PASKAL

This article is about a Malaysian military unit. For other possible meanings, see Pascal (disambiguation).

Pasukan Khas Laut
The Navy PASKAL or Panglima Hitam insignia.
Active	1 October 1980 – present
Country	Malaysia
Branch	Royal Malaysian Navy
Type	Special operations force
Role	Primary tasks: Direct action Special reconnaissance Counter-terrorism Foreign internal defence Unconventional warfare Other roles: Counter-smuggling operations Hostage rescue Personnel recovery Hydrographic reconnaissance
Size	700+
Part of	Malaysian Armed Forces Malaysian Joint Forces Command
Garrison/HQ	Naval Amphibious Base Lumut, Perak, Naval Amphibious Base Semporna, Sabah
Nickname	PASKAL, KD Panglima Hitam[1]
Motto	Sentiasa Terbaik (English: Always The Best)
March	Dari Jasamu Kami Abadikan (English: From Your Kindness We Eternize)
Engagements	Spratly Islands UNOSOM II, Somalia UNIVEM II, Angola Operation Astute, East Timor MALCON-UNIFIL, Lebanon War on Terrorism Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa Operation Ocean Shield Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden) MALCON-ISAF, Afghanistan Moro attacks on Sabah 2013 Lahad Datu standoff
Commanders
Current commander	First Admiral Dato' Saifudin Bin Kamarudin
Notable commanders	First Admiral Prof. Dr. Haji Mohd Sutarji Bin Kasmin
Insignia
Official PASKAL golden pin badge

The Royal Malaysian Navy's Pasukan Khas Laut (English: Naval Special Warfare Forces), commonly abbreviated PASKAL, are the RMN's principal special operations force, that conducts special operations missions for the Malaysian government. PASKAL's task is to conduct small-unit maritime military operations which originate from, and return to a river, ocean, swamp, delta or coastline. PASKAL are also capable of unconventional warfare, guerrilla warfare, jungle warfare, counter-terrorism, close protection for VIPs, specific enemy assassination and hostage rescue as well as foreign internal defence.

PASKAL and its army and air force counterpart, 11th Grup Gerak Khas Regiment and Flight Hostage Rescue Team of PASKAU, are the Malaysian military's primary counter-terrorism units. Although PASKAL was created as a maritime counter-terrorism unit, it has become a multi-functional special operations unit with several roles that include high-risk personnel/hostage extractions, direct action, special reconnaissance operations and other specialised missions.

All PASKAL are male members of the Royal Malaysian Navy. It was officially established on 1 October 1980, after a five-year setting-up period, with the purpose of enforcing Malaysia's Exclusive Economic Zone maritime claims through sea, air and land operations. Due to their reputation as one of the Malaysia's premier special operations forces, PASKAL operators routinely serve in allied SOF's including the Indonesia Kopassus, Denjaka, Singapore Naval Diving Unit and Thailand Navy SEALs.

History

Origins

The Navy PASKAL originated in 1975, when the Royal Malaysian Navy saw the need for a security regiment trained in modern maritime warfare. Its main purpose was originally to protect naval bases and national assets all over Malaysia. At that time, the RMN main base was known as KD Malaya (Kapal Diraja Malaya, His Majesty's Ship Malaya), formerly known as HMS Malaya before independence, in Woodlands, Singapore which was later transferred to the new naval base in Lumut, Perak when it was completed in 1979. For this to happen, a Security Regiment is established. The Security Regiment composition is dominated by the members of the Sailors Branch is the responsibility of keeping ratings strategic locations such as door gateways, ammunition depot and others. When the main naval base is transferred to Lumut, Perak in 1981, the headquarters of the team also moved along. The leadership and challenges that are expected to be forcing Navy Commandos did not wait a long time for the end of the 1970s, an United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) came into force globally and Malaysia are among the first nation acted to claim the rights as enshrined in the resolutions. Among the most important is that the country is no longer restricted only to the waters 12 nautical miles of the coast range as has been adopted by Malaysia since it was formed in 1963. As the formations, the unit was basically trained by the Malaysian Army Grup Gerak Khas at the Special Warfare Training Center at the Sungai Udang, Malacca.

