OPN3

Opsin 3

Identifiers

OPN3 ; ECPN; PPP1R116

External IDs

OMIM: 606695 MGI: 1338022 HomoloGene: 40707 IUPHAR: 160 GeneCards: OPN3 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity • G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity • photoreceptor activity
Cellular component	• integral component of plasma membrane • integral component of membrane
Biological process	• G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • phototransduction • detection of light stimulus • detection of visible light • protein-chromophore linkage • regulation of circadian rhythm
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1:
241.75 – 241.84 Mb

Chr 1:
175.66 – 175.69 Mb

PubMed search

Opsin-3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the OPN3 gene.^[1]^[2]^[3] Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms.

Function

Opsins are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In addition to the visual opsins, mammals possess several photoreceptive non-visual opsins that are expressed in tissues outside the eye. The opsin-3 gene is strongly expressed in brain and testis and weakly expressed in liver, placenta, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. The gene may also be expressed in the retina. The protein has the canonical features of a photoreceptive opsin protein.^[3]

References

↑ Blackshaw S, Snyder SH (Jun 1999). "Encephalopsin: a novel mammalian extraretinal opsin discretely localized in the brain". J Neurosci 19 (10): 3681–90. PMID 10234000.
↑ Halford S, Freedman MS, Bellingham J, Inglis SL, Poopalasundaram S, Soni BG, Foster RG, Hunt DM; Freedman (Jun 2001). "Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43". Genomics 72 (2): 203–8. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6469. PMID 11401433.
↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: OPN3 opsin 3 (encephalopsin, panopsin)".

Bonaldo MF; Lennon G; Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Halford S; Bellingham J; Ocaka L et al. (2002). "Assignment of panopsin (OPN3) to human chromosome band 1q43 by in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrids". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 95 (3–4): 234–5. doi:10.1159/000059351. PMID 12063405.
Kasper G; Taudien S; Staub E et al. (2003). "Different structural organization of the encephalopsin gene in man and mouse". Gene 295 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00799-0. PMID 12242008.
Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Alam NA; Gorman P; Jaeger EE et al. (2004). "Germline deletions of EXO1 do not cause colorectal tumors and lesions which are null for EXO1 do not have microsatellite instability". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 147 (2): 121–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(03)00196-1. PMID 14623461.
Gerhard DS; Wagner L; Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
Gregory SG; Barlow KF; McLay KE et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Cell surface receptor: G protein-coupled receptors

Class A: Rhodopsin like

Neurotransmitter

Adrenergic	α1 (A B D) α2 (A B C) β1 β2 β3

Purinergic	Adenosine (A1 A2A A2B A3) P2Y (1 2 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14)

Serotonin	(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A B D E F) 5-HT2 (A B C) 5-HT (4 5A 6 7)

Other	Acetylcholine (M1 M2 M3 M4 M5) Dopamine (D1 D2 D3 D4 D5) Histamine (H1 H2 H3 H4) Melatonin (1A 1B 1C) TAAR (1 2 3 5 6 8 9)

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1 2) LTB4 (1 2) FPRL1 OXE Prostaglandin (DP (1 2), EP (1 2 3 4), FP) Prostacyclin Thromboxane

Other	Bile acid Cannabinoid (CB1 CB2, GPR (18 55 119)) EBI2 Estrogen Free fatty acid (1 2 3 4) Lactate Lysophosphatidic acid (1 2 3 4 5 6) Lysophospholipid (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) Niacin (1 2) Oxoglutarate PAF Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1 2 3 4 5) Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1 2) FF (1 2) S Y (1 2 4 5) Neuromedin (B U (1 2)) Neurotensin (1 2)

Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a C5a) Angiotensin (1 2) Apelin Bombesin (BRS3 GRPR NMBR) Bradykinin (B1 B2) Chemokine Cholecystokinin (A B) Endothelin (A B) Formyl peptide (1 2 3) FSH Galanin (1 2 3) GHB receptor Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) Ghrelin Kisspeptin Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin MAS (1 1L D E F G X1 X2 X3 X4) Melanocortin (1 2 3 4 5) MCHR (1 2) Motilin Opioid (Delta Kappa Mu Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) Orexin (1 2) Oxytocin Prokineticin (1 2) Prolactin-releasing peptide Relaxin (1 2 3 4) Somatostatin (1 2 3 4 5) Tachykinin (1 2 3) Thyrotropin Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Urotensin-II Vasopressin (1A 1B 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1 3 4 6 12 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 42 44 45 50 52 55 61 62 63 65 68 75 77 78 81 82 83 84 85 87 88 92 101 103 109A 109B 119 120 132 135 137B 139 141 142 146 148 149 150 151 152 153 160 161 162 171 173 174 176 177 182 183)

Other	Adrenomedullin Olfactory Opsin (3 4 5 1LW 1MW 1SW RGR RRH) Protease-activated (1 2 3 4) SREB (1 2 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56 64 97 98 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 123 124 125 126 128 133 143 144 155 157)

Adhesion	ADGRG (1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1 2 3) Cadherin (1 2 3) Calcitonin CALCRL CD97 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1 2) EMR (1 2 3) Glucagon (GR GIPR GLP1R GLP2R) Growth hormone releasing hormone PACAPR1 GPR Latrophilin (1 2 3 ELTD1) Methuselah-like proteins Parathyroid hormone (1 2) Secretin Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1 2)

Class C: Metabotropic glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1 2 3) TAS2R (1 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 13 14 16 19 20 30 31 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 46 50 60)

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor GABA B (1 2) Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)) GPRC6A GPR (156 158 179) RAIG (1 2 3 4)

Class F: Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10)

Smoothened	Smoothened

Index of signal transduction

Description	Intercellular neuropeptides growth factors cytokines hormones Cell surface receptors ligand-gated enzyme-linked G protein-coupled immunoglobulin superfamily integrins neuropeptide growth factor cytokine Intracellular adaptor proteins GTP-binding MAP kinase Calcium signaling Lipid signaling Pathways hedgehog Wnt TGF beta MAPK ERK notch JAK-STAT apoptosis hippo TLR

OPN3

Function

References

Further reading