Osmotic controlled-release oral delivery system

OROS (Osmotic [Controlled] Release Oral [Delivery] System) is a controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a tablet. The tablet has a rigid water-permeable jacket with one or more laser drilled small holes. As the tablet passes through the body, the osmotic pressure of water entering the tablet pushes the active drug through the opening in the tablet.

OROS is a trademarked name owned by Alza Corporation. OROS medications include:

• Adalat OROS (nifedipine)
• Alpress LP (prazosin)
• Cardura XL (doxazosin)
• Concerta (methylphenidate)
• Covera-HS (verapamil)
• Ditropan XL / Lyrinel XL (oxybutynin)
• DynaCirc CR (isradipine)
• Glucotrol XL (glipizide)
• Invega (paliperidone)
• Jurnista / Exalgo (hydromorphone)
• Procardia XL (nifedipine)
• Volmax (salbutamol)

Routes of administration / Dosage forms Oral Digestive tract (enteral) Solids Pill Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system (OROS) Liquids Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Extended-release syrup Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water Tincture Buccal (Sublabial) Sublingual Solids Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent buccal tablet Chewing gum Liquids Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Oral spray Respiratory tract Solids Smoking device Dry powder inhaler (DPI) Liquids Anaesthetic vaporizer Vaporizer Nebulizer metered-dose inhaler (MDI) Gas Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Relative analgesia machine Ophthalmic / Otologic / Nasal Nasal spray Ear drops Eye drops Ointment Hydrogel Nanosphere suspension Insufflation Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet) Urogenital Ointment Pessary (vaginal suppository) Vaginal ring Vaginal douche Intrauterine device (IUD) Extra-amniotic infusion Intravesical infusion Rectal (enteral) Ointment Suppository Enema Solution Hydrogel Murphy drip Nutrient enema Dermal Ointment Topical cream Topical gel Liniment Paste Film DMSO drug solution Electrophoretic dermal delivery system Hydrogel Liposomes Transfersome vesicles Cream Lotion Lip balm Medicated shampoo Dermal patch Transdermal patch Contact (rubbed into break in the skin) Transdermal spray Jet injector Injection / Infusion (into tissue/ blood) Skin Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant Organs Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular injection Transscleral Central nervous system Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural Circulatory / Musculoskeletal Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump PIC line

Routes of administration / Dosage forms Oral Digestive tract (enteral) Solids Pill Tablet Capsule Pastille Time release technology Osmotic delivery system (OROS) Liquids Decoction Elixir Electuary Emulsion Extended-release syrup Effervescent powder or tablet Herbal tea Hydrogel Molecular encapsulation Powder Softgel Solution Suspension Syrup Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water Tincture Buccal (Sublabial) Sublingual Solids Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) Film Lollipop Sublingual drops Lozenges Effervescent buccal tablet Chewing gum Liquids Mouthwash Toothpaste Ointment Oral spray Respiratory tract Solids Smoking device Dry powder inhaler (DPI) Liquids Anaesthetic vaporizer Vaporizer Nebulizer metered-dose inhaler (MDI) Gas Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula Oxygen concentrator Anaesthetic machine Relative analgesia machine Ophthalmic / Otologic / Nasal Nasal spray Ear drops Eye drops Ointment Hydrogel Nanosphere suspension Insufflation Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet) Urogenital Ointment Pessary (vaginal suppository) Vaginal ring Vaginal douche Intrauterine device (IUD) Extra-amniotic infusion Intravesical infusion Rectal (enteral) Ointment Suppository Enema Solution Hydrogel Murphy drip Nutrient enema Dermal Ointment Topical cream Topical gel Liniment Paste Film DMSO drug solution Electrophoretic dermal delivery system Hydrogel Liposomes Transfersome vesicles Cream Lotion Lip balm Medicated shampoo Dermal patch Transdermal patch Contact (rubbed into break in the skin) Transdermal spray Jet injector Injection / Infusion (into tissue/ blood) Skin Intradermal Subcutaneous Transdermal implant Organs Intracavernous Intravitreal Intra-articular injection Transscleral Central nervous system Intracerebral Intrathecal Epidural Circulatory / Musculoskeletal Intravenous Intracardiac Intramuscular Intraosseous Intraperitoneal Nanocell injection Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump PIC line