In the year 1977, the first batch of 30 officers, led by Captain Sutarji Bin Kasmin (now Admiral, retired), was sent to Kota Pahlawan, Surabaya, Indonesia to be course in the basic jungle commandos and were trained by Indonesian Navy KOPASKA.^[2] In 1979, one of the 69 navy personnels failed to complete the course due to broken leg sustained during training in the Basic Jungle Commando Course in Indonesia. When returning the first group were the regiment is known as Navy Commandos and to further enhance and diversify the capacity of skills, they were also sent to Portsmouth, United Kingdom to be trained by UK Royal Marines Commando and California by US Navy SEALs.^[1]

A few men, including RMN senior officer, Lieutenant Commander Ahmad Ramli Kardi travelled on to Coronado, California and Norfolk, Virginia to be trained by the US Navy SEALs. An exposure to a training variety has been given the Regiment about the ability and values deemed appropriate in formulating the basis for a maritime special forces capability and able to handling the challenges ahead. In April 1980, Malaysia has declared that its EEZ will reach up to 200 nautical miles from the coast as provided by the UNCLOS. This resulting of the decision of this country has actually changed the characteristics and development plan as a naval fleet is directly responsible for controlling and protecting its national waters from any intrusion or interference of foreign powers. It has also made Malaysia as a country as a maritime littoral nation currently surged to 598,450 kilometres square. Besides the long beaches reach as well countries to 4,490 kilometres and the number of islands that belong to the country nor is 1,007 units. On 1 October 1982, PASKAL was officially established as the Malaysian Government began to enforce its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) which covers 200 nautical miles off Malaysian waters. In an effort to strengthen its claim over the Spratly Islands Waters of the overlapping claims by several regional countries, the No. 18 of National Security Council of Malaysia has been given the mandate to PASKAL as Maritime Counter-Terrorism operatives in 1991 as a fortress in row delimitation of the maritime front.

On 15 April 2009, PASKAL Team Command (PTC) was officially named KD Panglima Hitam in a ceremony held at the Royal Malaysian Navy HQ in Lumut, Perak by the King of Malaysia, Yang di-Pertuan Agong Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin to honour PASKAL's services to the nation. The name of KD Panglima Hitam or meaning in English as a HMS Black Knight has been inspired by His Majesty the Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah Al Haj, Al Marhum Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Al Haj as an Honor Navy Captain. A total of 34 names of Sultan of Perak and 56 common names have been proposed to the RMN and eventually only the three main names are considered the most feasible, it is the KD Panglima Hitam, KD Halilintar and the KD Maharaja Lela. The decision was then made to choose a name KD Panglima Hitam since it is a name synonymous with a hero who always give undivided service to defend the sovereignty and security of the Sultan, the palace and the government. Panglima Hitam is the traditional nickname awarded to proven warriors during the era of the various Malay Sultanates in Perak, Selangor and Johore is a warrior who has a mystic and very powerful in the weapon tactics, and skilled in war manoeuvres.^[1][3]

The Panglima Hitam history and myth still remains a symbol of courages and characters. It also represents a strong, high prestige in the military and war strategy in which it is wise to emulate. The historic titles of Panglima Hitam can be traced to this day as the following facts:

Panglima Hitam of Taiping, Perak

His true name known as Daeng Kuning and a King Bugis descent of seven brothers warrior who came from Makassar, Sulawesi. During the cruise, he was stopped and subsequently settled in Kuala Larut while his brother had to travel to other places in Malay Archipelagos. Throughout his life he always wore black clothes and more skilled in the arts of self-defense compared to his other relatives.

Panglima Hitam of Kuala Selangor, Selangor

He is the bodyguard to the late Sultan Ibrahim, the second Sultan of Selangor and late Sultan Muhammad, the third Sultan of Selangor during his lifetime. His loyalty is unwavering, and his body was buried beside the tombs of the kings at Malawati Hill. Before the death, he was strictly enjoined that he was buried outside the royal tomb. The wish of Panglima Hitam reflects his responsibility and his unwavering loyalty until the end of life.

Panglima Hitam of Jugra, Selangor

A bodyguard during the reign of the late Sultan Abdul Samad, the fourth Sultan of Selangor. By oral stories from the elders, his true name is Daeng Ali and his tomb is located at Royal Mausoleum in Jugra.

Panglima Hitam of Muar, Johore

His true name is Baginda Zahiruddin from Padang Pariaman Minangkabau, Sumatera Island, Indonesia. He is the founder of Silat Lintau in Indonesia and then to Malaya in the 16th centuries. He has been working with local people to eradicate and eliminate the piracy in the estuary of Sungai Muar.

Panglima Hitam of Segamat, Johore

He's the military leader who's responsible for defeating the rebel group during the Jementah War, which occurred in the area of Segamat and his tomb is located at Jementah in Segamat, Johor.

Roles and responsibilities

One of PASKAL roles is to launch offensive operations independently via sea, land and air in enemy-controlled waters. PASKAL operatives were trained to conduct maritime operations such as anti-piracy and anti-ship / oil rig hijacking. The security of more than thirty offshore oil rigs in Malaysian waters are solely the responsibility of PASKAL, and the unit has held regular training exercises on each of those oil rigs.

