Oba Chandler

Oba Chandler

Mug shot of Oba Chandler
Born October 11, 1946
Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Died November 15, 2011 (aged 65)
Raiford, Florida, United States
Other names Dave Posner or Posno
Occupation Building contractor
Criminal penalty
 Death sentence
Criminal status Executed
Children 8
Conviction(s) First degree murder, armed robbery

Oba Chandler (October 11, 1946 – November 15, 2011) was an American man convicted and executed for the June 1989 triple murders of Joan Rogers and her two daughters, whose bodies were found floating in Tampa Bay, Florida, with their hands and feet bound. Concrete blocks had been tied to their necks and duct tape placed over their mouths. Autopsies showed the victims had been thrown into the water while still alive. The case became high-profile in 1992 when police posted billboards showing enlargements of samples of an unknown suspect's handwriting, which were found on a pamphlet in the victims' car. Chandler was identified as the killer when his neighbor recognized the writing. This was the first such use of billboards by police in the US and they became useful tools in later searches for missing people.

Prior to his arrest, Chandler worked as an aluminum building contractor. He testified in his own defense against the advice of his attorneys and said that he had met the Ohio women and had given them directions, but said he never saw them again aside from in newspaper coverage and on the billboards set up by investigators. Police originally theorized that two men were involved in the murders of the Rogers women, but this was discounted once Chandler was arrested. Following his conviction, Chandler was incarcerated at Union Correctional Institution, and during his 17 years of incarceration until his execution, he was notable as not having had a single visitor.

On October 10, 2011, Florida Governor Rick Scott signed a death warrant for Chandler, whose execution was set for November 15, 2011, at 4:00 pm. Chandler was executed with a lethal injection and was pronounced dead just after 4:25 pm. He wrote a last statement to prison officials which said, "You are killing a (sic) innocent man today"; it was read out at a post-execution news conference.

In February 2014 DNA evidence identified Oba Chandler as the murderer of Ivelisse Berrios-Beguerisse, who was found dead in Coral Springs on November 27, 1990.

Early life

Background

Chandler was born to Oba Chandler Sr. and Margaret Johnson and was raised in Cincinnati, Ohio.[1] Chandler was the fourth of five children. When he was 10 years old in June 1957, his father hanged himself in the basement of the family's apartment.[1] Chandler reportedly jumped into his father's open grave at the funeral as the gravediggers were covering the coffin with dirt.[1][2] Chandler fathered eight children, reportedly by seven women; his youngest child was born in February 1989. Between May and September 1991—concurrent with the police investigation of the Rogers family triple murder—Chandler was an informant for the U.S. Customs Bureau's Tampa office.[2][3]

Crimes and incidents

When Chandler was 14, he was stealing cars and was arrested 20 times while he was a juvenile.[1] As an adult, he was charged with a variety of crimes, including possession of counterfeit money, loitering and prowling, burglary, kidnapping and armed robbery.[4] He was also accused of masturbating while peering inside a woman's window, and on another occasion of receiving 21 wigs stolen from a beauty parlor. In one incident, Chandler and an accomplice broke into a Florida couple's home, held them at gunpoint and robbed them. Chandler told his accomplice to tie up the man with speaker wire and took the woman into the bedroom, where he made her strip to her underwear, tied her up and rubbed the barrel of his revolver across her stomach.[2]

Murder victims

Courtney Campbell Causeway from the Clearwater side of the bridge.

On May 26, 1989, Joan "Jo" Rogers, 36, and her daughters—Michelle, 17, and Christe, 14—left their family dairy farm in Willshire, Ohio, for a vacation in Florida.[5] They had never before left their home state. The authorities believe the women became lost while driving from Orlando on their way back to Willshire on June 1 and decided to take an extra vacation day in Tampa. While looking for their hotel they encountered Chandler, who gave them directions and offered to meet them again later to take them on a sunset cruise of Tampa Bay.[1] The Rogers women had left Orlando around 9 am that morning[6] and checked into the Days Inn on Route 60 at 12:30 pm.[7] Photographs developed from a roll of film from a camera found in Rogers' hotel room show Michelle sitting on the floor of the room, and the last photo is a shot taken from the hotel balcony showing the beginning sunset over Tampa Bay, confirming the women were alive and had not left their hotel room as the sunset began.[8] They were last seen alive at the hotel restaurant around 7:30 pm. It is believed they boarded Chandler's boat at the dock on the Courtney Campbell Causeway (part of Route 60) between 8:30 and 9:00 pm, and that they were dead by 3 am.[9] Chandler could have used the fact that he was born in Ohio to lure them into feeling connected with him.[10] Chandler knew the women were not from Florida because he saw their Ohio car license plates.[11][12]

