Order of the Rising Sun

Order of the Rising Sun
旭日章
3rd Class Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon Order of the Rising Sun
Awarded by the Emperor of Japan
Type Order
Awarded for long and/or especially meritorious civil or military service
Status Currently constituted
Sovereign His Imperial Majesty The Emperor
Grades (w/ post-nominals) 1st through 8th Class
Established 10 April 1875
Precedence
Next (higher) Order of the Paulownia Flowers
Next (lower) Order of the Sacred Treasure

The Order of the Rising Sun (旭日章 Kyokujitsu-shō) is a Japanese order, established in 1875 by Emperor Meiji of Japan. The Order was the first national decoration awarded by the Japanese Government,[1] created on 10 April 1875 by decree of the Council of State.[2] The badge features rays of sunlight from the rising sun. The design of the Rising Sun symbolizes energy as powerful as the rising sun[3] in parallel with the "rising sun" concept of Japan ("Land of the Rising Sun").

US Navy Admiral Dennis C. Blair being presented the badge and ribbon of Order of the Rising Sun. (2005)

The order is awarded to those who have made distinguished achievements in the following fields: international relations, promotion of Japanese culture, advancements in their field, development in welfare or preservation of the environment.[4] Beginning in 2003 the highest ranking medal for the Order of the Rising Sun became a separate order known as Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers.[5]

It is the third highest order bestowed by the Japanese government, however it is generally the highest ordinarily conferred order. The highest Japanese order, the Order of the Chrysanthemum, is reserved for heads of state or royalty, while the second highest order, Order of the Paulownia Flowers is mostly reserved for politicians.

The modern version of this honuor has been conferred on non-Japanese recipients beginning in 1981 (although several foreigners were given the honor before World War II); and women were awarded the Order starting in 2003 (previously, women were awarded the Order of the Precious Crown).[6] The awarding of the Order is administered by the Decoration Bureau of Office of the Prime Minister. It is awarded in the name of the Emperor and can be awarded posthumously.

It can be awarded to Japanese as well as non-Japanese nationals.

Classes

The Order was awarded in nine classes until 2003, when the Grand Cordon with Paulownia Flowers was made a separate order, and the lowest two classes were abolished. Since then, it has been awarded in six classes. Conventionally, a diploma is prepared to accompany the insignia of the order, and in some rare instances, the personal signature of the emperor will have been added. As an illustration of the wording of the text, a translation of a representative 1929 diploma says:

By the grace of Heaven, Emperor of Japan, seated on the throne occupied by the same dynasty from time immemorial,

We confer the Second Class of the Imperial Order of Meiji upon Henry Waters Taft, a citizen of the United States of America and a director of the Japan Society of New York, and invest him with the insignia of the same class of the Order of the Double Rays of the Rising Sun, in expression of the good will which we entertain towards him.

In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hand and caused the Grand Seal of the Empire to be affixed at the Imperial Palace, Tokio, this thirteenth day of the fifth month of the fourth year of Shōwa, corresponding to the 2,589th year from the accession to the throne of Emperor Jimmu."[7]

Insignia

The star for the Grand Cordon and Second Class is a silver star of eight points, each point having three alternating silver rays; the central emblem is identical to the badge. It is worn on the left chest for the Grand Cordon, on the right chest for the 2nd Class.

The badge for the Grand Cordon to Sixth Classes is an eight-pointed badge bearing a central red enamelled sun disc, with gilt points (1st-4th Classes), with four gilt and four silver points (5th Class), or with silver points (6th Class); each point comprises three white enamelled rays. It is suspended from three enamelled paulownia leaves (not chrysanthemum leaves as the Decoration Bureau page claims) on a ribbon in white with red border stripes, worn as a sash from the right shoulder for the Grand Cordon, as a necklet for the 2nd and 3rd Classes and on the left chest for the 4th to 6th Classes (with a rosette for the 4th Class).

The badge for the Seventh and Eighth Classes consisted of a silver medal in the shape of three paulownia leaves, enamelled for the 7th Class and plain for the 8th Class. Both were suspended on a ribbon, again in white with red border stripes, and worn on the left chest. Both classes were abolished in 2003.

Notable recipients

This is an incomplete list that may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

1st Class, Grand Cordon

2nd Class, Gold and Silver Star

3rd Class, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon

4th Class, Gold Rays with Rosette

5th Class, Gold and Silver Rays

6th Class, Silver Rays

7th Class, Green Paulownia Leaves Medal

In 2003, this grade of the Order was abolished.

8th Class, White Paulownia Leaves Medal

In 2003, this grade of the Order was abolished.