Although part of PASKAL mission consists of securing beachheads, deep penetration reconnaissance raids, structure and underwater demolition and sabotage, their range of training and activity extends beyond. PASKAL repertoire also includes in-harbour underwater sabotage, ship-boarding assault, Counter-Terrorist missions (CT), special infiltration tactics behind enemy lines and mine-clearing operations. Special joint training with special Army units are also conducted regularly on specialised skills like HALO and HAHO overwater and overland parachute jumps.^[4]

PASKAL detachments are also stationed on sensitive Malaysian offshore stations particularly in Layang-Layang atoll and a few detachments are also permanently staged on several RMN's ships.^[5]

Selection and training

As a Special Forces unit, PASKAL's personnel are required to be mentally and physically agile. Every new trainee undergoes three months of the standard obstacle course within a stipulated time at the RMN's Lumut Naval Base. The basic criteria to joining this elite force is that all applicants must be younger than 30 years old and to be of sound health. Upon completing the basic commando course, they are sent to the Special Warfare Training Centre (SWTC) in Sungai Udang, Malacca to undergo basic parachuting. Those who pass the gruelling training process will continue to the Advanced First Class training where they are given specialised courses in several fields such as medic, communications, explosives and electrical–mechanical repairing. They are also required to pass a physical test every three months.

Assignment to PASKAL is conditional on passing the PASKAL Physical Screening Test (PST). Prospective trainees are expected to exceed the minimums. Among others, the PST consists of:

1. 7.8 km running in 24 minutes (below 24 years of age)
2. 1.5 km swimming in not more than 25 minutes (in a swimming pool)
3. 6.4 km swimming in open sea with full mission load – under 120 minutes
4. Day–night skydiving at high elevation spots i.e. hills, buildings and on ocean surface.
5. Freestyle swimming for 1.5 km under 31 minutes
6. Surviving in water with hands and feet fully tied up (drown-proofing)
7. Diving without breathing apparatus for a minimum of 7 m in depth

Basic Recruitment Course

1. Pre-Selection/Warm-Up
2. Basic PASKAL commando
3. Diving endurance
4. Basic Sky-Diving

Career Development Course

1. First Class enrolment
2. Underwater Combat Maneuver
3. "Laskar Kanan" enrolment
4. "Bintara Muda" enrolment
5. Diving/Underwater Combat Superior

PASKAL routinely send officers and men to train with the British SAS, NGSLO, US Navy SEALs, US Navy EOD, Australian Submarine Escape, Assault Swimmer and Australian Clearance Diver, Sniper Supervisor (Australia), Mountain Climbing (France), Australian SASR, US Marine Corps Special Operations Training Group, etc.

On 26 August 1991, the National Security Council declared PASKAL as Malaysian main counter-terrorist task force for the security of oil rigs and oil tanker ships and forms one of the elements in the Quick Reaction Force (QRF).

Expertise–Specialist Course

Insertion Techniques

• HALO/HAHO: Tactical high altitude via free-fall parachute insertion, employed in the covert insertion into enemy territory
• Special Patrol Insertion/Extraction: Ability to rapidly insert and/or extract a reconnaissance patrol or assault team from the enemy area; conduct SPIE rig of personnel from combat zone.

Combat Technique

All PASKAL receive special training and are operationally qualified to perform special operational duties. The training consists of:

• Combat Tracking: Direct action missions in jungle terrain, employing guerilla tactics and dynamic counter-insurgency warfares and techniques.
• Pathfinding/Jungle Survival: Capability to inserted or dropped into place to set up and operate drop zones, pick-up zones, and helicopter landing sites for airborne operations, air resupply operations, or other air operations in support of the ground unit commander. Conducts survival skills to handle an emergency situation, especially in tropical forest and the beachheads.
• Unarmed Combat: A mixture of Malay Silat and Korean Taekwondo martial arts as main unarmed combat techniques to confront and taking down the enemy without firearms or other distance weapons at very close range.
• Close Quarters Combat Tactical: Tactical direct action missions, as well as visit, board, search, and seizure (VBSS) operations or destruction of offshore gas, and oil platforms, employing close quarter battle combat and dynamic assault tactics and techniques.
• Sniper/Counter-sniper tactics: Direct or counter sniper in the terrain of urban warfare, or jungle warfare to reconnaissance, reduce the enemy's fighting ability by striking at high value targets and pinning down and demoralising the enemy, as well as provide covering fire for Malaysian or designated friendly forces from enemy attacks, as well as enemy snipers.
• Explosive Ordnance Disposal: Ability to defusing or demolition the explosive materials, such as time bombs, unexploded bombs (UXBs), naval mines, etc.
• Combat search and rescue: Conduct search and rescue the military personnel to carried out during war or peacekeeping mission that are within or near combat zones.
• Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain: Conduct military operations in a built-up area.
• Combat Medic Specialist: Specialised medic for providing first aid and frontline trauma care on the battlefield.
• Foreign language: Use of foreign languages to communicated with friendly forces, etc.

