Neurogranin
| neurogranin (protein kinase C substrate, RC3) | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | NRGN |
| Entrez | 4900 |
| HUGO | 8000 |
| OMIM | 602350 |
| RefSeq | NM_006176 |
| UniProt | Q92686 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 11 q24 |
Neurogranin is a calmodulin-binding protein expressed exclusively in the brain, particularly in dendritic spines, and participating in the protein kinase C signaling pathway. Neurogranin is the main postsynaptic protein regulating the availability of calmodulin, binding to it in the absence of calcium. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C lowers its binding ability. NRGN gene expression is controlled by thyroid hormones.[1] Human neurogranin consists of 78 amino acids.
One study tells of potential link of neurogranin gene to the heightened risk of schizophrenia in males,[2] another study gives evidence of lowered neurogranin immunoreactivity in the brains of people suffering from schizophrenia.[3]
Prior to its identification in the bovine and rat brain in 1991,[4] neurogranin was known as a putative protein kinase C-phosphorylated protein named p17. Human neurogranin was cloned in 1997 and turned out to be 96% identical to the rat protein.[5]
External links
- Neurogranin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
References
- ↑ Martinez de Arrieta, C.; Morte, B.; Coloma, A.; Bernal, J. (1999) The human RC3 gene homolog, NRGN contains a thyroid hormone-responsive element located in the first intron. Endocrinology 140: 335-343, 1999. PMID 9886843
- ↑ Ruano D, Aulchenko YS, Macedo A, Soares MJ, Valente J, Azevedo MH, Hutz MH, Gama CS, Lobato MI, Belmonte-de-Abreu P, Goodman AB, Pato C, Heutink P, Palha JA. (2006) Association of the gene encoding neurogranin with schizophrenia in males. J Psychiatr Res. 2006 Nov 29; PMID 17140601
- ↑ Broadbelt K, Ramprasaud A, Jones LB. (2006) Evidence of altered neurogranin immunoreactivity in areas 9 and 32 of schizophrenic prefrontal cortex. Schizophrenia Research 2006 Oct;87(1-3):6-14. Epub 2006 Jun 22. PMID 16797925
- ↑ Baudier, J.; Deloulme, J. C.; Van Dorsselaer, A.; Black, D.; Matthes, H. W. D. (1991) Purification and characterization of a brain-specific protein kinase C substrate, neurogranin (p17): identification of a consensus amino acid sequence between neurogranin and neuromodulin (GAP43) that corresponds to the protein kinase C phosphorylation site and the calmodulin-binding domain. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 229-237, 1991. PMID 1824695
- ↑ Martinez de Arrieta, C.; Perez Jurado, L.; Bernal, J.; Coloma, A. : Structure, organization, and chromosomal mapping of the human neurogranin gene (NRGN). Genomics 41: 243-249, 1997. PMID 9143500
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||