Neiman Marcus

Neiman Marcus
Private
Industry Retail
Founded September 10, 1907
Headquarters Dallas, Texas, United States
Number of locations
 42
Key people
Products Clothing, footwear, furniture, jewelry, beauty products, electronics, housewares
Owner Ares Management
CPP Investment Board
Leonard Green & Partners
Website neimanmarcus.com

Neiman Marcus, originally Neiman-Marcus, is an American luxury specialty department store owned by the Neiman Marcus Group, headquartered in Dallas, Texas.[1] The company also owns the Bergdorf Goodman department stores, and operates a direct marketing division, Neiman Marcus Direct, which operates catalogue and online operations under the Horchow, Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman names. In the US, Neiman Marcus competes with luxury retailers Saks Fifth Avenue, Barneys New York, Lord & Taylor, Nordstrom, Bloomingdale's and Von Maur. Neiman Marcus is currently owned by CPP Investment Board and Ares Management.

History

Early history

The Neiman Marcus Building is the headquarters and flagship store in Dallas, Texas.

Herbert Marcus, Sr., a former buyer with Dallas' Sanger Brothers department store, had left his previous job to found a new business with his sister Carrie Marcus Neiman and her husband, A.L. Neiman, then employees of Sanger Brothers competitor A. Harris and Co.. In 1907 the trio found themselves with $25,000 from the successful sales-promotion firm they had built in Atlanta, Georgia, and two potential investments into which to invest the funds. Rather than take a chance on an unknown "sugary soda pop business", the three entrepreneurs rejected the fledgling Coca-Cola company[2] and chose instead to return to Dallas to found a retail business. For this reason, early company CEO Peb Atera was quoted in 1957 as saying in jest that Neiman Marcus was "founded on bad business judgment".[3] The store, established on September 10, 1907, was lavishly furnished and stocked with clothing of a quality not commonly found in Texas. Within a few weeks, the store's initial inventory, mostly acquired on a buying trip to New York made by Carrie, was completely sold out. Oil-rich Texans, welcoming the opportunity to flaunt their wealth in more sophisticated fashion than was previously possible, flocked to the new store. In spite of a nationwide financial panic set off only a few weeks after its opening, Neiman Marcus was instantly successful, and its first several years of operation were quite profitable.[4]

In 1914 a fire destroyed the Neiman Marcus store and all of its merchandise. A temporary store was set up and opened in 17 days.[5] By the end of 1914, Neiman Marcus opened in its new, permanent location at the corner of Main Street and Ervay Street. With the opening of the flagship Neiman Marcus Building, the store increased its product selection to include accessories, lingerie, and children's clothing, as well as expanding the women's apparel department. In its first year at the new building, Neiman Marcus recorded a profit of $40,000 on sales of $700,000, nearly twice the totals reached in its last year at the original location.[4]

In 1927 the store expanded and Neiman Marcus premiered the first weekly retail fashion show in the United States.[6] The store staged a show called "One Hundred Years of Texas Fashions" in 1936 in honor of the centennial of Texas' independence from Mexico. A later profile of the store, "Neiman Marcus of Texas", described the "grandiose and elaborate" gala, noting, "It was on this occasion that one of the most critical among the store's guests, Mrs. Edna Woolman Chase, editor of Vogue, expressing the sentiment of the store's starry-eyed clientele, told the local press:[7]

I dreamed all my life of the perfect store for women. Then I saw Neiman Marcus, and my dream came true.

— Edna Woolman Chase, editor of Vogue (1936), quoted in Commentary 1957

In 1929 the store began offering menswear. During the 1930s and 1940s Neiman Marcus began to include less expensive clothing lines along with its high-end items, in response to the Great Depression and following war years. Between 1942 and 1944, sales at Neiman Marcus grew from $6 million to $11 million.[4] Despite a major fire in 1946, the store continued to profit.