Intelligence gathering

Besides the combat and insertion skills, the specialised units within the PASKALs are able to perform the intelligence capabilities to exploits a number of information collection and analysis approaches to provide guidance and direction to commanders in support of their decisions. The intelligence capability is:

• Counterintelligence: Tactical counter-intelligence to prevent hostile or enemy intelligence organisations from successfully gathering and collecting intelligence against them.
• Signals intelligence – SIGINT: Tactical SIGINT, limited ground bases Electronic Warfare, and communications security monitoring and analysis in direct support. This is accomplished by employing organic collection and direction finding equipment as well as through connectivity to national and theatre SIGINT/EW assets.
• C4-I Systems Implementations: Tactical C4-I techniques to provide intel to command centre. The objective is a thorough understanding of mutual command and control procedures, capabilities, and limitations developed through continual participation in joint and combined exercises.
• Special reconnaissance: Reconnaissance behind enemy lines, avoiding direct combat and detection by the enemy.
• Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol: Use of special small four to six-man teams operated on reconnaissance and combat patrols, either obtaining highly vital intelligence, or performing highly dangerous raids and ambushes.

The PASKAL tactics and organisation are heavily influenced by the British Special Boat Service (SBS) and the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group (SEAL Team Six – DEVGRU). PASKAL usually trains with GGK as well as US Navy SEALs, Indonesian Navy KOPASKA and the SBS.^[6]

Navy PASKAL teams and structure

Naval Special Operations Units

The manpower details of this unit are highly classified. It is believed to be a regiment with an estimated 1,000 men divided into two operations units – PASKAL Unit Satu (PASKAL – First Unit) based in the Lumut Naval base in Perak on Peninsular Malaysia, and PASKAL Unit Dua (PASKAL – 2nd Unit) which is based at KD Sri Semporna, a Malaysian Royal Navy base in Semporna, Sabah. A company-strength (detachment) is also based at the Teluk Sepanggar Naval Base near Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, where the RMN's proposed Submarine Training Centre will be set up soon.

Structure

PASKAL organises itself operationally into several squadrons of at least four companies (or platoons) each. Each company is in turn organised roughly along the lines of the US Green Berets' structure of Alpha, Bravo, Charlie and Delta Detachments. The smallest unit for PASKAL, however, is the so-called Boat Troop with seven men. Each PASKAL company consists of:-

Alpha platoon

The Versatile Special Operations Force, mainly trained for Maritime Counter-terrorism and other rescue operations into cargo vessels and oil rigs as well as urban terrain. This platoon is equipped with individual covering systems for close quarters combat.

Bravo platoon

Consists of an oxygen combat diving team and a special air operations team both of which allow infiltration of enemy territory quietly. This squad is also trained to collect intelligence data to help the assault squad.

Charlie platoon

An auxiliary team with the role of strengthening special operations capacity from behind enemy lines.

Delta platoon

The conventional warfare team which dominated the amphibious warfare of PASKAL teams with special operation skills on the ground and sniping.

Basically each squadron contains a mixture of specialists that is usually adjusted for the specifics of the mission or area it is tasked to operate within. Each squadron normally carries a Combat Intelligence Team (Malay: Tim Risik Gempur, TRG), trained in maritime tactical intelligence, counter-intelligence and psychological operations.

Weaponry and equipment

The weaponry and equipment inventory is a confidential subject. PASKAL teams use equipment designed for a variety of specialist situations including close quarters combat (CQC), urban warfare, hostile maritime interdiction (VBSS/GOPLATS), long range target interdiction, and jungle warfare and special reconnaissance. Nevertheless, amid rumours of financing from the consortium of oil and shipping companies in addition to ample financing from the navy, PASKAL's inventory currently includes some of the most advanced and sophisticated equipment better than special forces of army, air force and police forces.

The voluntary contributions from the oil consortium and shipping companies has ensured that PASKAL has sufficient means to procure specialised weapons and equipment including heavy body armour, ballistic shields, entry tools, tactical vehicles, advanced night vision optics, and motion detectors that are much more modern and sophisticated in comparison to the other special forces units in the Malaysian armed forces. All the weaponry and equipment was acquired under the Offensive Underwater Weapons program implemented under the 9th Malaysian Plans.

Uniforms

PASKAL personnel wear similar utility uniforms to the tactical uniforms worn by the military. Many armed forces have diverged from the original standard black or blue uniforms, and PASKAL uniforms now include US Woodland camouflage patterns who is identical to that worn by US Navy SEALs.

Originally PASKAL units were equipped with balaclavas and M40 Field Protective Mask, or even PRO-TEC fiberglass helmets. Modern PASKAL units commonly use the lightweight FAST helmets. Fire retardant balaclavas are often used to protect the face, as well as to protect the identity of team members. Ballistic vests, sometimes including rigid plate inserts, are standard issue.

