Outline of poetry
The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to poetry:
Poetry – a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities, in addition to, or instead of, its apparent meaning.
What type of thing is poetry?
Poetry can be described as all of the following things:
- One of the arts – as an art form, poetry is an outlet of human expression, that is usually influenced by culture and which in turn helps to change culture. Poetry is a physical manifestation of the internal human creative impulse.
- A form of literature – literature is composition, that is, written or oral work such as books, stories, and poems.
- Fine art – in Western European academic traditions, fine art is art developed primarily for aesthetics, distinguishing it from applied art that also has to serve some practical function. The word "fine" here does not so much denote the quality of the artwork in question, but the purity of the discipline according to traditional Western European canons.
Types of poetry
Common poetic forms
Periods, styles and movements
For movements see List of poetry groups and movements
- Augustan poetry
- Automatic poetry
- Black Mountain
- Chanson de geste
- Classical Chinese poetry
- Concrete poetry
- Cowboy poetry
- Digital poetry
- Epitaph
- Fable
- Found poetry
- Haptic Poetry
- Imagism
- Libel
- Limerick poetry
- Lyric poetry
- Metaphysical poetry
- Medieval poetry
- Minnesinger
- Modern Chinese poetry
- The Movement
- Narrative poetry
- Objectivist
- Occasional poetry
- Odes and Elegies
- Parnassian
- Pastoral
- Performance poetry
- Post-modernist
- Romanticism
- San Francisco Renaissance
- Sound poetry
- Symbolism
- Troubadour
- Trouvère
- Visual poetry
History of poetry
Main article: History of poetry
Elements of poetry
- Accents
- Couplets – a pair of lines of meter in poetry. It usually consists of two lines that rhyme and have the same meter. While traditionally couplets rhyme, not all do.
- Elision
- Foot
- Intonation
- Meter
- Mora
- Prosody
- Rhythm
- Scansion
- Stanza
- Syllable
- Caesura
Methods of creating rhythm
Main articles: Timing (linguistics), tone (linguistics) and pitch accent
- See also Parallelism, inflection, intonation, foot
Scanning meter
- spondee – two stressed syllables together
- iamb – unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable
- trochee – one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable
- dactyl – one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables
- anapest – two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable
The number of metrical feet in a line are described in Greek terminology as follows:
- dimeter – two feet
- trimeter – three feet
- tetrameter – four feet
- pentameter – five feet
- hexameter – six feet
- heptameter – seven feet
- octameter – eight feet
Common metrical patterns
- Iambic pentameter
- Example: Paradise Lost,[1] by John Milton
- Dactylic hexameter
- Iambic tetrameter
- Examples:
- To His Coy Mistress, by Andrew Marvell
- Eugene Onegin,[3] by Aleksandr Pushkin
- Examples:
- Trochaic octameter
- Example: The Raven,[4] by Edgar Allan Poe
- Anapestic tetrameter
- Examples:
- The Hunting of the Snark,[5] by Lewis Carroll
- Don Juan,[6] by Lord Byron
- Examples:
- Alexandrine – also known as iambic hexameter.
- Example: Phèdre,[7] by Jean Racine
Rhyme, alliteration and assonance
Rhyming schemes
Main article: Rhyme scheme
Stanzas and verse paragraphs
Main article: stanza
- 2-line stanza: couplet or distich
- 3-line stanza: triplet or tercet
- 4-line stanza: quatrain
- 5-line stanza: quintain or cinquain)
- 6-line stanza: sestet
- 8-line stanza: octet
Poetic diction
Main article: Poetic diction
Poetics
Main article: Poetics
Some famous poets and their poems
Main articles: List of poets and List of poems
- Anna Akhmatova
- Maya Angelou
- Ludovico Ariosto
- W. H. Auden
- Li Bai
- Basho
- William Blake
- Geoffrey Chaucer
- Samuel Coleridge
- Dante
- Kamala Das
- Emily Dickinson
- John Donne
- Rita Dove
- John Dryden
- T. S. Eliot
- Ferdowsi
- Robert Frost
- Mirza Ghalib
- Homer
- Gerard Manley Hopkins
- Horace
- Alfred Edward Housman
- Omar Khayyám
- John Keats
- Jan Kochanowski
- Ignacy Krasicki
- Mikhail Lermontov
- W.S. Merwin
- Czesław Miłosz
- John Milton
- Pablo Neruda
- Ovid
- Petrarch
- Sylvia Plath
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Alexander Pope
- Ezra Pound
- Alexander Pushkin
- Rainer Maria Rilke
- Arthur Rimbaud
- Jalal ad-Din Rumi
- Shel Silverstein
- William Shakespeare
- Edmund Spenser
- Philip Sidney
- Tasso
- Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson
- Derek Walcott
- Walt Whitman
- William Wordsworth
- Virgil
- William Butler Yeats
See also
References
- ↑ Two versions of Paradise Lost are freely available on-line from Project Guttenberg, Project Gutenberg text version 1 and Project Gutenberg text version 2
- ↑ The original text, as translated by Samuel Butler, is available at Wikisource.s:The Iliad
- ↑ The full text is available online both in Russian and as translated into English by Charles Johnston. Please see the pages on Eugene Onegin and on Nabokov's Notes on Prosody and the references on those pages for discussion of the problems of translation and of the differences between Russian and English iambic tetrameter.
- ↑ The full text of "The Raven" is available at Wikisource s:The Raven (Poe)
- ↑ The full text of "The Hunting of the Snark" is available at Wikisource.s:The Hunting of the Snark
- ↑ The full text of Don Juan is available on-line
- ↑ See the Text of the play in French as well as an English translation,
External links
| ||||||