PLD2
Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene.[1][2]
Function
Phosphatidylcholine (PC)-specific phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyze the hydrolysis of PC to produce phosphatidic acid and choline. Activation of PC-specific PLDs occurs as a consequence of agonist stimulation of both tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors. PC-specific PLDs have been proposed to function in regulated secretion, cytoskeletal reorganization, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle control.[supplied by OMIM][3]
Interactions
PLD2 has been shown to interact with:
- ARF1,[4][5]
- Aldolase A,[6]
- Amphiphysin,[7]
- BIN1,[7]
- Caveolin 1,[8][9]
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase,[10]
- PLCG1,[11]
- PRKCD,[12]
- Src,[13] and
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.[14]
Inhibitors
- N-(2-(1-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)ethyl)-2-naphthamide: 75-fold selective versus PLD1, IC50 = 20 nM.[15]
References
- ↑ Park SH, Ryu SH, Suh PG, Kim H (February 1999). "Assignment of human PLD2 to chromosome band 17p13.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet 82 (3–4): 225. doi:10.1159/000015106. PMID 9858823.
- ↑ Lopez I, Arnold RS, Lambeth JD (June 1998). "Cloning and initial characterization of a human phospholipase D2 (hPLD2). ADP-ribosylation factor regulates hPLD2". J Biol Chem 273 (21): 12846–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.21.12846. PMID 9582313.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: PLD2 phospholipase D2".
- ↑ Lee S, Park JB, Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim JH, Shin KJ et al. (July 2001). "Actin directly interacts with phospholipase D, inhibiting its activity". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (30): 28252–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008521200. PMID 11373276.
- ↑ Park JB, Kim JH, Kim Y, Ha SH, Yoo JS, Du G et al. (July 2000). "Cardiac phospholipase D2 localizes to sarcolemmal membranes and is inhibited by alpha-actinin in an ADP-ribosylation factor-reversible manner". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (28): 21295–301. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002463200. PMID 10801846.
- ↑ Kim JH, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee TG, Hirata M, Suh PG et al. (March 2002). "Phospholipase D2 directly interacts with aldolase via Its PH domain". Biochemistry 41 (10): 3414–21. doi:10.1021/bi015700a. PMID 11876650.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lee C, Kim SR, Chung JK, Frohman MA, Kilimann MW, Rhee SG (June 2000). "Inhibition of phospholipase D by amphiphysins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (25): 18751–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001695200. PMID 10764771.
- ↑ Zheng X, Bollinger Bollag W (December 2003). "Aquaporin 3 colocates with phospholipase d2 in caveolin-rich membrane microdomains and is downregulated upon keratinocyte differentiation". J. Invest. Dermatol. 121 (6): 1487–95. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1747.2003.12614.x. PMID 14675200.
- ↑ Czarny M, Fiucci G, Lavie Y, Banno Y, Nozawa Y, Liscovitch M (February 2000). "Phospholipase D2: functional interaction with caveolin in low-density membrane microdomains". FEBS Lett. 467 (2-3): 326–32. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01174-1. PMID 10675563.
- ↑ Kim JH, Lee S, Park JB, Lee SD, Kim JH, Ha SH et al. (June 2003). "Hydrogen peroxide induces association between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phospholipase D2 to facilitate phospholipase D2 activation in PC12 cells". J. Neurochem. 85 (5): 1228–36. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01755.x. PMID 12753082.
- ↑ Jang IH, Lee S, Park JB, Kim JH, Lee CS, Hur EM et al. (May 2003). "The direct interaction of phospholipase C-gamma 1 with phospholipase D2 is important for epidermal growth factor signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (20): 18184–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208438200. PMID 12646582.
- ↑ Han JM, Kim JH, Lee BD, Lee SD, Kim Y, Jung YW et al. (March 2002). "Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of phospholipase D2 by protein kinase C delta in rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8290–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108343200. PMID 11744693.
- ↑ Ahn BH, Kim SY, Kim EH, Choi KS, Kwon TK, Lee YH et al. (May 2003). "Transmodulation between phospholipase D and c-Src enhances cell proliferation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (9): 3103–15. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.9.3103-3115.2003. PMC 153190. PMID 12697812.
- ↑ Kantonen S, Hatton N, Mahankali M, Henkels KM, Park H, Cox D et al. (November 2011). "A novel phospholipase D2-Grb2-WASp heterotrimer regulates leukocyte phagocytosis in a two-step mechanism". Mol. Cell. Biol. 31 (22): 4524–37. doi:10.1128/MCB.05684-11. PMC 3209255. PMID 21930784.