Equipment

Night-vision devices

•  USA: AN/PVS-7 night vision sight
•  USA: AN/PVS-14 night vision sight
•  USA: AN/PVS-21 night vision sight

Accessories

•  USA: Advanced Combat Optical Gunsight (ACOG), recently renamed Rifle Combat Optic (RCO)
•  Sweden: Aimpoint M68 Close Combat Optic (CCO) red dot reflex sight. U.S. military designated of Aimpoint CompM2. Attached to family of MP5, MP7 and M4A1 rifles.
•  Sweden: Aimpoint M68 Collimated Combat Optic - U.S. Army's newest version of Aimpoint CompM4. Attached to HK416, G36, MP7, UMP45 and XM8
•   Switzerland: Brügger & Thomet suppressors - Attached to HK416, G36, XM8
•  Germany: Oerlikon Contraves LLM01 - Attached to HK416
• various tactical lights

Helmets

• lightweight FAST helmets

Thermal imaging common modules

•  USA: AN/PAS-13 thermal sight

Various ground tactical

• radar MASINT (Measurement and Signature Intelligence) - including PSR MASINT

Weaponry

While a wide variety of weapons used by PASKAL teams, the most common weapons include shotguns, submachine guns, assault rifles, machineguns, sniper rifles and grenade launchers. Currently, they operates a both American and German-made weaponry, but in the Langkawi Airshow (LIMA 2015) maritime warfare, they using an main Heckler & Koch weapons, including the HK UMP45 submachinegun, HK416, G36 and a lightweight XM8 assault rifle. Pictures taken during national day parades including RMN anniversaries as well as LIMA and from local defence magazines indicate the use of the following:

Sidearms

•  Austria: Glock 17 - Standard issue for RMN personnels, being supplemented with Glock 18C
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch P9S - limited used by RMN personnels.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch P11 underwater pistol.

Shotguns

•  USA: Remington 870 18.5mm Marine Magnums - as the M870 and Modular Combat Shotgun. Can be used in the close range combat or as a breaching gun. Being phased out in favour of the HK Fabarm FP6 shotgun.
•  USA: Remington 1100 18.5mm Tacticals - semi automatic 12-gauge shotgun.
•  Germany/ Italy: Heckler & Koch FABARM FP6 - a 12-gauge pump-action combat shotgun, being issued as a replacement for the M870.

Submachine guns

•  Belgium: FN P90^[7] - A high power submachine gun used by PASKAL and is capable of penetrating the CRISAT vest at a range of 200 m (219 yd), or a Level IIIA Kevlar vest at the same range.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch MP5 in all types and variants. A standard MP5 has been fitted with an RM Equipment M203PI grenade launcher.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch MP7 - A personal defence weapon (PDW) known to be used by PASKAL operators when missions require a very compact and potent weapon, especially for close protection.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch UMP .45 ACP

Assault Rifles & Carbines

•  USA: Colt M16A1 (with 20-rounds Colt-manufactured STANAG magazines, 100-rounds Beta C-Mag drum magazines) - Former primary arm of PASKAL, replaced by the M4A1, HK416, G36 and others. Still in use with other PASKAL teams as well as some support personnel and ceremonial use only.
•  USA: Colt M4A1 Carbines - Carbine-length variant of the M16A2 with collapsible stock as the Malaysian Armed Forces standard rifle, fitted with Special Operations Peculiar Modification (SOPMOD) Block I kit.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch G36 - G36C, G36E and G36KE carbines in use.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch HK416^[8][9][10] The primary rifle used by PASKAL, attached with Aimpoint CompM4S, Brügger & Thomet suppressor and Oerlikon Contraves LLM01 Laser Light Module.
•  Germany/ USA: Heckler & Koch XM8 - A former military projects of the United States based on the G36 was hand over to PASKAL to reduce the over-reliance on the M4A1 rifles.

Anti-Materiel Rifles

•  USA: Robar RC-50 – anti-materiel bolt action rifle chambered in .50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO).

Designated Marksman Rifles

•  Germany: Heckler & Koch HK417 - Improved marksman version of the HK416 rifle.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch MSG-90 - MSG90A1 variant in use

Sniper Rifles

•  UK: Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
•  Germany: AMP Technical Services DSR-1
•  USA: M14 rifle - in use as sniper rifles. Select fire capability is retained.
•  USA: M40 rifle - in use as sniper rifles.

Machine Guns

•  Spain: CETME Ameli
•  Belgium: FN Minimi - 5.56x45mm light machine gun, being phased out in favour of the HK MG4.
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch MG4 - 5.56mm belt-fedmachine gun, being issued as a replacement for the Minimi.
•  Belgium: FN MAG - 7.62x51mm medium machine gun used primarily on vessels and helicopters.
•  South Africa: Vektor SS-77 GPMG - 7.62x51mm medium machine gun used primarily on lighter vessels and helicopters.

Note: All H&K weapons operated by PASKAL on the first time during Operation Daulat.