Sunshine Skyway over Tampa Bay where the first body was found on June 4, 1989

The women's bodies were found floating in Tampa Bay on June 4, 1989.[13] The first body was found floating when a sailboat crossed under the Sunshine Skyway; several people on board saw an object in the water.[14] The second body was floating north of the first's position, two miles off The Pier in St. Petersburg. While the Coast Guard went to recover the second body, a call came in of a third, which was seen floating 200 yards to the east. All three female bodies were found floating face down, bound with a rope around the neck and naked below the waist.[15]

Autopsies showed the three women had been thrown into the water while still alive:[16] water was found in their lungs. Michelle— identified as the second body found—had freed one arm from her bonds before she drowned. The partially dressed bodies of all three women indicated that the underlying crime was sexual assault.[16] Concrete blocks were tied around their necks to ensure they died from either suffocation or drowning, and to make sure the bodies were never found.[17][18] However, the bodies were found when they bloated as a result of decomposition and floated to the surface.[16][19]

Investigation

One of the body bags used at the scene on June 4, 1989.
The Rogers's bodies underwent decomposition while underwater due to hot temperatures. Because of this, they weren't identified for a week after their remains were located [20]

The women were not positively identified until a week after their bodies' discovery, by which time they had been reported missing in Ohio by their husband and father, Hal Rogers.[21] A housekeeper at the Days Inn said on June 8 that the women's room had not been disturbed and the beds had not been slept in. The hotel manager contacted the police.[16] Fingerprints found in the room were matched to the bodies; final confirmation of their identification came from dental records.[22] Marine researchers at Florida International University estimated from currents and patterns that the women were thrown from a boat—and not from a bridge or dry land—between two and five days before they were found. The Rogers car, a 1984 Oldsmobile Calais with Ohio license plates, was found at the boat dock on the Courtney Campbell Causeway.[21]

Facts and arrest

The writing on the note written on Joan Rogers's map, which was used to identify Chandler as the killer

The case remained unsolved for over three years, partly due to the volume of tips received by the police investigators. The biggest tip was from a Madeira Beach police bulletin describing a similar rape of a 24-year-old Canadian tourist some two weeks before the murders (See below under "Witnesses").[23] Chandler was arrested for the murders on September 24, 1992[14] .[23] His handwritten directions on a brochure found in the Rogers vehicle, and a description of his boat written by Jo Rogers on the brochure, were the primary clues that led to his being named a suspect.[24][25] Police posted images of Chandler's handwriting from the brochure on billboards in the Tampa Bay area, leading to a call from a former neighbor of Chandler who provided a copy of a work order that Chandler had written.[26][27] This was the first such use of billboards by police in the US and they became useful tools in later searches for missing people.[28] Through handwriting analysis, the two samples were conclusively matched.[23] Another neighbor, and one of the secretaries on the investigative task force, thought that Chandler resembled the composite sketch of the suspect in the seemingly related rape case. A palm print from the brochure was also matched to Chandler. He had sold his boat and left town with his family soon after the billboards appeared.[29] In 1990, when the television show Unsolved Mysteries was about to report on the deaths of the Rogers family, Chandler and his then-wife moved from their home on Dalton Avenue in Tampa to Port Orange near Daytona Beach.[23]

Second suspect theory

Investigators originally theorized that two men were involved in the murders of the Rogers women and this was re-enacted in a 1990 episode of Unsolved Mysteries.[30] This theory was dismissed when Chandler was arrested. No evidence—other than a former prison cellmate's claim that Chandler said another man whom the cellmate claimed to know the identity of but would not name—of the involvement of anyone other than Chandler has ever surfaced.[31] The second-suspect theory was belied by Chandler's approach of the two Canadian female tourists – that he was willing to approach more than one potential target by himself.[32]

