar A (November 1997). "Human blue-light photoreceptor hCRY2 specifically interacts with protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5 and modulates its activity". Photochem. Photobiol. (UNITED STATES) 66 (5): 727–31. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03214.x. ISSN 0031-8655. PMID 9383998.
- ↑ Yamaguchi, Yoshiaki; Katoh Hironori; Mori Kazutoshi; Negishi Manabu (August 2002). "Galpha(12) and Galpha(13) interact with Ser/Thr protein phosphatase type 5 and stimulate its phosphatase activity". Curr. Biol. (England) 12 (15): 1353–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01034-5. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 12176367.
- ↑ Chatterjee, A; Wang L; Armstrong DL; Rossie S (February 2010). "Activated Rac1 GTPase translocates protein phosphatase 5 to the cell membrane and stimulates phosphatase activity in vitro". J. Biol. Chem. 285 (6): 3872–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.088427. PMC 2823530. PMID 19948726.
Further reading
- Chen MX, McPartlin AE, Brown L et al. (1994). "A novel human protein serine/threonine phosphatase, which possesses four tetratricopeptide repeat motifs and localizes to the nucleus.". EMBO J. 13 (18): 4278–90. PMC 395355. PMID 7925273.
- Skinner J, Sinclair C, Romeo C, Armstrong D, Charbonneau H, Rossie S (1997). "Purification of a fatty acid-stimulated protein-serine/threonine phosphatase from bovine brain and its identification as a homolog of protein phosphatase 5.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (36): 22464–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.36.22464. PMID 9278397.
- Shah BH, Catt KJ (2007). "Protein phosphatase 5 as a negative key regulator of Raf-1 activation.". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17 (10): 382–4. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2006.10.013. PMID 17084641.
- Goedert M, Cohen ES, Jakes R, Cohen P (1992). "p42 MAP kinase phosphorylation sites in microtubule-associated protein tau are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A1. Implications for Alzheimer's disease [corrected]". FEBS Lett. 312 (1): 95–9. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)81418-L. PMID 1330687.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- Xu X, Lagercrantz J, Zickert P et al. (1996). "Chromosomal localization and 5' sequence of the human protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5' gene.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 218 (2): 514–7. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1996.0092. PMID 8561788.
- Silverstein AM, Galigniana MD, Chen MS et al. (1997). "Protein phosphatase 5 is a major component of glucocorticoid receptor.hsp90 complexes with properties of an FK506-binding immunophilin.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (26): 16224–30. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.26.16224. PMID 9195923.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Zhao S, Sancar A (1998). "Human blue-light photoreceptor hCRY2 specifically interacts with protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5 and modulates its activity.". Photochem. Photobiol. 66 (5): 727–31. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1997.tb03214.x. PMID 9383998.
- Ollendorff V, Donoghue DJ (1998). "The serine/threonine phosphatase PP5 interacts with CDC16 and CDC27, two tetratricopeptide repeat-containing subunits of the anaphase-promoting complex.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (51): 32011–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32011. PMID 9405394.
- Das AK, Cohen PW, Barford D (1998). "The structure of the tetratricopeptide repeats of protein phosphatase 5: implications for TPR-mediated protein-protein interactions.". EMBO J. 17 (5): 1192–9. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.5.1192. PMC 1170467. PMID 9482716.
- Russell LC, Whitt SR, Chen MS, Chinkers M (1999). "Identification of conserved residues required for the binding of a tetratricopeptide repeat domain to heat shock protein 90.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (29): 20060–3. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.29.20060. PMID 10400612.
- Lubert EJ, Hong Y, Sarge KD (2001). "Interaction between protein phosphatase 5 and the A subunit of protein phosphatase 2A: evidence for a heterotrimeric form of protein phosphatase 5.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (42): 38582–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106906200. PMID 11504734.
- Morita K, Saitoh M, Tobiume K et al. (2001). "Negative feedback regulation of ASK1 by protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) in response to oxidative stress.". EMBO J. 20 (21): 6028–36. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.21.6028. PMC 125685. PMID 11689443.
- Sanchez-Ortiz E, Hahm BK, Armstrong DL, Rossie S (2009). "Protein phosphatase 5 protects neurons against amyloid-beta toxicity.". J. Neurochem. 111 (2): 391–402. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06337.x. PMC 3044491. PMID 19686245.
- Yamaguchi Y, Katoh H, Mori K, Negishi M (2003). "Galpha(12) and Galpha(13) interact with Ser/Thr protein phosphatase type 5 and stimulate its phosphatase activity.". Curr. Biol. 12 (15): 1353–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01034-5. PMID 12176367.
- Gentile S, Darden T, Erxleben C, Romeo C, Russo A, Martin N, Rossie S, Armstrong DL (2006). "Rac GTPase signaling through the PP5 protein phosphatase.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103 (13): 5202–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600080103. PMC 1458818. PMID 16549782.
- Liu F, Zaidi T, Iqbal K et al. (2003). "Aberrant glycosylation modulates phosphorylation of tau by protein kinase A and dephosphorylation of tau by protein phosphatase 2A and 5.". Neuroscience 115 (3): 829–37. doi:10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00510-9. PMID 12435421.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
- Urban G, Golden T, Aragon IV et al. (2003). "Identification of a functional link for the p53 tumor suppressor protein in dexamethasone-induced growth suppression.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (11): 9747–53. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210993200. PMID 12519780.
- Tomsig JL, Snyder SL, Creutz CE (2003). "Identification of targets for calcium signaling through the copine family of proteins. Characterization of a coiled-coil copine-binding motif.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (12): 10048–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212632200. PMID 12522145.
- Matsuda A, Suzuki Y, Honda G et al. (2003). "Large-scale identification and characterization of human genes that activate NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways.". Oncogene 22 (21): 3307–18. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1206406. PMID 12761501.
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