Hand Grenades

•  USA: M67 Hand Grenade (Fragmentation)
•  USA: AN-M14 Hand Grenade (Incendiary)
•  USA: Mk 141 Mod 0 Hand Grenade "flash-bang"
•  USA: AN-M18 Smoke grenade

Grenade Launchers

•  USA: M203A1/A2 40 mm Rifle-Mounted Grenade Launcher
•  Germany: Heckler & Koch AG36 – a single-shot 40mm underbarrel grenade launcher, fitted with HK416, G36 and XM8 rifles.

Others

•  USA: M18A1 Claymore anti-personnel mine
•  Malaysia: Sutarji Underwater Gun - a grappling hook launcher specialised to catch ship rigging so that it could be boarded.

Vehicles

PASKAL is also known to utilise specialised delivery craft – among others, PASKAL employs high speed inflatable/collapsible subskimmers (also known as UDV – Underwater Delivery Vehicle), for infiltrations into hostile areas.

The acquisition of two Scorpène submarines which are jointly being built by DCNS, France and Navantia, Spain ("KD Tunku Abdul Rahman" commissioning January 2009, "KD Tun Razak" commissioning October 2008) is expected to further add PASKAL's capabilities and range.^[11]

PASKAL emblems and badges

Reddish Purple (Magenta) coloured beret

The magenta beret reflects the PASKAL's identity and it's close relationship with the Indonesian Marine Corps.

Navy blue lanyard

The navy blue lanyard reflects the Royal Malaysian Navy and it's also possibly reflects to their founding trainers, the British Royal Marines Commando.

Camouflage

The PASKAL camouflage uniform is identical to that worn by US Navy SEALs. It also reflects the close relationship with this US Special Forces unit from which PASKAL also receives training.

Trimedia

The "Trimedia" is PASKAL's main emblem which is worn by every PASKAL trooper. The various components symbolises:

1. Wing – the traditional symbol for airborne capability
2. Jet Fin & Face Mask Emblem – symbolises seaborne infiltration capability
3. Combat Dagger – symbolises jungle-warfare capability
4. Anchor – the symbol for the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN).

Commanding officers

List of PASKAL Commander

Name	Year	Remark
First Admiral Assoc. Prof. Dr. Haji Sutarji bin Kasmin	1975–2003	PASKAL Commander from 1975 and retired in 2003
Vice Admiral Dato' Haji Nasaruddin bin Othman	2003 - 2015
First Admiral Dato' Saifudin Bin Kamarudin	- present

Notable PASKAL members

• First Admiral Assoc. Prof. Dr. Haji Mohd Sutarji Bin Kasmin (retired) — first commanding officer of PASKAL, considered godfather of PASKAL
• Vice Admiral Dato' Haji Nasaruddin Bin Othman — second commanding officer of PASKAL, replacing First Admiral Dr. Haji Sutarji Kasmin
• Vice Admiral Dato' Saifudin Bin Kamarudin
• Captain Jamaludin Bin Mohd Saman RMN
• Commander Abd Malek Bin Hj Mohd Daud RMN
• Commander Ahmad Ramli Bin Kardi — honoured Ahli Mangku Negara, Ahli Mahkota Perak medal
• Commander Anuar Bin Alias — honoured Panglima Gagah Berani medal
• Commander George Paul Thomas Rozario
• Lieutenant Commander Che Adnan Bin Mat Isa
• Lieutenant Commander Samrus Bin Che Dan (passed away in 18 June 2012)
• Master Chief Petty Officer Mohd Room Bin Bahari
• Seaman Hairi Mat Balong
• PASKAL Senior Seaman Sukeri Bin Abdullah (1994–1997)

Operations and covert actions

The unit has been deployed in the following operations:

Operation	Roles	Country	Year
Spratly Islands	Security Mission	Malaysia	1980s
Gugusan Semarang Peninjau	Security Missions	Malaysia	1979
United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II)	Peacekeeping Missions	Somalia	1993–1995
United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNIVEM II)	Peacekeeping Missions	Angola	1998
Operation Astute	Peacekeeping Missions	Timor-Leste	2006
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (MALCON-UNIFIL)	Peacekeeping Missions	Lebanon	2007
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon II (MALCON-UNIFIL II)	Peacekeeping Missions	Lebanon	2008 – present
Operation Dawn	Hostage Rescue	Somalia	2008 – present
International Security Assistance Force (MALCON-ISAF)	Humanitarian aid	Afghanistan	2010 – present

Operation Dawn (Ops Fajar)

PASKAL operatives were deployed in the activities subsequent to the hijacking by Somalian pirates of two Malaysian merchant vessels, MISC-owned Bunga Melati 2 and Bunga Melati 5. The PASKAL detachment was tasked to intelligence-gathering and also to provide security to the Malaysian team negotiating the release of both ships and their crew. This operation, codenamed Ops Fajar (Operation Dawn) also involved Royal Malaysian Navy assets comprising KD Lekiu, KD Sri Inderapura, as well as supported elements of Malaysian Army special forces, Grup Gerak Khas as well as some RMAF assets.^[12]

Rescue operations of Zhenhua 4 and MV Abul Kalam Azad

18 December 2008 – The Royal Malaysian Navy swung into action to save a China-registered ship, Zhenhua 4 in the Gulf of Aden on Wednesday, the same day the United Nations Security Council decided to be more assertive against the Somali pirates. The Zhenhua 4 was attacked by the nine armed pirates about noon on Wednesday while sailing in the gulf on its way from Djibouti to China.