Hal Rogers's brother John was also considered a suspect even though he was in state prison serving a term for the rape of Hal's daughter Michelle at the time.[14] Police investigating a case of sexual assault of a woman who shared John Rogers's trailer found evidence indicating that he had also sexually assaulted his niece Michelle. The St. Petersburg Times said that he may have planned the murder as he had visited his and Hal's parents' property near Tampa a month before the murders. However, as the police established he could not have hired a professional killer, did not have accomplices, and could not have known the timing of his sister-in-law's and nieces' trip, John was dismissed as a suspect.[32]

Hal Rogers was also considered a suspect because he had posted bail for his brother, knowing of his abuse of Michelle.[33] Hal Rogers later said he had promised the family to make bail and would not go back on his promise.[19] Investigators from Florida and Ohio also discovered that Hal Rogers had withdrawn $7,000 from his bank at the time of the disappearance,[32] which he was able to account for. He had planned on using it to look for his wife and daughters before he was notified of their deaths. Investigations conclusively proved he had never left Ohio during that period.[30] The rape of Michelle Rogers and the hype from local people was one of the reasons for the Florida trip, so Michelle, her sister and her mother could distance themselves from the incident.[33]

Trial

Chandler's testimony

At his trial in Clearwater, Florida, Chandler said he met the Rogers women and gave them directions, but said he never saw them again except in the newspaper and on billboards.[34] He never told the authorities that he had seen the women.[35] He acknowledged he was on Tampa Bay that night—the police had evidence of three ship-to-shore telephone calls made from his boat to his home during the time frame of the murders—but Chandler said he was fishing alone. He said that he returned home late because his engine would not start, which he attributed to a gas line leak.[34] He said he had called the Coast Guard and Florida Marine Patrol, and had flagged down a patrol boat, but both were too busy to help.[35] He said he fixed the line with duct tape and returned safely to shore.[36] However, there were no records of distress calls from Chandler to either the Coast Guard or the Marine Patrol that night, nor were there any Coast Guard boats on the bay the following morning to help him.[14] According to a boat mechanic who testified for the prosecution, Chandler's explanation of repairing the boat's alleged gas leak was not tenable because the fuel lines in Chandler's boat—a Bayliner—were directed upward.[34] A leak would have sprayed fuel into the air rather than into the boat, and the corrosive gasoline would have eaten away the adhesive properties of the duct tape Chandler said he used to repair the purported leak.[14] Under interrogation from Pinellas County prosecutor, Douglas Crow,[37] Chandler then said he could not remember.[34]

Witnesses

A woman named Judy Blair testified that on May 15, 1989—two weeks prior to the Rogers murders—Chandler invited her onto his boat in nearby Madeira Beach for a boat trip on Tampa Bay, raped her, then returned her to land. Blair had been with her friend Barbara Mottram, who refused Chandler's offer to join them on the boat. After she was allegedly raped, Blair returned to her hotel room where Mottram was waiting.[38] He was not charged or tried for this crime.[38] Blair testified during Chandler's trial for the murders to establish his pattern of attack and the similarities between the two crimes. Blair testified that on May 14, Chandler gave his name as Dave Posner or Posno when the three first met at a convenience store in Tampa.[38] He told Blair and Mottram he was in the aluminum contracting business, which helped lead investigators to him. It also inspired the naming of the investigation to capture him: Operation Tin Man.[39] Blair's description which led to a composite being made was posted on the billboards along with the handwriting samples.[40][41]

A former employee of Chandler's testified that Chandler bragged of dating three women on the bay that night, and that the next morning he arrived and delivered materials for a job by boat and immediately set out again.[42] In an attempt to establish Chandler's whereabouts on the night of the murders, investigators found records of several ship-to-shore telephone calls made from his boat to his home between 1 am and 5 am, which may have been attempts to explain his absence to his wife[43] and to provide himself with an alibi for the time of the murders. Chandler's daughter Kristal May Sue testified that her father had talked about killing three women and that he was afraid of returning to Tampa.[44] A maid who worked at the motel where the Rogers women stayed testified that she walked past Oba Chandler on June 1 as she was heading for the Rogers's room for room service. The maid said she did not realize the significance of this sighting until Chandler's arrest in 1992, although the sighting has never been confirmed.[38] Michelle's boyfriend and Hal Rogers also took the stand during trial.[44]

