Oral, Kazakhstan

Oral/Uralsk
Уральск
Орал

Seal
Oral/Uralsk

Location in Kazakhstan

Coordinates: 51°14′0″N 51°22′0″E / 51.23333°N 51.36667°E
Country Kazakhstan
Region West Kazakhstan Region
Founded 1584
Incorporated (city) 1613
Government
  Akim (mayor) Altay Seydirovich Kulginov
Area
  City 700 km2 (300 sq mi)
Elevation 35 m (115 ft)
Population (2012)
  City 271,900
  Density 300/km2 (800/sq mi)
  Urban 202,161
Time zone UTC+5 (UTC+5)
Postal code 090000 - 090013
Area code(s) +7 7112 [1]
Vehicle registration L
Website uralsk.gov.kz

Oral (Kazakh: Орал), Uralsk (Russian: Уральск) in Russian, formerly known as Yaitsk (Russian: Яицк, until 1775), is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence of the Ural and Chogan Rivers close to the Russian border. As it is located on the western side of the Ural river, it is considered geographically in Europe. It is the capital of the West Kazakhstan Region. Ethnic composition is dominated by Kazakhs (60%). Population: 271,900 (2009 Census results);[2] 194,905 (1999 Census results).[2]

Oral is an agricultural and industrial center, and has been an important trade stop since its founding. Barge traffic has passed up and down the Ural River between the Caspian Sea and the Ural Mountains for centuries. Today it is one of the major entry points for rail traffic from Europe to Siberia, servicing the many new oil fields in the Caspian basin and the industrial cities of the southern Urals. It is served by Oral Ak Zhol Airport.

History

Oral, founded in 1613 by Cossacks, was originally named Yaitsk, after the Yaik river, the name of the Ural river at the time. Because the Yaik Cossacks (Ural Cossacks) sided with the insurrectionists during the rebellions of Stenka Razin and Pugachev, Empress Catherine II declared on January 15, 1775 that the Yaik river would henceforth be renamed the Ural River and Yaitsk would be known as Uralsk.

The city was captured by Pugachev, and its fortress besieged from December 30, 1773 to April 17, 1774. Czarist troops under Commander Mantsurov took the city after Golytsin had taken the city of Orenburg from the rebel forces.

Pushkin visited the city with his friend Vladimir Dahl in September 1833 while doing research for his book The History of Pugachev and his novel The Captain's Daughter.

The city was under siege imposed by Cossaks during the Russian Civil War. Mikhail Frunze, Vasily Chapaev and Georgy Zhukov participated in the defence. Uralsk was renamed Oral (it is never officially renamed to Oral. Oral is a Kazakh translation of Uralsk) after the independence of Kazakhstan in 1991.

Geography

Climate

The climate of Oral is continental with long cold winters and warm, often hot summers. Under the Köppen climate classification, Oral has a hot summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa).

Climate data for Oral
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 6.6
(43.9)
5.6
(42.1)
21.6
(70.9)
31.1
(88)
35.4
(95.7)
40.6
(105.1)
41.6
(106.9)
40.7
(105.3)
38.8
(101.8)
28.0
(82.4)
18.0
(64.4)
8.7
(47.7)
41.6
(106.9)
Average high °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3)
−6.2
(20.8)
0.4
(32.7)
14.1
(57.4)
22.7
(72.9)
28.1
(82.6)
29.9
(85.8)
28.2
(82.8)
21.6
(70.9)
12.0
(53.6)
1.5
(34.7)
−4.7
(23.5)
11.8
(53.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −10.4
(13.3)
−10.6
(12.9)
−4.1
(24.6)
7.9
(46.2)
15.7
(60.3)
21.0
(69.8)
22.9
(73.2)
20.9
(69.6)
14.4
(57.9)
6.3
(43.3)
−2.0
(28.4)
−8.2
(17.2)
6.2
(43.2)
Average low °C (°F) −14.2
(6.4)
−14.8
(5.4)
−8.2
(17.2)
2.4
(36.3)
8.8
(47.8)
14.0
(57.2)
16.0
(60.8)
14.1
(57.4)
8.2
(46.8)
1.9
(35.4)
−5.1
(22.8)
−11.7
(10.9)
1.0
(33.8)
Record low °C (°F) −43.1
(−45.6)
−40.5
(−40.9)
−35.2
(−31.4)
−24.3
(−11.7)
−6.8
(19.8)
−1.1
(30)
4.3
(39.7)
0.4
(32.7)
−7.6
(18.3)
−19.2
(−2.6)
−32.6
(−26.7)
−39.2
(−38.6)
−43.1
(−45.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28
(1.1)
20
(0.79)
23
(0.91)
21
(0.83)
29
(1.14)
32
(1.26)
43
(1.69)
26
(1.02)
28
(1.1)
40
(1.57)
29
(1.14)
29
(1.14)
348
(13.7)
Avg. rainy days 6 4 6 9 10 11 10 9 10 11 10 7 103
Avg. snowy days 20 16 10 2 0.2 0 0 0 0 3 11 18 80.2
Average relative humidity (%) 83 81 81 65 55 57 58 57 61 73 83 83 70
Mean monthly sunshine hours 83.7 121.5 164.3 228.0 313.1 303.0 325.5 294.5 219.0 136.4 63.0 65.1 2,317.1
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[3]
Source #2: Hong Kong Observatory[4]

Sport

Rauan Issaliyev, captain of Kazakhstan national bandy team is from Oral

FC Akzhaiyk are a Kazakhstani football club based in the P. Atoyan stadium in Oral.

There's also a bandy club called Akzhaiyk, which is the only professional team in the country and plays in the 2nd highest division of Russia.[5] There home arena Yunost stadium will become equipped for artificial ice in 2015. All the players of the Youth-23 national team on the 2013-14 season comes from here. The first international bandy championships in Kazakhstan was held in the city in the 1990:s, WCS for boys U15. The city sent a team to the Spartakiade 2009 and finished 2nd.[6] After the Kazakhstan national bandy team took the gold medal at the 2011 Asian Winter Games, the troup came back to Oral in triumph.[7]

A few former residents now live in Germany and play for the German national team.

Gallery

Sister cities

References

  1. CODE OF ACCESS
  2. 2.0 2.1 "Население Республики Казахстан" (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  3. "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  4. "Climatological Information for Uralsk, Kazakhstan". Hong Kong Observatory. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  5. http://www.livetv.ru/en/matchstory/06728rhjjfjyiijbkjj/11/
  6. http://akghaik.ucoz.ru/photo/9-1-0-0-2
  7. Video from the triumphant homecoming

External links

Coordinates: 51°14′N 51°22′E / 51.233°N 51.367°E