Called on by the Combined Task Force 150 (CTF-150), the multinational coalition patrolling the pirate-infested gulf, the RMN's KD Sri Indera Sakti despatched a helicopter (including PASKAL naval commando) to the scene. The helicopter fired two warning shots at the pirates' skiff, causing them to call off the attack on the heavy load carrier Zhenhua 4 and flee.^[13][14]

1 January 2009 – PASKAL operatives together with RMN KD Sri Inderasakti, commanding by Captain Mohamad Adib Abdul Samad experienced its first combat in the new year when its Fennec helicopter drove off two pirate skiffs pursuing Indian crude oil tanker MT Abul Kalam Azad in the Gulf of Aden. The 92,000-tonne vessel, with 40 crew members, was heading for the Suez Canal with a full load of crude oil, sailing in the gulf at 11.37am (Malaysian time) when it was attacked by pirates in two skifs. One of the boats had seven men in it, all armed with AK-47s and machineguns. They unleashed a barrage of fire at the bridge and accommodation area of the ship. They also tried to board it, all the while keeping up the attack.

However, the ship began taking evasive measures and increased speed to the maximum. This was also when it issued a distress signal, which was picked up by Malaysian navy support ship KD Sri Indera Sakti about 15 nautical miles away. In rapid response, Captain Mohamad Adib dispatched the ship-borne Fennec helicopter gunship armed with twin general purpose machine guns and an elite Naval Special Forces PASKAL airborne sniper. The Malaysian helicopter was joined by a Eurocopter AS 365 Dauphin helicopter of the Royal Saudi Navy, effectively scaring off the pirates.

The captain of the Abul Kalam Azad had initially requested to join the Malaysian International Shipping Corporation convoy, escorted by the Sri Indera Sakti, but later accepted the offer from a Saudi Arabian naval ship to escort it to its destination. International Maritime Bureau Piracy Reporting Centre head Noel Choong said the crew of the Abul Kalam Azad reported seeing the pirates in military-style garb.^[15][16]

MALCON – ISAF

The special forces included PASKAL, Grup Gerak Khas, PASKAU and 10 Paratrooper Brigade was deployed with other Malaysian contingent to involved the administrative workload at the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan. The team was deployed to assist the New Zealand Armed Forces in the peacekeeping missions and humanitarian aid at the Bamiyan District, Afghanistan.^[17]

Operation Dawn 8: Gulf of Aden

20 January 2011 – PASKAL maritime counter-terrorism assault teams successfully thwarted an attempted hijacking by Somali pirates on the Malaysian chemical tanker, a MT Bunga Laurel in the Gulf of Aden. The tanker, laden with lubricating oil and ethylene dichloride that was headed for Singapore in the nick of time was attacked by the mothership with 18 armed pirates about 300 nautical miles (555km) east of Oman at 11.40pm. Under the cover of darkness, seven pirates armed with AK-47 assault rifles, light machine guns and pistols suddenly emerged from a skiff boat and began boarding the tanker, firing at random. The crew of MT Bunga Laurel activated the alarm and MISC Emergency Reporting Centre (ERC) received a security emergency indication at about 11.37pm. With the received an order to rescued, the PASKALs in two boats, led by Lieutenant Commander Mohd Maznan Bin Mohd Said and Lieutenant Noor Asri Bin Roslan, were deployed from Bunga Mas Lima auxiliary ship, located 14 nautical miles (25.9km) away, at 1.20am with the help by Fennec attack helicopter piloted by Lieutenant Jason Solomon John provided reconnaissance and aerial cover.

The PASKALs boarded the tanker and subdued the pirates and starting the gunfight with the commandos while the helicopter launched a several shots to the pirate's mother ship at bay. At least three pirates wounded in the shootout with the commandos, four captured on board while 11 more on their mothership decided to surrender and seized the weapons and ammunitions. The 23 Bunga Laurel crews successfully rescued and no among casualties and losses to Filipinos and Malaysians including PASKALs in the battle. The swift action prevented the MISC from losing the cargo worth an estimated RM30mil, and saved 23 Filipino crew members on board the vessel. The Bunga Mas Lima had just completed the task of escorting the tanker and another MISC liquefied natural gas carrier, MT Seri Balhaf, bound for Fujairah, to a safe zone called Easton 4 in the gulf. Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak praised the team for their efficiency in dealing with the crisis; the captured pirates were eventually brought to Malaysia to be tried.^[18][19][20]

2013 Lahad Datu standoff

The unit was sent to Lahad Datu, Sabah as part of the Malaysian security forces team to secure the area. The unit also playing the main roles with GGK, PASKAU, PGK and UNGERIN for track and neutralise the Southern Filipino terrorist group.^[21]

In popular culture

For the first time, PASKAL are present in the First Persons Shooter (FPS) online games such as Special Force, published by the Dragonfly GF Co., Ltd from Republic of Korea in 2004.