Sentence and aftermath

Jo, Michelle and Christe Rogers were buried in their hometown on June 13, 1989, after a funeral service attended by about 300 family and friends.[45][46] Numerous police officers were present to keep news media and crews out of the church during the funeral.[46]

Chandler was tried and found guilty of the murders, and was given a death sentence on November 4, 1994.[47][48][49] Chandler maintained his innocence, and continued to pursue legal appeals while on Florida's Death Row.[50] He admitted the Madeira Beach incident but said the sex was consensual and that the victim changed her mind during the act. Since Chandler had already been sentenced to death for the Rogers family murders and prosecutors did not want to subject Blair to the emotional trauma of a rape trial, Chandler was never prosecuted for Blair's rape.[47]

Union Correctional Institution where Chandler served his prison sentence.

Chandler served his sentence at Union Correctional Institution.[51] Shortly after the trial and conviction, his wife Debra filed for divorce and their marriage was formally dissolved a year later. Chandler was no longer allowed to see his daughter Whitney, and in accordance with his ex-wife's wishes he was not allowed to see later photographs of Whitney.[52] In July 2008, Chandler was on Florida's short list of executions.[53] Profiling experts speculated that Chandler may have killed previously, based on the suspicion that a first-time killer would not be experienced or bold enough to abduct and kill three women at once. Chandler remained a suspect in the 1982 murder of a woman found floating off Anna Maria Island[54] until 2011, when the body was identified as 29-year-old Amy Hurst and her husband was arrested and charged with her murder.[55] Chandler was never charged with murders other than those of the Rogers women.[56] All of Chandler's appeals since his 1994 conviction were denied; his last was in May 2007.[57]

After his conviction, Chandler was named by media as one of Florida's most notorious criminals.[58] Chandler said that his last words before his execution would be "Kiss my rosy red ass".[59] In May 2011, comparisons were drawn between the murder case and upcoming trial of Casey Anthony and Chandler's case and trial in 1994; in both cases the heightened media attention forced the jurors to be selected from outside the county of the committed crime.[60] One of the jurors in Chandler's 1994 trial identified as Roseann Welton said that, "He scared some of the jurors when he would sit there and stare at you and have that stupid grin on his face. He would make your skin crawl."[60]

Execution

Florida Supreme Court which upheld Oba Chandler's death sentences in 1997 and 2003.

On October 10, 2011—the day before Chandler's 65th birthday—Florida Governor Rick Scott signed a death warrant for Chandler. His execution was set for November 15, 2011, at 4:00 pm.[61][62] Chandler's lawyer, Baya Harrison, said that Chandler asked him not to file any frivolous appeals to keep him alive. Harrison said, "He is not putting a lot of pressure on me to go running around at the end to find some magic way out. He is not going to make a scene. He's not going to bemoan the legal system. What he has told me is this: if there is some legal way that I can find to try to prevent him from being executed, he would like me to do what I reasonably can."[61] Harrison also said that Chandler suffered from high-blood pressure and coronary artery disease and had problems with his kidneys and with arthritis.[63]

On October 12, 2011, Harrison said that although he was preparing to file a motion regarding the violation of his client's Fifth and 14th Amendment rights in the case, he was unsure that Chandler was willing to travel to Clearwater, Florida for the court hearing or would agree to the filing of the motion. "He hates coming down to Clearwater. He doesn't like the ride and he's not well," Harrison said.[64] On October 18, 2011, Harrison filed a motion against the execution on the grounds that the way Florida imposes the death penalty is unconstitutional.[65] A jury makes a recommendation on a life sentence or a death sentence, but under Florida law the judge makes the final decision.[65] A hearing on Chandler's motion was set for October 21 at 1:00 pm; Chandler did not attend.[65] On October 24, Chandler's appeal was rejected because he had already filed an appeal to the Florida Supreme Court prior to the decision.[66] This appeal was heard in a court in Tallahassee at 9:00 am on November 9, 2011. The Florida Supreme Court had already upheld Oba Chandler's death sentence twice; once in 1997 and again in 2003.[66][67]

One of the execution chambers located in Florida State Prison.