Herbert Marcus, Sr., died in 1950, and Carrie Neiman died two years later, leaving Stanley Marcus in charge of the company's operations.[4][8]

1950s–90s

The 1950s saw the addition of a $1.6 million store on Preston Road, a 63,000-square-foot (5,900 m2) plant with decor "inspired by the art and culture of Southwestern Indians" and "colors ... copied from Indian weaving, pottery, and sand paintings"; the themed decor included Kachina figures on colored-glass murals and an Alexander Calder mobile named "Mariposa,"[9] the Spanish word for butterfly. Art likewise was used as inspiration for Stanley Marcus' seasonal campaigns to solicit new colors in fabrics, as he did the year that he borrowed 20 Paul Gauguin paintings — many of which had never been publicly exhibited — from collectors around the world and had the vivid colors translated into dyes for wool, silk, and leather. Area teachers cited the Gauguin exhibits as spurring a dramatic increase in art study.[10]

In the 1950s and 1960s Gittings operated a portrait studio in Neiman Marcus. Clients included Hope Portocarrero, Lyndon Johnson, Howard Hughes, and the Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his family. A late 1960s Christmas Book featured portraits of Wyatt Cooper, his wife Gloria Vanderbilt, and children Carter and Anderson Cooper.

The company continued its extravagant marketing efforts (including the launch of His and Her gifts in the famous Christmas Book) with the inauguration of Fortnight in 1957. The Fortnight was an annual presentation of fashions and culture from a particular country, held in late October and early November of each year, and was one of the most anticipated events in Dallas. It brought fashion, dignitaries, celebrities, exotic food and extravagant celebrations to the downtown store for 29 years.[4][11]

Neiman Marcus opened its first store outside the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex in downtown Houston in 1957. The freestanding store was later replaced with a new anchor store located in the Houston Galleria in 1970. In 1965 the Preston Center store was closed and a new store, more than twice as big, was opened at NorthPark Center. Another branch in Fort Worth was also opened. By 1967 the four Neiman Marcus stores in operation were generating annual sales of $58.5 million, and the company's profit for that year was in excess of $2 million.[4] In 1968 the company merged with Broadway-Hale Stores, Inc., which enabled Neiman Marcus to expand at a much faster pace than would have been possible as an independent entity. In 1971, the first Neiman Marcus outside Texas opened in Bal Harbour, Florida. In subsequent years stores opened in over 30 cities across the United States, including Atlanta, Beverly Hills, Boston, Chicago, Las Vegas, Minneapolis, San Francisco and St. Louis. Neiman Marcus also had a letter of intent to open a 120,000 square foot store in downtown Cleveland in 1992 as part of an anchor for the upscale Tower City Center. However, the project did not come to fruition, instead opening its concept store in the 1990s.[12] In 1988 the company's name was officially changed from Neiman-Marcus to Neiman Marcus and the current logo was adopted.

Neiman Marcus in Boston's Copley Place

In the late 1990s, the company started a small boutique called the "Galleries of Neiman Marcus" which sold jewelry, gifts, and home accessories. The concept struggled and ultimately all three locations, Seattle, Cleveland, and Phoenix, were shuttered. In 1999, neimanmarcus.com, and the store's online gift registry, debuted under the control of Neiman Marcus Group's Neiman Marcus Direct division.

2000s–present

Stanley Marcus died on January 22, 2002. He had served as president and chairman of the board for the company. Marcus had been the architect behind the fashion shows, New York advertising for a strictly regional chain, in-store art exhibits, and the Christmas catalog with its outlandish His-and-Hers gifts, including vicuña coats, a pair of airplanes, "Noah's Ark" (including pairs of animals), camels, and live tigers.[3][5][13]

Over the last 20 years, ownership of Neiman Marcus has passed through several hands. In June 1987, the company was spun off from its retail parent, Carter Hawley Hale Stores, and became a publicly listed company. General Cinema, later to become Harcourt General, still had a roughly 60% controlling interest until 1999, when Neiman Marcus was fully spun off from its parent company. On May 2, 2005, Neiman Marcus Group was the subject of a leveraged buyout (LBO), selling itself to two private equity firms, Texas Pacific Group and Warburg Pincus.[14]

The "Neiman-Marcus Collection," comprising early account books, advertising and Christmas Catalog layouts, files on charity activities, past awards and presentations, and a collection of Stanley Marcus's personal memorabilia, among many other items, is located in the Texas & Dallas History & Archives Division, 7th Floor, Main Library, Dallas Public Library, where it may be consulted by researchers.

Lloyd E. Lenard (1922–2008) wrote a master's degree thesis on the impact of Neiman Marcus on the American Southwest while he was a student at the University of Missouri at Columbia. Neiman Marcus hired Lenard to its management training program, but he soon returned to his native Louisiana, where he worked, first in advertising, and then insurance.

