Otterhound
 Two Otterhounds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Country of origin | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Otterhound is an old British dog breed. The origins are not known. It is a scent hound, and was developed to hunt otters. It is currently recognised by the Kennel Club as a Vulnerable Native Breed, with around 1000 animals worldwide.
Ancestry
The first recorded Otterhounds known to resemble the current breed are in the North-West of England in the first half of the 19th century - for example, the Hawkstone Otter Hunt and Squire Lomax's Otterhounds. In the second half of the 19th century, French Griffons were outcrossed, including one-eighth Wolf cross/Griffon Vendeen from the Comte de Canteleu in Normandy.[1][2] In the early 20th century the Griffon Nivernais was crossed into the breed, and one particular dog, Boatman, a Grand Griffon Vendeen/Bloodhound cross became an ancestor for several kennels.[3]
It is one of the ancestral breeds of the Airedale Terrier.
Appearance
The Otterhound is a large, rough-coated hound with an imposing head. Originally bred for hunting, it has great strength and a strong body with long striding steps. This makes it able to perform prolonged hard work. The Otterhound hunts its quarry both on land and in water and it has a combination of characteristics unique among hounds; most notably an oily, rough, double coat and substantial webbed feet.[4]
Otterhounds generally weigh between 80 and 115 pounds (36 and 52 kg).[5] They have extremely sensitive noses which make them inquisitive and perseverant in investigating scents. Consequently, they need particular supervision when outdoors. They are friendly dogs with a unique bass voice[6] which they use frequently.
Hunting
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Otter hunting dates back to the early medieval period, with references it is found as early as 1360. The Otterhound, however, can only be traced back as a distinct breed as far as the early 1800s.
The otter is one of the largest and most intelligent carnivorous mammals in Europe. To be equal to the otter, an Otterhound was said to need "a Bulldog's courage, a Newfoundland's strength in water, a Pointer's nose, a Retriever's sagacity, the stamina of a Foxhound, the patience of a Beagle, and the intelligence of a Collie[7]".
In 1978, due to the dramatic decline in otter numbers, the otter was placed on the list of protected species in the UK and otterhunting therefore ceased. By 1977, nine registered packs of otterhounds were still in existence. A few hunts switched to hunting mink or coypu, but many of the original otterhound packs hunts ceased to exist altogether. Hounds were often passed to newly founded minkhound packs. The Pembroke and Carmarthenshire Minkhounds are the only pack today with a pure otterhound pack. As the dogs had been selectively bred for their hunting capabilities, only a few of the bloodlines were suitable for breeding into companion animals.[3]
Health
The average lifespan of the breed is a little over 10 years. A quarter will live 12 to 15 years.[8] At least one hound is known to have lived to be 16 years old.
The Otterhound enjoys considerable exercise, but can also be a couch potato. They can be good family dogs but need to be kept in a secure property since they can jump fences up to 5 feet high.
In spite of the small gene pool, the Otterhound is generally a healthy breed, but is subject to many of the same complaints as all large, rapidly growing dogs.
Common problems that can occur are elbow and hip dysplasia, a malformation of the hip and elbow joints. They are not always painful, but can cause lameness and impair mobility. It can also result in arthritis. Badly affected hounds should not be bred from, but most Otterhounds have a poor hip and elbow score. The problem can be reduced by making sure that young Otterhounds do not jump down from high places, go up and down the stairs or walk too much on very hard surfaces while bones are still growing. this enables the muscles around the sockets to strengthen and develop, providing more support.
Otterhounds can also be subject to ear infections, due to the shape of their ears, and bloat, or gastric torsion, due to their deep chest.
Epilepsy and seizures are also known to affect the breed, and can be hereditary. There is ongoing research into the causes of epilepsy in Otterhounds.[9] For reasons currently unknown, epilepsy in Otterhounds in the United States does not appear to be fatal, while epilepsy found Otterhounds from the United Kingdom is frequently untreatable, and is usually fatal.[3]
Endangered breed
There are an estimated 1000 Otterhounds in the world. It is considered to be the most endangered native breed in Britain, with only 15 new registrations in 2011.[10] This is partially because Otterhounds have never been numerous, and even in the early 20th century, when otter hunting was at the height of its popularity as a sport, the number of dogs was still small. They are on the list of Vulnerable Native Breeds as identified by the UK Kennel Club, and great efforts are being made to save the breed.[11][12]
Otterhounds in popular culture
Otterhounds were featured as the main enemy of the title character in Tarka the Otter. The Kendal and District Otterhounds also featured in the 1979 film version of the story. Both the book and film depict working Otterhounds, and as the main character is an otter, the depiction is not flattering.
Otterhounds were also featured in works of art by Louis Agassiz Fuertes, Vernon Stokes and John Seageant Noble. Several works by Noble featuring Otterhounds were featured at the Royal Academy in the late 1890s.[13]
Citations
- ↑ Adair, R, A Chain of Bubbles
- ↑ Lee, Rawdon B, 1893, History and Description of the Modern Dogs of Great Britain and Ireland, Sporting Division
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Cunliffe, J, 2003, Otterhound: Special Rare Breed Edition, Kennel Club Books
- ↑ they had a nose that could track in the mud and water for over 72 hours, too."Otterhound", Kennels.co.uk
- ↑ "Otterhound". AKC. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArG0-FG8cbw Otterhounds Sing
- ↑ Leighton, R, 1910, Dogs and All About Them, Cassel and Company Ltd, London
- ↑ K. Evans, V. Adams, J. Sampson (2010). "World survey of Otterhound health: Part 1: Mortality and Lifespan" (PDF). Animal Health Trust,. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ↑ http://clubs.akc.org/ohca/OH-health.html
- ↑ "UK native dog breeds 'at risk of extinction', BBC News
- ↑ "The puppies rarer than giant pandas", The Daily Telegraph, 5 March 2007, page 9
- ↑ "Yesterday's Dogs?, Daily Mail
- ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/otter-hunting-69553
References
- Leighton, Robert (2004). Dogs and All About Them. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1419116363.
- Cunliffe, Juliet (2003). Otterhound: Rare Breed Special Editions. Kennel Club Books. ISBN 1-84286-058-5.
External links
- Otterhound at DMOZ
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