Class unknown

Notes

  1. ↑ "Decorations Bureau web site". CAO. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  2. ↑ "Council of State decree". Quan online. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Embassy of Japan in Australia
  4. ↑ Orders of the Rising Sun Cabinet Office
  5. ↑ Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers Cabinet Office
  6. ↑ "Weatherhead East Asian Institute web site - Carol Gluck". Columbia University. 1 May 2006. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Honor awarded 1929 -- "Japanese Emperor Honors H.W. Taft; Consul-General Gives Insignia for Fostering International Friendship. Diploma Also Presented; Brother of Chief Justice Receives Order of Rising Sun at Exercises Here," New York Times, 28 June 1929.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 32201. p. 572. 18 January 1921. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
  9. ↑
  10. ↑ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): 2007 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals, p. 1.
  11. ↑ Pridi Banomyong, Ma Vie Mouvementee Et Mes 21 Ans D'Xil En Chine Populaire, Paris, 1972
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 32428. p. 6569. 19 August 1921. Retrieved 16 November 2007.
  13. ↑ Rutledge, Martha. (1979). "Barton, Sir Edmund (1849 - 1920)," Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 7, pp 194–200; Scaramouche. "Sir Edmund Barton"
  14. ↑ Nagashima-Hayashi, Michiko. "Former UNICEF Executive Director receives humanitarian award in Japan," UNICEF web site (2006)
  15. ↑ British Library. "Handlist of Japanese Manuscripts Acquired Since 1984," 'Or. 14819 Certificate conferring Order of the Rising Sun on Admiral von Bendemann,' p. 3.
  16. ↑ Japan embassy Algeria
  17. ↑ First Hawaiian Bank Annual Report, page 15 "Bishop is later awarded the Grand Cordon of the Imperial First Order of the Rising Sun by Japanese Emperor Meiji"
  18. ↑ FIFA: Honors, Sepp Blatter.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 19.8 19.9 "2009 Spring Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Japan Today
  21. ↑ US Naval Historical Center: Biographies in Naval History, Arleigh Burke
  22. ↑ "Army chief of staff receives 'Order of the Rising Sun' decoration during Japan visit". The United States Army. 23 December 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  23. ↑ "In Brief", The Nation, retrieved 25 February 2012
  24. ↑ Former Administrator, UNDP: 2009 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals, p. 1.
  25. ↑ http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/japanUK/decoration/1504.html
  26. ↑ Japan Today
  27. ↑ MCADCafé: Soichiro Honda PR wikipedia.
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  29. ↑ Kirkup, James. "Obituary: Masaru Ibuka," Independent (London). 22 December 1997.
  30. ↑ Daniel Inouye, Senate: Awards
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  32. ↑ "Japan to confer award on former DPM Jayakumar". ChannelNewsAsia. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  33. ↑ Mauritius Consulate, Malta: Anerood Jugnauth
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  35. ↑ Foreign honours recipients 2014 - website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
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  60. ↑ "Professor Jagdish N. Bhagwati". Columbia University. 6 July 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
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  64. ↑ "2,500 Bid Farewell to Booth", Pacific Stars and Stripes, 9 February 1961.
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  80. ↑ "George R. Packard Faculty Page".
  81. ↑ Podsekretarz stanu ds. polityki pozaeuropejskiej i agendy demokratyzacyjnej - Jerzy Pomianowski
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  88. ↑ Honor awarded 2003 -- Consulate-General of Japan in New York: "Government Of Japan To Honor Professor Michael Ira Sovern."
  89. ↑ "Patent of Decoration". August 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 "Media Advisory: Government of Japan to Bestow Honour on Three Canadians". Japanese Embassy. 17 June 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
  91. ↑ Honor awarded 2007 -- Embassy of Japan in Singapore: "Conferment Ceremony for Mr. Philip Yeo, Chairman of SPRING Singapore."
  92. ↑ 2011 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals [www.mofa.go.jp/announce/info/.../pdfs/2011_au.pdf]
  93. ↑ Honor awarded 2011 -- Embassy of Japan in Finland
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "Taiwanese entrepreneurs to be decorated in Japan". The Central News Agency. April 29, 2012.
  95. ↑ 在インドネシア日本国大使館 Kedutaan Besar Jepang di Indonesia
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  97. ↑ "American Honored by the Japanese," The New York Times. 22 October 1899.
  98. ↑ Honor awarded 1906 -- Perry, Warren. (1983). "Hoad, Sir John Charles (1856 - 1911)" in Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 9.
  99. ↑ NNDB: Order of the Rising Sun; Kosho Kempo, Kano Jigoro
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  211. ↑ 211.0 211.1 "A. John Ellis". Simon Fraser University.
  212. ↑ Arlington National Cemetery: Granville Roland Foretscue
  213. ↑ Jeszcze jeden globtroter?
  214. ↑ Cynthia Peters (4 April 2006). "Frank B. Gibney, 81, One of the Nation's Preeminent Experts on Asia and President of the Pacific Basin Institute at Pomona College, Has Died". Pomona College. Retrieved 21 April 2011.
  215. ↑ Honor awarded 1891 -- Penicuik Community Development Trust (UK): Cargill Gilston Knott
  216. ↑ Profesor Wiesław Kotański (1915-2005) wybitny uczony, japonista, wychowawca pokoleń
  217. ↑ amb. Henryk LIPSZYC
  218. ↑ Macrae, Norman. (2000). John von Neumann: the Scientific Genius who Pioneered the Modern Computer, p. 406.
  219. ↑ Honor awarded 1918 -- RAF web page
  220. ↑ Honor awarded 1994 -- Weatherhead East Asian Institute, The Reed
  221. ↑ Honor awarded 1874 -- "A Victory for the Chinese; Japanese Driven with Heavy Loss from Ping-yang," New York Times, 22 August 1894.
  222. ↑ Spotkanie z prof. Franciszkiem Ziejką
  223. ↑ Ozaki, Yukio. (2001). ''The Autobiography of Ozaki Yukio: The Struggle for Constitutional Government in Japan, p. 393.
  224. ↑ Russian: «Полный послужной список Корпуса Инженер Механиков Генерал-Майора Зарубина 1-го» (ЦГАВМФ СССР Фонд 406 опись 3 дело 960 лист 21 (оборотный)); English: "A full track record of Mechanical Engineering Corps Major-General Zarubin 1st" (Central State Archive of the Navy of the Soviet Union (Russian State Naval Archives now), Fond 406 inventory 3 file 960 sheet 21 (reverse side)).

References

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