Oussama Mellouli

Oussama Mellouli
Personal information
Full name Oussama Mellouli
Nickname(s) The Mediterranean's Shark, Ous
Nationality  Tunisia
Born 16 February 1984
La Marsa, Tunisia
Sport
Sport Swimming
Strokes Free, IM
Club Tunisia Esperance of Tunisia
College team USC Trojans (USA)

Oussama "Ous" Mellouli (Arabic: أسامة الملولي‎; born 16 February 1984) is a Tunisian swimmer who competes in the freestyle and medley events. He is a three-time Olympic medalist, is an African record holder, and trains with the USC Trojans team based at the University of Southern California, where he went to school and swam collegiately.

Oussama Mellouli became the 1500 m freestyle World champion at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships with a winning time of 14:37.28, then the second best performance of all time. Mellouli is the gold medalist in the 1500 freestyle at the 2008 Olympics, the bronze medalist in the 1500 freestyle at the 2012 Olympics, and the gold medalist in the 10 km marathon swim at the 2012 Olympics. Mellouli tested positive in a 2006 drug test, after which his performances in the 2007 World Championships were nullified.

Biography

Born in Tunis, Mellouli left Tunisia at the age of 15 to study at the College of Rampart in Marseille, France. After his graduation, he continued his studies at the University of Southern California and swam for the USC Trojans. He is a scholarship holder with the Olympic Solidarity program.

2001

Mellouli won 1 silver medal in the 400m IM at the 2001 Mediterranean Games, in Tunis, Tunisia.

2003

Mellouli first established himself on the world scene at the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona, Spain where he won a bronze in the 400m Individual Medley finishing behind László Cseh and a world record performance from Michael Phelps.

2004

At the 2004 Olympics he finished 5th in the 400 IM, setting the African Record in the process. He further distinguished himself at the 2004 FINA Short Course World Championships in Indianapolis, USA where he won the first international-level gold medal in swimming for Tunisia, in the 400m IM, finishing over a second ahead of second and third place finishers Robin Francis and Eric Shanteau. Later on at the meet he would go on to win bronze in the 200m IM.

2005

He was able to better his Athens mark with his bronze-medal swim in the 400 IM event at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Canada. He also won the bronze-medal in the 400 freestyle at that same event. He also won three gold medals (800 m freestyle, 400m medley, 200m medley) at the XVth Mediterranean Games in Almería, Spain.

2006

On December 1, 2006, Oussama Mellouli beat Michael Phelps in the 400m IM at the U.S. Open in West Lafayette: Mellouli clocked 4:15.61, ahead of Phelps with 4:18.32.[1] This swim however was subsequently placed within Mellouli's 18-month doping ban, and the results nullified, as the drug test where the banned substance was found occurred at this meet (see section below for further information).

2007

On February 19, 2007, he broke his own African Record in the 200m individual medley for the fourth time since 2003 at the USA Swimming Grand Prix meet, held at the Mizzou Aquatic Center at the University of Missouri. He also set a new African record in the 400 meter individual medley.

On March 25, 2007, he won the silver in the 400 m freestyle (3:45.12) at the 2007 World Championships in Melbourne, Australia. Three days later, on March 28, he swam to the first Tunisian World Championship in swimming in winning the 800m freestyle in a then African Record of 7:46.95 — one of the top 10 fastest times ever. However, due to his positive drug-testing result from a in-competition test from December 2006 and the 18-month competition ban imposed on him on 11 September 2007 by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), retroactive from 30 November 2006 forward, his 2007 World Championships results have been nullified. He was also a finalist in the 400 m individual medley, where he originally finished fourth in 4:11.68.

Following the September 11, 2007 ruling by CAS, Mellouli was not allowed to compete again up mid-2008. All of Mellouli's results from 2007 have been nullified, per his September 2007 doping suspension, related to his positive test from December 2006 (see section below).

2008 Olympics

Mellouli came into the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China entered in two events, the 400m and 1500m freestyle events. In his first event, the 400m free despite setting a new African record in the final, he could only manage fifth place in a time of 3:43.45. Mellouli would however go on to win the 1500m freestyle and set a new African record. In doing so, he became the first African male swimmer to ever win an Olympic gold medal in an individual swimming event (the South African men's 4x100m Free Relay won the event at the 2004 Olympics).