In August 2013, Women's Wear Daily reported that the Neiman Marcus Group was prepearing for an initial public offering of its stock.[15] In October 2013, the Neiman Marcus Group was sold for $6 billion to Ares Management and the Canada Pension Plan Investment Board.[16][17]

Neiman Marcus made headlines in November 2013 after the firm discovered a 25-carat rough diamond off Namibia’s coast, which was valued with a reserve price tag of $1.85 million. The diamond was referred to as the “Nam Diamond”.[18]

On February 21, 2014 Bloomberg Businessweek reported that hackers "who raided the credit-card payment system of Neiman Marcus Group set off alerts on the company’s security systems about 60,000 times ".[19]

Corporate affairs

Renaissance Tower is the headquarters of the Neiman Marcus Group, also in Dallas.

Unlike many of its department-store contemporaries, Neiman Marcus is still in operation today under the original name and is still headquartered in the city where it began. The Neiman Marcus Group comprises the Specialty Retail stores division — which includes Neiman Marcus Stores and Bergdorf Goodman — Cusp (a contemporary boutique format) and the Direct Marketing division, Neiman Marcus Direct. These retailers offer upscale assortments of apparel, accessories, jewelry, beauty and decorative home products. The company operates 41 Neiman Marcus stores across the United States and two Bergdorf Goodman stores, in Manhattan. Neiman Marcus' largest market is the South Florida MSA, where they operate five stores. The company also operates 28 Last Call clearance centers and two Horchow Finale Furniture Outlets. These store operations total more than five million square feet (500,000 m²) gross. Competitors in the luxury retail segment include Bloomingdale's, Lord & Taylor, Saks Fifth Avenue, Barneys New York, Nordstrom,and Von Maur.

Neiman Marcus Direct conducts both print catalog and online operations under the Neiman Marcus, Horchow and Bergdorf Goodman brand names. Under the Neiman Marcus brand, Neiman Marcus Direct primarily offers women's apparel, accessories and home furnishings. Horchow offers upscale home furnishings, linens, decorative accessories and tabletop items. They have also launched a new blog [(www.insite.neimanmarcus.com)] outlining the latest news in the fashion world and beyond.

Until recently, The Neiman Marcus Group owned majority interest in Kate Spade LLC, a manufacturer of handbags and accessories. In October 2006, the company purchased all minority interest for approximately $59.4 million, and in November 2006 sold 100% ownership to Liz Claiborne, Inc. for approximately $121.5 million. Another recent divestiture was a majority interest in Gurwitch Products LLC, which manufactures Laura Mercier cosmetics, to Alticor Inc., for approximately $40.8 million.[20]

Brands

There are 41 Neiman Marcus stores in Arizona, California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington, and Virginia. The newest opened in Walnut Creek, California, in March 2012. The Minneapolis store was closed in 2013.

In the fall of 2004, Neiman Marcus launched a new store within a store called The Showroom of Neiman Marcus. This department sells furniture and home collections previously only available through the Neiman Marcus catalogues The Horchow Collection and NM by Mail. The seven Neiman Marcus stores that house the collection are located in Plano-Dallas MSA (Willow Bend), San Francisco (Union Square), Scottsdale (Fashion Square), Boston (Back Bay), Chicago (Michigan Avenue), Oak Brook (Oakbrook Center), Miami (Bal Harbour Shops).

Horchow, a furniture brand owned by Neiman Marcus, is sold in a limited number of Neiman Marcus locations. There are also Horchow Finale Stores, with two locations. Though Horchow items are also found in Neiman Marcus Last Call stores, the Horchow Finale stores focus on furniture & home items. The two remaining Horchow Finale Stores are in the Dallas, Texas area. The original Horchow Finale location closed in 2009 to make way for the George W. Bush Presidential Library. The Inwood Village location of Horchow Finale became a showcase Neiman Marcus Last Call in March 2010. The two Horchow Finale stores are both located in the Dallas – Fort Worth Metroplex - Grapevine, Texas and Plano, Texas.

Neiman Marcus Last Call Clearance Center is Neiman Marcus's outlet store. They are located throughout the United States at a number of outlet centers, with many found in outlet centers operated by The Mills Corporation and Chelsea Premium Outlets. They range from 20,000 - 45,000 square feet (4,200 m2) of selling space and sell women's, men's and children's apparel, shoes, jewelry, handbags, furniture, luggage, gifts and home accessories that were previously sold in Neiman Marcus and Bergdorf Goodman stores, on NeimanMarcus.com, and in the Horchow catalog at discounts of 30% to 65% off original Neiman Marcus and catalog prices.