On November 15, Chandler chose a last meal consisting of two salami sandwiches on white bread, one peanut butter sandwich on white bread and iced tea.[68] The execution process started at 4:08 pm and at approximately 4:25 pm Chandler was pronounced dead after receiving a lethal injection at the Florida State Prison in Raiford, Florida.[69][70] Chandler declined to make a last statement before being executed.[71][72] Hal Rogers attended the execution.[73] Former St. Petersburg homicide detective Cindra Leedy who investigated the case said in a press conference that "I'm glad there's finally an end to this. He doesn't deserve to live, he needs to die".[42][74]

Chandler left a last statement to prison officials on a piece of paper, which was read out in a news conference after the execution. It said, "You are killing an innocent man today".[75][76] Shortly after signing Chandler's death warrant Governor Rick Scott said, "[Chandler] killed three women, so I looked through different cases, and it made sense to do that one. There's never one thing. It was the right case."[77]

Chandler's daughter Valerie Troxell said in an interview after the execution that, "I believe they did execute an innocent man. I don't think one person could have pulled off such a heinous crime. It would have to have been more than one person ... The forensic evidence was not there. The palm print would prove he did meet them and gave them directions, but it didn't mean he killed them. I think the prosecution had a very weak case".[75] Troxell also said that she had sent a letter to Florida Governor Rick Scott asking him to commute Chandler's sentence to life in prison.[78]

Chandler's son Jeff said, "I truly believe he was tried and convicted by the media long before he went to trial. The media can pretty much convict you. I don't think he got a fair trial."[78] After his execution, Chandler was described as the "loneliest man in the loneliest place on earth, death row"; he did not receive a single visitor during his years on Florida's death row unit.[72][78]

Another one of Chandler's daughters, named "Suzette", said her father was a monster who got what he deserved.

Coral Springs murder

On February 25, 2014, investigators revealed that DNA evidence identified Oba Chandler as the murderer of Ivelisse Berrios-Beguerisse, who was raped and strangled to death in Coral Springs on November 27, 1990.[79]

The 20-year-old newlywed was last seen at the Sawgrass Mills Mall where she worked at a sporting goods store. When she did not come home her husband went to the mall and found her car, a 1985 Ford Tempo, with the tires slashed. It is believed that Chandler, after scoping out the victim over a couple of days, slashed the tires and came up in the guise of a Good Samaritan and offered to help. Three hours after she was reported missing her body was found under a residential mailbox in a local neighborhood by two men returning from a fishing trip.[80][81]

When found, Ivelisse's body was nude and had ligature marks on both wrists and legs and brown tape stuck to her hair.[82] The case is considered solved and closed according to police.

Police agencies all across Florida are looking into other unsolved homicides and other crimes in areas Chandler was known to have resided. At the time of the Berrios murder he and his family lived some two miles from the mall.[83]

Media on the subject

The Discovery Channel devoted a one-hour episode of its series Scene of the Crime titled "The Tin Man" to the murder of the Rogers family.[84] In 1997, a series of articles titled "Angels & Demons" written by Thomas French, which told the story of the murders, the capture and conviction of Chandler and the impact of the crimes on the Rogers' family and community in Ohio, was published in the newspaper St. Petersburg Times.[85] The series won a 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing.[2] The Rogers murders were featured in an episode of Unsolved Mysteries in 1990, which speculated that there were two attackers.[2][86] The 2000 book Bodies in the Bay, by Mason Ramsey, is a fictionalized adaptation of the Chandler case.[2] Author Don Davis in 2007 published the book "Death Cruise" covering the murders.[87][88]

