Neuronal calcium sensor

Neuronal Calcium Sensor is a large family of proteins which work as calcium dependent molecular switches and includes members like Frequenin (NCS1), recoverin, GCAP, neurocalcin, visinin etc.^[1] All the members carry 4 EF hand motifs (out of which only 2 or 3 bind calcium) and an N-myristoyl group.^[2]

Members of NCS family

Highly evolutionarily conserved ^[3]

NCS1 (Frequenin)
VILIP-1 (Visinin-like-protein-1)
HPCAL4 (Visinin-like-protein-2)
HPCAL1 (Visinin-like-protein-3)
hippocalcin
neurocalcin
recoverin
Guanylate cyclase activator proteins (GCAPs)
Potassium Channel interacting proteins (KChIPs 1-4), including:

KCNIP1, KCNIP2, Calsenilin or DREAM/KChIP-3/KCNIP3 (downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator/potassium channel interacting protein), KCNIP4

References

↑ Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal calcium sensor proteins: generating diversity in neuronal Ca2+ signalling". Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8 (3): 182–193. doi:10.1038/nrn2093. PMC 1887812. PMID 17311005.
↑ Burgoyne RD, O'Callaghan DW, Hasdemir B, Haynes LP, Tepikin AV (2004). "Neuronal Ca2+-sensor proteins: multitalented regulators of neuronal function". Trends Neurosci. 27 (4): 203–9. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.01.010. PMID 15046879.
↑ Weiss JL, Hui H, Burgoyne RD (2010). "Neuronal calcium sensor-1 regulation of calcium channels, secretion, and neuronal outgrowth.". Cell Mol Neurobiol. 30 (8): 1283–92. doi:10.1007/s10571-010-9588-7. PMID 21104311.

External links

Neuronal Calcium-Sensor Proteins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
NCS proteins

Cell signaling: calcium signaling and calcium metabolism

Cell membrane

Ion pumps	SERCA Sodium-calcium exchanger

Cell membrane calcium channels	VDCC TRP NMDA receptor AMPA receptor 5-HT3 receptor P2X purinoreceptor

Adhesion molecules	Cadherin

Other	Calcium-sensing receptor

Intracellular signaling
& calc. regulation

Second messengers	IP3 NAADP cADPR

Store gates (ligand-gated calcium channel)	IP3 receptor CICR Ryanodine receptor

Molecular switches, and kinases	Troponin C Calmodulin CaM kinases PKC NCS

Chelators and calcium sensors	Calbindin S100 pervalbumin Calretinin Calsequestrin Sarcalumenin Phospholamban Synaptotagmins

Proteases	Calpain

Cytoskeleton remodeling proteins	Gelsolin

Chaperones	Calreticulin Calnexin

Other	Vitamin D

Calcium-binding
protein domains

Extracellular ligands

Calcium-binding proteins

Intracellular calcium-sensing proteins	Calmodulin Calnexin Calreticulin Gelsolin neuronal Hippocalcin Neurocalcin Recoverin

Membrane protein	Annexin A1 A2 A5 Fibulin FBLN1 FBLN2 FBLN5 Vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein/Calbindin Calexcitin Calsequestrin Osteocalcin Osteonectin S-100 Synaptotagmin

Cytoskeleton	Troponin C

Extracellular matrix	Matrix gla protein

Index of signal transduction

Description	Intercellular neuropeptides growth factors cytokines hormones Cell surface receptors ligand-gated enzyme-linked G protein-coupled immunoglobulin superfamily integrins neuropeptide growth factor cytokine Intracellular adaptor proteins GTP-binding MAP kinase Calcium signaling Lipid signaling Pathways hedgehog Wnt TGF beta MAPK ERK notch JAK-STAT apoptosis hippo TLR

Protein: nerve tissue protein

Synuclein

Other

Index of the central nervous system

Description	Anatomy meninges cortex association fibers commissural fibers lateral ventricles basal ganglia diencephalon mesencephalon pons cerebellum medulla spinal cord tracts Physiology neutrotransmission enzymes intermediates Development

Disease	Cerebral palsy Meningitis Demyelinating diseases Seizures and epilepsy Headache Stroke Sleep Congenital Injury Neoplasms and cancer Other paralytic syndromes ALS Symptoms and signs head and neck eponymous lesions Tests CSF

Treatment	Procedures Drugs general anesthetics analgesics addiction epilepsy cholinergics migraine Parkinson's vertigo other

Index of the peripheral nervous system

Description	Anatomy Nerves cranial trigeminal cervical brachial lumbosacral plexus somatosensory spinal autonomic Physiology reflexes proteins neurotransmitters transporters Development neurotrophins

Disease	Autonomic Congenital Injury Neoplasms and cancer Other Symptoms and signs eponymous

Treatment	Procedures Local anesthetics