Neiman Marcus credit card holders receive an additional 5% discount off their entire purchase at Last Call Clearance Centers when they use their Neiman Marcus credit card (other credit cards including American Express, MasterCard, and Visa are also accepted). The 36 Last Call stores are in Arizona (1), California (7), Colorado (1), Florida (4), Georgia (1), Illinois (1), Maryland (2), Michigan (1), Nevada (1), New Jersey (2), New York (2), Pennsylvania (2), Texas (9) and Virginia (2).[21]

Neiman Marcus has expanded is contemporary department, "Cusp," by placing the "shop-in-shops" in all of its current stores. In addition, there are six brick-and-mortar Cusp locations throughout the U.S., including California (1), District of Columbia (1), Illinois (2), Massachusetts (1) and Virginia (1). Cusp also has a large e-commerce component.[22]

Bergdorf Goodman operates technically from two stores, the main store and a men's store, located directly across from each other on Fifth Avenue in New York. The main store has eight floors of clothing, goods and homewear.[23]

Credit cards

Neiman Marcus sold its store credit card business to HSBC in mid-2005; however, Neiman Marcus sued HSBC over fees and interest rates in March 2008.[24] The lawsuit was settled in May 2008.[25] Fifty percent of Neiman's transactions are conducted using their private-label cards because Neiman Marcus only accepted its proprietary store credit cards and American Express until late 2011. Neiman Marcus now accepts Visa, American Express cards, cash or check in their stores.

According to the April 26, 2007, issue of The Wall Street Journal, Neiman Marcus is testing a co-branded credit card issued by HSBC with some of their top customers. The card, which runs on the American Express network, was expected to have been issued in 2008. The settled lawsuit between Neiman Marcus and HSBC may have delayed the new co-branded card's full launch.

On October 27, 2011, the company announced that it would begin accepting MasterCard and Visa credit cards at its stores beginning November 1, 2011.[26]

In January 2014, Neiman Marcus customers were victums of a credit card security breach.[27]

The Christmas catalog

"His and Hers" & "Fantasy" gifts

100th Anniversary Edition Christmas catalog 2007
In 1969 customers could buy a $10,600 kitchen computer to help with recipes

Since 1939, Neiman Marcus has issued an annual Christmas catalog, which gets much free publicity from the national media for a tradition of unusual and extravagant gifts not sold in its stores. Some have included the "his and hers" themed items, trips and cars (see below).

In 1952, Stanley Marcus introduced a new tradition of having extravagant and unusual gifts in each year's Christmas catalog, The Christmas Book; the idea was sparked when journalist Edward R. Murrow contacted Marcus to ask if the store would be offering anything unusual that might interest his radio listeners; Marcus invented on the spot an offering of a live Black Angus bull accompanied by a sterling silver barbecue cart, subsequently altering the catalog to include his new idea, priced at $1,925.[28][29][30] At one point, the Neiman Marcus Christmas catalog carried the distinction of being the item most stolen from recipients' mailboxes, prompting a Chicago postmaster to suggest the company switch to enclosing the catalogs in plain brown wrappers.[31]

Other Fantasy Gifts:

pre-1965[30]

1963

1964

1965[30]

1969

1970[33]

(No arks were sold, but over 1,000 trees were purchased.)

pre-1972[34]

1972[34]

1974[29]

1975[35]

1978

1979[37]

1981[37]

1985[32]

1986

1990[32]

1996

1998

1999[37]

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010[39]

2011[40]

2012[41]

The Christmas Book is available at stores for $15. However, the $15 will be credited back to customers with their first purchase from the catalog.