The case was featured in a 1999 episode of Cold Case Files on A&E entitled "Bodies in the Bay," which also focused on the evidence in the case.[89] In 1995 Oba Chandler, some members of his family and Hal Rogers appeared in an episode of the Maury Povich Show featuring the case. Chandler appeared via satellite link.[5] Chandler's case was featured in a full-hour episode of Crime Stories.[89] The case was shown on an episode of Forensic Files entitled "Water Logged" in December 2010. In 2012 Investigation Discovery show On the Case with Paula Zahn aired two episodes called "Murder at Sunset" covering the case.[90] In August 2014 the ID series "Murder in Paradise" covered the case.[91][92]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 4: The Tin Man". St. Petersburg Times. p. 2. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 5: Silver Bullet". St. Petersburg Times. p. 3. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  3. ↑ "Triple-Murder Suspect Worked as Informant". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. October 2, 1992. p. 6B. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  4. ↑ U.S. 11th Circuit Court of Appeals (December 18, 2006). "Oba Chandler v. James McDonough, Charlie Crist". FindLaw. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Saunders, Jim (June 10, 1989). "Vacation turned into a nightmare". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 4. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  6. ↑ French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 3. Retrieved June 2, 2009.
  7. ↑ "Lakeland Ledger - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  8. ↑ French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
  9. ↑ "Toledo Blade - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  10. ↑ Saunders, Jim (June 10, 1989). "One-stoplight town jolted by 3 slayings in Florida". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 1. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  11. ↑ French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 9. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
  12. ↑ "Sarasota Herald-Tribune - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  13. ↑ "The Bryan Times - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Nealy, Jounice L. (November 3, 2000). "Killer tries again for new trial". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  15. ↑ "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 10. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  17. ↑ "The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  18. ↑ "The Tuscaloosa News - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Lakeland Ledger - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  20. ↑ Bourdett, Paul, prod. "Water Logged." Forensic Files. Dir. Michael Jordan. HLN. 10 Dec. 2010. Television
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 12. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  22. ↑ "The Milwaukee Journal - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 Lis, John (September 26, 1992). "Farmer who lost kin bitter about rumours". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2009.
  24. ↑ "Toledo Blade - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Gainesville Sun - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  26. ↑ "Oba Chandler Billboard | Handwriting is on billboard for suspect Far-fetched idea meets with success: Accused murderer is behind bars". The Baltimore Sun. Knight-Ridder Newspapers. November 17, 1992. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  27. ↑ Thalji, Jamal; Pittman, Craig (November 14, 2011). "Oba Chandler's execution stirs emotions for those who sought justice". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved September 30, 2012.
  28. ↑ "Billboards help take a bite out of crime". Myfoxcarolinas.com. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  29. ↑ Montaldo, Charles. "Oba Chandler: Florida Death Row Inmate". About.com. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 11. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  31. ↑ "Lakeland Ledger - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 2: Haunted". St. Petersburg Times. p. 4. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 1: Sunset". St. Petersburg Times. p. 6. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Allen Jr., Eddie B. (September 22, 1994). "Chandler". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 6. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Accused triple killer will testify". Boca Raton News. Associated Press. September 20, 1994. p. 2B. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
  36. ↑ Pittman, Craig (August 3, 1994). "Prosecutors: Chandler's talk is his undoing". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  37. ↑ Pittman, Craig (August 3, 1994). "Prosecutors%3A Chandler%27s talk is his undoing". Tampa Bay Times (Pqasb.pqarchiver.com). Retrieved August 26, 2012.(subscription required)
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Supreme Court of Florida (April 17, 2003). "Oba Chandler v. State of Florida". FindLaw. Retrieved June 25, 2009.
  39. ↑ French, Thomas (November 15, 2011). "Watching Oba Chandler die brings relief, but no justice for tormented husband and father". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  40. ↑ "Gainesville Sun - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  41. ↑ "CHANDLER v. STATE, No. SC01-1468., April 17, 2003". Florida Supreme Court. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Farlow, Rita (October 12, 2011). "Detective in Oba Chandler case spent years working to find killer". Tampa Bay Times
  43. ↑ "Man identifies slain wife,daughters". Ocala Star-Banner. Associated Press. September 21, 1994. p. 3B. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 Allen Jr., Eddie B. (September 22, 1994). "Testimony implicates Chandler". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 1. Retrieved September 1, 2009.
