Nymphalinae
| Nymphalinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Kallima paralekta - MHNT | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| (unranked): | Rhopalocera |
| Superfamily: | Papilionoidea |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Subfamily: | Nymphalinae Swainson, 1827 |
| Diversity | |
| 6 tribes (but see text) | |
The Nymphalinae are a subfamily of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). Sometimes, the Limenitidinae (and Biblidinae) are included here as further tribe(s), while the Melitaeini are occasionally considered a distinct subfamily.
Systematics
The usually recognized tribes of Nymphalinae are here listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence:[1]
- Coeini (six or seven genera)
- Nymphalini – anglewings, tortoiseshells and relatives (about 15 genera, two are fossil)
- Kallimini (about five genera)
- Victorinini (four genera, formerly in Kallimini)
- Junoniini (about five genera)
- Melitaeini – fritillaries (about 25 genera)
Genera incertae sedis are:
- Rhinopalpa – the Wizard
- Kallimoides Shirôzu & Nakanishi, 1984
- Vanessula Dewitz, 1887
In addition to these, Crenidomimas is sometimes placed here, but may actually belong in the Limenitidinae, genus Euryphura.
The Late Eocene fossil genus Lithodryas might belong here, but it is generally assigned to the Lycaenidae.
References
- ↑ See references in Savela (2010)
Further reading
- Savela, Markku (2010): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms – Nymphalinae. Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-08.
- Glassberg, Jeffrey Butterflies through Binoculars, The West (2001)
- Guppy, Crispin S. and Shepard, Jon H. Butterflies of British Columbia (2001)
- James, David G. and Nunnallee, David Life Histories of Cascadia Butterflies (2011)
- Pelham, Jonathan Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada (2008)
- Pyle, Robert Michael The Butterflies of Cascadia (2002)
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nymphalinae. |