Other Christmas gifts

In 1961, Neiman-Marcus in Dallas was one of two stores in the nation — the other being Wanamaker's in Philadelphia — to offer computer-based assistance in selecting Christmas gifts. The process worked by comparing information on the recipient to a computerized list of the 2,200 items available at Neiman-Marcus, then providing a printout of the 10 best suggestions. One person testing the computer filled out the questionnaire as if he were President John F. Kennedy shopping for gifts in excess of $1,000 for his wife; the computer suggested a yacht.[42]

During the Apollo 8 mission in December 1968, Marilyn Lovell, wife of astronaut Jim Lovell, who was the Command Module Pilot, received, as a Christmas present, a mink coat that was delivered to her by a Neiman Marcus driver in a Rolls-Royce car. The coat was wrapped in royal blue wrapping paper with two Styrofoam balls — one for the Earth and the other for the Moon — and had a card that read, "To Marilyn, from the Man in the Moon."[43]

In 2012, Neiman Marcus partnered up with Target Corporation to create a holiday collection featuring 24 designers from the Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA). The 50-piece collection featured apparel, accessories and even some gifts for dogs.[44]

Vehicles

Neiman Marcus has often offered automobiles in its holiday catalogs. These are usually coordinated with manufacturers as a publicity tool, though the cars themselves are normally special versions unavailable from other sources and produced in limited numbers.

1971 "His and Hers" Ford Thunderbirds (offered in 1970 Christmas Catalog)(Sold only as a pair for a total of $25,000 USD).
1994 Chevrolet Impala SS
1995 BMW Z3 James Bond edition (at $35,000)
1996 GMC Suburban Sony edition
1997 Audi TT
1997 Ducati 748L
1998 BMW X5
1998 Aston Martin DB7
2000 Lexus SC 430
2002 Ford Thunderbird Neiman Marcus Edition - only 200 built.
2001 Chrysler LHS
2002 Cadillac XLR (101)Exclusive color was Ultra-Violet with Sand leather.
2003 BMW 645Ci
2004 Maserati Quattroporte (at $125,000)
2005 Lexus GS 450h (75 at $65,000)Crystalline Ice Exclusive Exterior color.
2006 BMW M6 Convertible only, Exclusive color was Ruby Black Exterior with Piano Black accents.
2007 Lexus LS600hL (100 to commemorate the Centennial of Neiman Marcus. Exclusive exterior color is Truffle Mica.)
2008 BMW 7-Series (new 2009 completely redesigned 7 series, Exclusive Color was Diopside Black with Champagne Merino leather.)
2009 Jaguar XJL
2010 Chevrolet Camaro Convertible (Exclusive color is Deep Bordeaux.)
2011 Ferrari FF (exclusive color is Grigio Caldo).
2012 McLaren MP4-12C Spider (12 at $354,000)
2013 Toyota Avalon
2014 Fiat 500
2015 GMC Yukon
2014 Chrysler 200

The "Neiman Marcus $250 Cookie Recipe" story

The store is featured in an urban legend involving a supposed recipe for its popular chocolate chip cookie.[45] In the legend, a woman and her daughter enjoy a cookie while shopping at Neiman Marcus in Dallas, Texas, and ask for the recipe. The waiter informs her there will be a "two-fifty" charge, which the woman interprets as $2.50. Upon receiving her VISA statement, she is shocked to discover she has been charged $250.00 instead. In revenge, she photocopies the recipe and urges her friends to distribute it for free to everyone they know so that the store will make no further profit on its sale. Because the story typically was passed along as a photocopy, it falls in the legend subcategory of Xeroxlore. Later, with the advent of the Internet, it reemerged as an infamous chain e-mail, "Cookie revenge".

Folklorists have pointed out three chief holes in the story:

Although the story is untrue, Neiman Marcus published a cookie recipe[47] to quell rumors. Kevin Garvin wrote the recipe in 1995. It is featured on the company's website for free. It also is in the Neiman Marcus Cookbook.

Controversy

In 2013, Neiman Marcus settled a federal claim for falsely claiming that some of their products contained fake fur when tests by the Humane Society of the United States showed it was actually real fur from raccoon dogs. Neiman Marcus did not admit guilt, but promised to adhere to federal fur labeling laws (the Fur Act) for the next twenty years.[48]

Store locations

Chicago and Dallas both feature more than one store location within each city.