  45. ↑ Carr, Donald D. (June 1, 1990). "Triple murder still haunts the small town of Willshire". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 1. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 Weiss, Mitch (June 14, 1989). "Murder victims buried in Ohio". Gainesville Sun. p. 3B. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Man Found Guilty of Killing 3 Tourists". The New York Times. Associated Press. October 1, 1994. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  48. ↑ "Chandler gets three death sentences in Bay slayings". Boca Raton News. Associated Press. November 5, 1994. p. 5B. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  49. ↑ French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 7: The Magic Kingdom". St. Petersburg Times. p. 2. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  50. ↑ Lis, John (September 26, 1992). "Slain family". The Blade (Toledo, Ohio). p. 5. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  51. ↑ "Judge rejects killer's appeal". St. Petersburg Times. June 29, 2001. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  52. ↑ French, Thomas. "Angels & Demons Chapter 7: The Magic Kingdom". St. Petersburg Times. p. 6. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  53. ↑ "5 bay area killers on short list for execution". St. Petersburg Times. July 3, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  54. ↑ Brassfield, Mike (June 22, 2001). "Body raises specter of notorious case". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
  55. ↑ Leskanic, Todd (September 22, 2011). "Almost 3 decades later, arrest made in homicide". TBO.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2012.
  56. ↑ "Oba Chandler inmate status". Florida Commission on Capital Cases. August 25, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2010.
  57. ↑ "Condemned killer, who dumped 3 bodies in bay, loses appeal". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. Associated Press. April 18, 2003. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
  58. ↑ Word, Ron (December 28, 1994). "Florida sends notorious criminals to death row in 1994". The Ledger (Lakeland, Florida). p. 8B. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
  59. ↑ "Killer chooses defiant last words for execution day". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. February 20, 1995. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Shaw, Rob (May 23, 2011). "Long before Casey Anthony, Pinellas was the one importing a jury". TBO.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2011.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 Fineout, Gary; Farrington, Brendan. "Oba Chandler execution date set for November". Wane.com (LIN Television Corporation). Associated Press. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  62. ↑ Thalji, Jamal. "Oba Chandler execution set". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on October 12, 2011. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
  63. ↑ Thalji, Jamal (October 11, 2011). "Hal Rogers unsure if he will witness Oba Chandler execution". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  64. ↑ Krueger, Curtis (October 12, 2011). "Triple murderer Oba Chandler may not come to Pinellas hearing on his execution". TBO.com. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 Arja, Tanya (October 19, 2011). "Chandler appeals execution, cites recent ruling". MyFoxTampaBay. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Thalji, Jamal (October 24, 2011). "Oba Chandler's last appeal rejected by Pinellas judge; next stop is Florida Supreme Court". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
  67. ↑ "Florida ejecuta a un reo acusado del asesinato de una mujer y sus dos hijas noticias Internacional actualidad". Actualidad.orange.es. November 16, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
  68. ↑ Nash, Tamara (November 15, 2011). "With his execution set for today, convicted murderer Oba Chandler makes last meal request". ABC Action News (The E.W. Scripps Company). Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  69. ↑ Burrage, Gregg (November 15, 2011). "Death penalty dealt to infamous Tampa Bay rapist and killer Oba Chandler". ABC Action News (The E.W. Scripps Company). Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  70. ↑ "Minute by minute account of the execution of Oba Chandler". ABC Action News. The E.W. Scripps Company. November 16, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  71. ↑ Peltier, Michael; Leckrone, Jim (November 16, 2011). "Florida and Ohio execute men over two triple murders". Reuters. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Stebner, Beth (November 16, 2011). "'Evil' man who raped and killed mother and two daughters executed in Florida – after 17 years on death row without any visitors and a three-sandwich last meal". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers Ltd). Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  73. ↑ "Florida carries out execution of Oba Chandler, killer of 3". Palm Beach Post. November 16, 2012.
  74. ↑ Mascarenas, Isabel (October 11, 2011). "Detectives on Oba Chandler case say he deserves to be executed". 10 News Tampa Bay WTSP.com (Pacific and Southern Company, Inc).
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  76. ↑ Good, Meaghan (November 15, 2012). "2011: Oba Chandler". Executedtoday.com. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
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  82. ↑ "Coral Springs PD solve 23-year-old cold case". 7 News. February 25, 2014.
  83. ↑ "Police: Notorious killer Oba Chandler's DNA links him to 1990 South Florida murder | Tampa Bay Times". Tampabay.com. February 25, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
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  85. ↑ "Pulitzer Prize winner Thomas French returning to teach at the IU School of Journalism". Indiana University School of Journalism. August 28, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
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  87. ↑ "Death Cruise". Retrieved January 2, 2015.
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  90. ↑ "On the Case with Paula Zahn:Murder at Sunset Parts 1 and 2". (in English). September 16, 2009. Investigation Discovery. Archived from the original on January 31, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  91. ↑ "Notorious Tampa Bay murder case to be featured on Investigation Discovery". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
  92. ↑ "Documentary looks at Florida slayings". JournalGazette. Retrieved September 22, 2014.

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