Outline of economics
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The following hierarchical outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to economics:
Economics – analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact.
Definition of economics
Economics has the following definitions in the following contexts:
- Academic discipline – body of knowledge given to - or received by - a disciple (student); a branch or sphere of knowledge, or field of study, that an individual has chosen to specialise in.
- Field of science – widely-recognized category of specialized expertise within science, and typically embodies its own terminology and nomenclature. Such a field will usually be represented by one or more scientific journals, where peer reviewed research is published. There are many economics-related scientific journals.
- Social science – field of academic scholarship that explores aspects of human society.
Subsets of economics
Branches of economics
Subdisciplines of economics
- Attention economics
- Behavioural economics
- Bioeconomics
- Classical Economics
- Comparative economic systems
- Contract theory
- Development economics
- Econometrics
- Economic geography
- Economic history
- Economic sociology
- Education economics
- Energy economics
- Entrepreneurial economics
- Environmental economics
- Feminist economics
- Financial economics
- Georgism
- Green economics
- Industrial organization
- Information economics
- International economics
- Institutional economics
- Islamic economics
- Labor economics
- Law and economics
- Managerial economics
- Mathematical economics
- Monetary economics
- Public finance
- Public economics
- Real estate economics
- Regional science
- Resource economics
- Socialist economics
- Welfare economics
Methodologies or approaches
- Behavioural economics
- Classical Economics
- Computational economics
- Econometrics
- Evolutionary economics
- Experimental economics
- Praxeology - (used by the Austrian School)
- Social psychology
Multidisciplinary fields involving economics
Economic history
- Economic events
- Economic history of the world
- Economics in the Middle Ages: Feudalism and Manorialism
- Economics of the Renaissance: Mercantilism
- Industrial revolution
- Economic history of the world
- History by subject
- History of economic thought
- Ancient economic thought
- Economics of the Age of Enlightenment
- British Enlightenment
- French Enlightenment: Physiocracy
- François Quesnay
- Tableau économique
- Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune
- Reflections on the Formation and Distribution of Wealth
- François Quesnay
- Socialist economics
- Marxian economics
- Labour theory of value
- Anarchist economics
- Marxian economics
- Classical economics, Political economy
- Adam Smith
- Wealth of Nations
- Adam Smith
- Study of Economic history
Types of economies
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Main articles: Economy and Economic system
An economy is the system of human activities related to the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area.
Economies, by political & social ideological structure
See also: Schools of economic thought
- Economic ideology
- Capitalist economy
- Communist economy
- Corporate economy
- Fascist economy
- Laissez-faire
- Mercantilism
- Natural economy
- Primitive communism
- Social market economy
- Socialist economy
Economies, by scope
Economies, by regulation
- Closed economy
- Dual economy
- Gift economy
- Informal economy
- Market economy
- Mixed economy
- Open economy
- Participatory economy
- Planned economy
- Subsistence economy
- Underground economy
- Virtual economy
Market forms
- Perfect competition, in which the market consists of a very large number of firms producing a homogeneous product.
- Monopolistic competition, also called competitive market, where there are a large number of independent firms which have a very small proportion of the market share.
- Monopoly, where there is only one provider of a product or service.
- Monopsony, when there is only one buyer in a market.
- Natural monopoly, a monopoly in which economies of scale cause efficiency to increase continuously with the size of the firm.
- Oligopoly, in which a market is dominated by a small number of firms which own more than 40% of the market share.
- Oligopsony, a market dominated by many sellers and a few buyers.
General economic concepts
- Agent
- Aggregate demand
- Aggregate supply
- Agricultural policy
- Antitrust
- Arbitrage
- Big Mac Index
- Big Push Model
- Black market
- Business cycle
- Cash crop
- Canadian and American economies compared
- Capital
- Capitalism
- Cartel
- Catch-up effect
- Central bank
- Chicago school
- Classical economics
- Collective action
- Collusion
- Commodity
- Commodity markets
- Comparative advantage
- Competition
- Competitive advantage
- Complement good
- complementarity
- Consumer
- Consumer and producer surplus
- Consumer price index
- Consumerism
- Consumer theory
- Consumption
- Coordination good
- Cost
- Cost-benefit analysis
- Cost-of-living index
- Currency
- Community currency
- Dollar
- Local currency
- Petrocurrency
- Reserve currency
- Time-based currency
- Yen
- Decentralization
- Debt
- Deflation
- Depression
- Devaluation
- Disinflation
- Disposable income
- Distribution
- Economic
- Economic data
- Economic growth
- Economic indicator
- Economic profits
- Economic modeling
- Economic reports
- Economic subjectivism
- Economic system
- Economies of agglomeration
- Economies of scale
- Economies of scope
- Economy
- Ecosystem services
- Efficiency wage hypothesis
- Efficient market hypothesis
- Elasticity
- Employment
- Entrepreneur
- Entrepreneurship
- Environmental finance
- Euro
- Event study
- Experience economy
- Export
- Externality
- Factors of production
- Factor price equalization
- Federal Reserve
- Finance
- Financial crisis
- Financial instruments
- Fiscal neutrality
- Fiscal policy
- Free goods
- Full-reserve banking