The PASKAL unit make a very brief appearance in the 2012 Hong Kong Action film The Viral Factor directed by Dante Lam, raiding a smallpox stricken freighter ship off the coast of Malaysia.

See also

Malaysian Special Operations Force

• 10th Paratrooper Brigade
• Grup Gerak Khas
• PASKAU
• Piracy in the Strait of Malacca

Similar navy special forces units outside Malaysia

• Clearance Diving Team, Australia
• Destacamento de Acções Especiais, Portugal
• Escouade de Contre-Terrorisme et de Libération d'Otages, France
• Formoza, Poland
• Kampfschwimmer, Germany
• Kustjägarna Attack Divers, Sweden
• MARCOS, India
• Marinejegerkommandoen, Norway
• Naval Diving Unit, Singapore
• Naval Special Warfare Group, Philippines
• ROK Naval Special Warfare Brigade, South Korea
• Royal Thai Navy SEALs, Thailand
• Special Boarding Unit, Japan
• Special Boat Service, United Kingdom
• Naval Service Diving Section, Republic of Ireland
• Special Boat Squadron, Sri Lanka
• Special Service Group Navy, Pakistan
• Underwater Demolition Units, ROC Taiwan
• Unidad de Operaciones Especiales (UOE), Spain

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to PASKAL.

• KD Panglima Hitam - PASUKAN KHAS LAUT
• Royal Malaysian Navy website

Malaysian Armed Forces Leadership Yang di-Pertuan Agong Council Panglima Angkatan Tentera Panglima Tentera Darat Panglima Tentera Udara Panglima Tentera Laut Organisation Services Malaysian Army Royal Malaysian Air Force Royal Malaysian Navy Special Units 10 Paratrooper Brigade Grup Gerak Khas PASKAL PASKAU Rejimen Askar Melayu DiRaja Reserve Units Rejimen Askar Wataniah Other topics Ranks Awards History

Part of a series on the Terrorism in Malaysia Notable attacks 1975 AIA building hostage crisis Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 Sauk Siege Moro attacks 1985 Lahad Datu ambush 2000 Sipadan kidnappings 2013 Lahad Datu standoff Events Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit Notable terrorists Malaysian Azahari Husin (killed) Mohamed Amin Mohamed Razali (executed) Noordin Mohammad Top (killed) Yazid Sufaat Zulkifli Abdhir (killed) Foreigners Agbimuddin Kiram (deceased) Jamalul Kiram III (deceased) Nur Misuari Terrorist groups Pre-Malaysia Malayan Communist Party (dissolved) North Kalimantan Communist Party (dissolved) In Malaysia Al-Ma'unah (defeated) Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (defunct) Foreign countries Abu Sayyaf Japanese Red Army (defunct) Jemaah Islamiyah Moro National Liberation Front (Nur Misuari faction) Moro Pirates Sultanate of Sulu (Jamalul Kiram III faction) (defeated) Opponents MAF Grup Gerak Khas PASKAL PASKAU MMEA Special Task And Rescue MID Grup Taktikal Khas MPD Trup Tindakan Cepat RMP Pasukan Gerakan Khas UNGERIN Laws against terrorism Emergency (Public Order and Crime Prevention) Ordinance Internal Security Act (defunct) Security Offences (Special Measures) Act 2012 Prevention of Terrorism Act Related topics Al-Qaeda Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)

Naval special operations forces Current Tactical Divers Group Clearance Diving Team Special Warfare Diving and Salvage GRUMEC Danish Frogman Corps Commandos Marine Coastal Jaegers Kampfschwimmer Underwater Demolition Command MARCOS Denjaka Kesatuan Gurita KOPASKA Shayetet 13 COMSUBIN Special Boarding Unit Marine Commandos PASKAL Fuerzas Especiales Marinejegerkommandoen Special Service Group Navy Naval Special Operations Group JW Formoza Special Actions Detachment Russian commando frogmen Naval Diving Unit Republic of Korea Navy Special Warfare Flotilla Special Boat Squadron UOE Kustjägarna Royal Thai Navy SEALs Special Boat Service Navy SEALs NSWDG Special warfare combatant-craft crewmen Defunct Navy Beach Commandos Kampfschwimmer Decima Flottiglia MAS Royal Naval Commandos Beach Jumpers Underwater Demolition Team