- ↑ Lavieri RR, Scott SA, Selvy PE, Kim K, Jadhav S, Morrison RD et al. (September 2010). "Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Halogenated N-(2-(4-Oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl)ethyl)benzamides: Discovery of an Isoform-Selective Small Molecule Phospholipase D2 Inhibitor". J. Med. Chem. 53 (18): 6706–19. doi:10.1021/jm100814g. PMC 3179181. PMID 20735042.
Further reading
- Sundaram M, Cook HW, Byers DM (2004). "The MARCKS family of phospholipid binding proteins: regulation of phospholipase D and other cellular components". Biochem. Cell Biol. 82 (1): 191–200. doi:10.1139/o03-087. PMID 15052337.
- McDermott M, Wakelam MJ, Morris AJ (2004). "Phospholipase D". Biochem. Cell Biol. 82 (1): 225–53. doi:10.1139/o03-079. PMID 15052340.
- Colley WC, Sung TC, Roll R, Jenco J, Hammond SM, Altshuller Y et al. (1997). "Phospholipase D2, a distinct phospholipase D isoform with novel regulatory properties that provokes cytoskeletal reorganization". Curr. Biol. 7 (3): 191–201. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(97)70090-3. PMID 9395408.
- Steed PM, Clark KL, Boyar WC, Lasala DJ (1998). "Characterization of human PLD2 and the analysis of PLD isoform splice variants". FASEB J. 12 (13): 1309–17. PMID 9761774.
- Slaaby R, Jensen T, Hansen HS, Frohman MA, Seedorf K (1999). "PLD2 complexes with the EGF receptor and undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at a single site upon agonist stimulation". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (50): 33722–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.50.33722. PMID 9837959.
- Czarny M, Fiucci G, Lavie Y, Banno Y, Nozawa Y, Liscovitch M (2000). "Phospholipase D2: functional interaction with caveolin in low-density membrane microdomains". FEBS Lett. 467 (2–3): 326–32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01174-1. PMID 10675563.
- Lee C, Kim SR, Chung JK, Frohman MA, Kilimann MW, Rhee SG (2000). "Inhibition of phospholipase D by amphiphysins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (25): 18751–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001695200. PMID 10764771.
- Park JB, Kim JH, Kim Y, Ha SH, Yoo JS, Du G et al. (2000). "Cardiac phospholipase D2 localizes to sarcolemmal membranes and is inhibited by alpha-actinin in an ADP-ribosylation factor-reversible manner". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (28): 21295–301. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002463200. PMID 10801846.
- Zhang Y, Redina O, Altshuller YM, Yamazaki M, Ramos J, Chneiweiss H et al. (2001). "Regulation of expression of phospholipase D1 and D2 by PEA-15, a novel protein that interacts with them". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (45): 35224–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003329200. PMID 10926929.
- Morash SC, Byers DM, Cook HW (2000). "Activation of phospholipase D by PKC and GTPgammaS in human neuroblastoma cells overexpressing MARCKS". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1487 (2–3): 177–89. doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(00)00094-9. PMID 11018470.
- Divecha N, Roefs M, Halstead JR, D'Andrea S, Fernandez-Borga M, Oomen L et al. (2000). "Interaction of the type Ialpha PIPkinase with phospholipase D: a role for the local generation of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate in the regulation of PLD2 activity". EMBO J. 19 (20): 5440–9. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.20.5440. PMC 314009. PMID 11032811.
- Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K (2001). "Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade". Biochem. J. 351 (3): 613–9. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3510613. PMC 1221400. PMID 11042115.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863.
- Lee S, Park JB, Kim JH, Kim Y, Kim JH, Shin KJ et al. (2001). "Actin directly interacts with phospholipase D, inhibiting its activity". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (30): 28252–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008521200. PMID 11373276.
- Sarkar S, Miwa N, Kominami H, Igarashi N, Hayashi S, Okada T et al. (2001). "Regulation of mammalian phospholipase D2: interaction with and stimulation by G(M2) activator". Biochem. J. 359 (Pt 3): 599–604. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3590599. PMC 1222181. PMID 11672434.
- Denmat-Ouisse LA, Phebidias C, Honkavaara P, Robin P, Geny B, Min DS et al. (2002). "Regulation of constitutive protein transit by phospholipase D in HT29-cl19A cells". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (52): 48840–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M104276200. PMID 11687572.
- Lee S, Kim JH, Lee CS, Kim JH, Kim Y, Heo K et al. (2002). "Collapsin response mediator protein-2 inhibits neuronal phospholipase D(2) activity by direct interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (8): 6542–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108047200. PMID 11741937.
- Han JM, Kim JH, Lee BD, Lee SD, Kim Y, Jung YW et al. (2002). "Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of phospholipase D2 by protein kinase C delta in rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (10): 8290–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108343200. PMID 11744693.