2009

Mellouli won 5 gold medals (200m and 400m individual medley, and 200m, 400m and 1500m freestyles) at the XVI Mediterranean Games in Pescara, Italy.

In the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, held in Rome during the summer, Mellouli won a gold medal in the 1500 meter freestyle and 2 silver medals in the 400 meter freestyle and 800 meter freestyle.

2010

Mellouli won 4 medals ( 1 gold in the 1500 freestyle; 1 silver in the 400 medley and 2 bronzes in the 200 m freestyle and the 400 m freestyle) at the 2010 FINA Short Course World Championships (25m) in Dubai, UAE.

2011

Melloouli won 16 medals ( 15 gold and 1 silver ) at the 2011 Pan Arab Games in Doha, Qatar.

2012

Mellouli won 2 medals ( 1 gold in the 10km marathon[2] and 1 bronze in the 1500m freestyle ) at the 2012 Summer Olympics held in London, UK. He became the first person to win medals in both pool and open-water swimming in the same Olympics.

2013

Mellouli won 1 gold medal in the 5km marathon at the 2013 World Championships, in Barcelona, Spain.

Positive drug test

A few weeks after the conclusion of the 2007 World Championships, reports began to surface that Mellouli had tested positive for a banned substance at the 2006 U.S. Open, November 30 – December 2, 2006. These reports surfaced because FINA, the international governing body of the sport, had discovered that Tunisian authorities had known about the positive test but had only given him a warning. FINA/WADA rules state that when an athlete tests positive for a banned substance, he or she must be given a 2-year ban from the sport. Accordingly, FINA took the case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), demanding stiffer sanction.

Mellouli has since admitted that he took the ADD medication Adderall, a stimulant and a form of amphetamine. (Already in June 2006, an American sports commentator wrote: Various studies show rampant use of Adderall, Ritalin and other drugs normally used for attention deficit disorder instead applied toward all-night cramming sessions.[3] ) Mellouli did not have a prescription for the drug, having claimed to have received it from another USC student shortly before the US Open. He argued that he took the pill in order to help himself with writing a term paper (to sustain or enhance his academic performance) in the days leading up to the weekend US Open meet, and that the drug was not intended as a performance-enhancing substance for competitive swimming. However, amphetamines are on the official banned substances list; and can/do help swimming performance.[4]

Wikinews has related news: Tunisian swimmer Oussama Mellouli stripped of championship for doping

CAS ruled on Mellouli's case on September 11, 2007, ruling against him and issuing him an 18-month competition suspension, retroactively beginning on November 30, 2006. As a result of this sanction, all his results from the 2006 U.S. Open through the competitions his swam in 2007, including the 2007 World Championships, were nullified. Interestingly, and perhaps conscientiously, his ban from competition covered most, but not all, of the qualification window for the 2008 Olympics. As the retroactive nullification of results wiped out all of his qualifying times for the 2008 Games, he ended up with just a week or two after the ban in order to qualify (which he did).

Achievements

See also

References

  1. ↑ US Open 2006 results: Men's 400 IM final. Archived on the USA Swimming website and retrieved 2009-07-23.
  2. ↑ "Mellouli wins men's 10km swimming marathon". Retrieved 10 August 2012.
  3. ↑ "Consider ending drug policies in sports: Maybe best solution is just to let pro athletes take whatever they want", Commentary by Bob Cook, MSNBC.com, 10 June 2006. Retrieved on 2007-09-13.
  4. ↑ List of Drugs Prohibited by the WADA for years 2005 and 2006 (PDF) – relevant quote: The following stimulants are prohibited, including both their optical (D- and L-) isomers where relevant: ...amphetamine... and other substances with similar chemical structure or similar biological effect(s). (p. 7) This passage verbatim matches the content of article section Adderall#Chemistry.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oussama Mellouli.
Awards
Preceded by
South Africa Roland Schoeman		 African Swimmer of the Year
2008,
2009 (with South Africa Cameron van der Burgh) 		Succeeded by
South Africa Cameron van der Burgh
Preceded by
Germany Thomas Lurz and Greece Spyridon Gianniotis		 Open Water Swimmer of the Year
2012 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
Preceded by
Germany Thomas Lurz		 FINA Open Water Swimmer of the Year
2012 		Succeeded by
Germany Thomas Lurz