New York Herald

The New York Herald was a large distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between May 6, 1835, and 1924.

History

The first issue of the paper was published by James Gordon Bennett, Sr., on May 6, 1835. By 1845 it was the most popular and profitable daily newspaper in the United States.^[1] In 1861, it circulated 84,000 copies and called itself "the most largely circulated journal in the world." ^[2] Bennett stated that the function of a newspaper "is not to instruct but to startle."^[2] His politics tended to be anti-Catholic and he had tended to favor the Know-Nothing faction though he was not particularly anti-immigrant as they were. During the American Civil War, his policy as expressed by the newspaper was to staunchly support the Democratic Party. Frederic Hudson served as managing editor of the paper from 1846–1866.

Bennett turned control of the paper over to his son, James Gordon Bennett, Jr., in 1866. Under Gordon Bennett Jr. the paper financed Henry Morton Stanley's expeditions into Africa to find David Livingstone, where they met on November 10, 1871.^[3] The paper also supported Stanley's trans-Africa exploration, and in 1879 supported the ill-fated expedition of George W. DeLong to the arctic region.

In 1874, the Herald ran the infamous New York Zoo hoax, where the front page of the newspaper was devoted entirely to a fabricated story of wild animals getting loose at the Central Park Zoo and attacking numerous people.

On October 4, 1887, Bennett Jr. sent Julius Chambers to Paris, France to launch a European edition. Following Bennett Jr.'s move to Paris, the New York Herald suffered from his attempt to manage its operation in New York by telegram. In 1924, after Bennett Jr.'s death, the New York Herald was acquired by its smaller rival, the New York Tribune, to form the New York Herald Tribune. In 1959, the New York Herald Tribune and its European edition were sold to John Hay Whitney, then the U.S. ambassador to Britain. In 1966 the New York paper ceased publication. The Washington Post and the New York Times acquired joint control of the European edition, renaming it the International Herald Tribune. Today, the IHT, now owned entirely by the New York Times, remains an English language paper, printed at 35 sites around the world and for sale in more than 180 countries.

The electrotyping department of the New York Herald in 1902

Rows of linotype machines in the composing room of the Herald in 1902

When the Herald was still under the authority of its original publisher, Bennett, it was considered to be the most invasive and sensationalist of the leading New York papers. Its ability to entertain the public with timely daily news made it the leading circulation paper of its time.

Evening Telegram

The New York Evening Telegram was founded in 1867 by the junior Bennett, and was considered by many to be an evening edition of the Herald. Frank Munsey acquired the Telegram in 1920, which ceased its connection to the Herald.<ref name"times1">"The Telegram Sold to Scripps-Howard". The New York Times. 12 February 1927. </ref>

Commemorated

New York's Herald Square is named after the New York Herald newspaper; in the north side of the square there is a sculpture commemorating the Bennetts. The statue of Minerva, the Bellringers and Owls by Antonin Carles, which originally graced the New York Herald building, rang every hour until it was moved to Herald Square. North of Herald Square is Times Square, which is named after rival The New York Times.

See also

• New York Herald Tribune (successor to the New York Herald)

References

External links

• Three months with the New York Herald: or, Old news on board of a homeward ... by John Henry Potter
• Photographs and architectural sketches of the New York Herald Building

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