New Development Bank

New Development Bank BRICS

Abbreviation	NDB BRICS
Formation	15 July 2014 (2014-07-15)
Type	International Financial Institutions
Legal status	Treaty
Headquarters	Shanghai, China
Membership	Brazil  Russia  India  China  South Africa
Official language	Chinese English Portuguese Russian 22 Official Languages of India
Affiliations	BRICS
Website	ndbbrics.org

The New Development Bank (NDB), formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank,^[1] is a multilateral development bank operated by the BRICS states (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) as an alternative to the existing US-dominated World Bank and International Monetary Fund.^[2] The bank is set up to foster greater financial and development cooperation among the five emerging markets. Together, the four original BRIC countries comprise in 2014 more than 3 billion people or 41.4 percent of the world’s population, cover more than a quarter of the world’s land area over three continents, and account for more than 25 percent of global GDP. The bank will be headquartered in Shanghai, China.^[3] Unlike the World Bank, which assigns votes based on capital share, in the New Development Bank each participant country will be assigned one vote, and none of the countries will have veto power.^[4]

History

BRICS leaders at the 6th BRICS summit in Fortaleza, Brazil; from left to right: Putin, Modi, Rousseff, Xi and Zuma

The New Development Bank was agreed to by BRICS leaders at the 5th BRICS summit held in Durban, South Africa on 27 March 2013.^[2]

On 15 July 2014, the first day of the 6th BRICS summit held in Fortaleza, Brazil, the group of emerging economies signed the long-anticipated document to create the $100 billion BRICS Development Bank and a reserve currency pool worth over another $100 billion.^[5] Both will counter the influence of Western-based lending institutions and the dollar. Documents on cooperation between BRICS export credit agencies and an agreement of cooperation on innovation were also signed.^[6]

Shanghai was selected as the headquarters after competition from New Delhi and Johannesburg. An African regional center will be set up in Johannesburg.^[7]

The first president will be from India,^[8][9] the inaugural Chairman of the Board of directors will come from Brazil ^[3] and the inaugural chairman of the Board of Governors will be Russian.^[3]

Structure and objectives

Development capital

The bank's primary focus of lending will be infrastructure projects ^[10][11] with authorized lending of up to $34 billion annually.^[11] South Africa will be the African Headquarters of the Bank named the "New Development Bank Africa Regional Centre".^[12] The bank will have starting capital of $50 billion, with capital increased to $100 billion over time.^[13] Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa will initially contribute $10 billion each to bring the total to $50 billion.^[12][13] Each member cannot increase its share of capital without all other 4 members agreeing. This was a primary requirement of India.^[14][15] The bank will allow new members to join but the BRICS capital share cannot fall below 55%.^[13]

Contingent Reserve Arrangement (CRA)

The CRA is a framework for the provision of support through liquidity and precautionary instruments in response to actual or potential short-term balance of payments pressures.^[16]

The objective of this reserve is to provide protection against global liquidity pressures.^[10][13][17] This includes currency issues where members' national currencies are being adversely affected by global financial pressures.^[10][13][17]

The Bank would also provide assistance to other countries suffering from the economic volatility in the wake of the United States' exit from its expansionary monetary policy.^[18]

This fund will consist of $10 billion of "paid-in capital" ($2 billion from each member to be provided over seven years) and an additional $40 billion to be "paid upon request".^[1] Out of the total initial capital of $100 billion, China will contribute $41 billion, Brazil, Russia and India would give $18 billion each, and South Africa would contribute $5 billion.^[19] It is scheduled to start lending in 2016.^[13]

Members

There are 5 members as of 28 March 2015.

Country/Region	Date of Accession
Brazil	2014
China	2014
India	2014
Russia	2014
South Africa	2014

References

External links

• "Agreement on the New Development Bank – Fortaleza, July 15"
• BRICS announce $200B challenge to world financial order - Al Jazeera America
• What the BRICS are Building. The Harvard Crimson. 1 September 2014. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
• BRICS launch new bank and monetary fund - Deutsche Welle Akademie
• A logo design contest "NDB BRICS"

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