- Game theory
- General equilibrium
- Globalization
- Gold Standard
- Goods
- Government-granted monopoly
- Government spending
- Gross domestic product
- Gross national product
- History of economic thought
- Home economics
- Human Development Index
- Human development theory
- Hyperinflation
- Import
- Import substitution
- Incentive
- Income
- Income elasticity of demand
- Income velocity of money
- Induced demand
- Industrial Organization
- Industrial policy
- Industrial Revolution
- Industrialisation
- Inferior goods
- Inflation
- Input-output model
- Interest
- Internationalization
- Investment
- Investment policy
- Invisible hand
- Keynes, John Maynard
- Keynesian economics
- Knowledge-based economy
- Laissez-faire
- Land
- List of scholarly journals in economics
- Living wage
- Local purchasing
- Lorenz curve
- Macroeconomics
- Marginal Revolution
- Marginalism
- Market
- Labor market
- Market (economics)
- Market economy
- Market failure
- Market form
- Market power
- Market share
- Market system
- Market transparency
- Means of production
- Measures of national income
- Measuring well-being
- Medium of exchange
- Mental accounting
- Menu costs
- Mercantilism
- Mergers and acquisitions
- Minimum wage
- Missing market
- Model - economics
- Model - macroeconomics
- Modern portfolio theory
- Monetarism
- Monetary policy
- Monetary reform
- Money
- Money supply
- Monopoly profit
- Moral hazard
- Moral purchasing
- Multiplier (economics)
- National income
- Natural gross domestic product
- Neoclassical economics
- Neo-classical growth model
- Neo-Keynesian Economics
- Network effect
- Network externality
- New classical economics
- New Keynesian economics
- Normal goods
- Operations research
- Opportunity cost
- Output
- Parable of the broken window
- Pareto efficiency
- Participatory economics
- Poverty
- Poverty level
- Preference
- Price
- Price discrimination
- Price elasticity of demand
- Price points
- Production
- Outline of industrial organization
- Production function
- Production theory basics
- Productivism
- Productivity
- Profit (economics)
- Profit maximization
- Prospect theory
- Public choice theory
- Public bad
- Public debt
- Public good
- Purchasing power parity
- Rahn curve
- Rate of return pricing
- Rational choice theory
- Rational expectations
- Rational pricing
- Reaganomics
- Real business cycle
- Real versus nominal in economics
- Recession
- List of recessions
- Regression analysis
- Returns to scale
- Risk premium
- Saving
- Scarcity
- Seven-generation sustainability
- Slavery
- Social cost
- Social credit
- Social welfare
- Socialism
- Specialization
- Stagflation
- Standard of living
- Stock exchange
- Subsidy
- Subsistence agriculture
- Substitute good
- Sunk cost
- Supply and demand
- Supply-side economics
- Sustainable competitive advantage
- Sustainable development
- Sweatshop
- Tax
- Income tax
- Land value tax
- Sales tax
- Tariff
- Tax, tariff and trade
- Value-added tax
- Technostructure
- Time preference theory of interest
- The Theory of Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith
- Trade
- Balance of trade
- Fair trade
- Free trade
- International trade
- Safe trade
- Tax, tariff and trade
- Terms of trade
- Trade bloc
- Trade pact
- Trader Ethic
- Transaction cost
- Triple bottom line
- Trust
- Utility
- Utility Maximization Problem
- Utilitarianism
- UN Human Development Index
- Uneconomic growth
- Unemployment
- United States dollar
- U.S. public debt
- Value
- Virtuous circle and vicious circle
- Wage rate
- Wealth
- X-efficiency
- Yield
- Zero sum game
- Zone pricing
Persons influential in the field of economics
Nobel Memorial Prize–winning economic historians
- Milton Friedman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1976 for "his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy".
- Robert Fogel and Douglass North won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1993 for "having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change".
- Merton Miller, who started his academic career teaching economic history at the LSE, won the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1990 with Harry Markowitz and William F. Sharpe.
Other notable economic historians
- Moses Abramovitz
- T. S. Ashton
- Correlli Barnett
- Jörg Baten
- Maxine Berg
- Ben Bernanke
- Fernand Braudel
- Rondo Cameron
- Sydney Checkland
- Carlo M. Cipolla
- Gregory Clark
- Thomas C. Cochran
- Nicholas Crafts
- Louis Cullen
- Peter Davies
- Brad DeLong
- Barry Eichengreen
- Stanley Engerman
- Charles Feinstein
- Niall Ferguson
- Ronald Findlay
- Roderick Floud
- Claudia Goldin
- John Habakkuk
- Earl J. Hamilton
- Eli Heckscher
- Eric Hobsbawm
- Leo Huberman
- Harold James
- Ibn Khaldun
- Charles P. Kindleberger
- John Komlos
- Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie
- David Landes
- Tim Leunig
- Friedrich List
- Robert Sabatino Lopez
- Angus Maddison
- Karl Marx
- Peter Mathias
- Ellen McArthur
- Deirdre McCloskey
- Joel Mokyr
- Cormac Ó Gráda
- Henri Pirenne
- Karl Polanyi
- Erik S. Reinert
- Christina Romer
- W. W. Rostow
- Murray Rothbard
- Larry Schweikart
- Ram Sharan Sharma
- Adam Smith
- Anna Jacobson Schwartz
- Robert Skidelsky
- Graeme Snooks
- R. H. Tawney
- Peter Temin
- Adam Tooze
- Eberhard Wächtler
- Jeffrey Williamson
- Tony Wrigley
See also
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- Index of economics articles
- JEL classification codes
- List of accounting topics
- List of community topics
- List of economic communities
- List of economics films
- List of economists
- List of finance topics
- List of free trade agreements
- List of international trade topics
- List of management topics
- List of marketing topics
- List of business law topics
- List of business theorists
- List of production topics
External links
- History of Economic Thought and Critical Perspectives (NSSR)
- The Joy of Economics, chapter 1 of Surfing Economics by Huw Dixon
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