References

  1. ↑ "Neiman Marcus Group - Company Contacts". corporate-ir.net.
  2. ↑ Neiman, Abraham Lincoln from the Handbook of Texas Online
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 William Schack, "Neiman-Marcus of Texas" (article), Commentary 24:3, 213, September 1957.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "History of The Neiman Marcus Group, Inc. – FundingUniverse". Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Historical timeline, from Neiman Marcus Online
  6. ↑ Stanley Marcus Timeline Texas Monthly, March 2002
  7. ↑ Schack, p. 216.
  8. ↑ "FASHIONS: Mr. Stanley Knows Best". Time. September 21, 1953.
  9. ↑ Frank X. Tolbert. Neiman-Marcus, Texas, New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1953, page 5.
  10. ↑ Tolbert, 1953, page 11.
  11. ↑ "Neiman Marcus Fortnight - News and Communications - SMU". Smu.edu. 2007-10-21. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  12. ↑ "Neiman Marcus in pact for new Cleveland store. (Neiman Marcus Group Inc.)". highbeam.com.
  13. ↑ "Stanley Marcus, Advertising Hall of Fame". Advertisinghalloffame.org. 2012-09-07. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  14. ↑ Neiman Marcus in $5.1B buyout CNN Money, May 2, 2005
  15. ↑ Moin, David (August 7, 2013). "Neiman Marcus Inches Closer to IPO". WWD. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  16. ↑ Moin, David (19 September 2013). "Neiman Marcus Profits Rise". WWD. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
  17. ↑ Moin, David (25 October 2013). "Neiman's Deal Nearly Done". WWD. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
  18. ↑ Nam Diamond Selling for N$18 Million, Africa: AllAfrica.com, 2013
  19. ↑ Ben Elgin, Dune Lawrence, Michael Riley. "Neiman Marcus Hackers Set Off 60,000 Alerts While Bagging Credit Card Data". Businessweek.com.
  20. ↑ Form 10-Q, from Neiman Marcus website March 8, 2007
  21. ↑ "Last Call by Neiman Marcus to make California market debut". Chain Store Age. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  22. ↑ "Neiman Marcus Expands its "Cusp" Contemporary Department". Chain Store Age. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  23. ↑ "Now that's a wrap! Bergdorf Goodman celebrates 111th birthday by draping store in purple ribbon". Daily Mail Online. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  24. ↑ Neiman Marcus files lawsuit against credit card issuer, Dallas Business Journal, February 29, 2008
  25. ↑ Neiman Marcus, HSBC settle credit card lawsuit, Dallas Business Journal, May 5, 2008
  26. ↑ Mattioli, Dana (October 27, 2011). "Hoity-Toity to Hoi Polloi: Neiman Takes More Plastic". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 27, 2011.
  27. ↑ "Hackers Steal Card Data from Neiman Marcus". Krebs On Security. 10 January 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  28. ↑ Rick Ratliff, Knight News Service, "The ultimate present: 2 Texas firms take pride in unusual gift offerings," The Lima News (Lima, Ohio), November 24, 1977
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Mouse ranch — perfect Christmas gift," UPI story, The News (Port Arthur, Texas), October 6, 1974 — gives 1955 as date of introduction
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 Tom Johnson, "Junk for Xmas At $11,700," The Gettysburg Times (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania), December 23, 1966
  31. ↑ Murray Raphel. "An interview with Stanley Marcus," Direct Marketing, Vol. 58, No. 6, October 1995, pp. 22-25.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.4 32.5 "Top 10 Neiman Marcus Fantasy Gifts of the Past". 9 October 2013.
  33. ↑ Strong, Hope (April 4, 1971). "Where's There's Life". The Lima News (Lima, Ohio).
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Jack Webb, Copley News Service,"Gifts for Millionaires," Iowa City Press-Citizen, November 22, 1972
  35. ↑ Patrick J. Killen, United Press International, "Don't look a gift mule in the mouth," The Herald (Arlington Heights, Illinois), December 25, 1975
  36. ↑ William K. Stevens. "New era for Neiman Marcus: Can mystique survive amid expansion?" The New York Times, February 19, 1979.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 "Gift of the Century," Texas Monthly, Vol. 27, Issue 12, December 1999, p230.
  38. ↑ "Neiman Marcus Bidder Offers $135,000 to Pilot Star Wars X-Wing Fighter". PRnewswire. 1996-12-17. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  39. ↑ "Fantasy Christmas Gifts 2010". Cnbc.com. 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  40. ↑ "Neiman Marcus: 9 ultimate gifts for 2011". CNN Money. 18 October 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2012.
  41. ↑ "Neiman Marcus knows what you should get your family for Christmas". The Daily Caller. 26 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  42. ↑ "Santa Claus Has a New Helper", Parade, December 24, 1961
  43. ↑ Jim Lovell with Jeffrey Kluger. Apollo 13 (previously published as Lost Moon), 2000, pages 50-51.
  44. ↑ "First Look: Check Out The Target x Neiman Marcus Holiday Designer Collection 2012". DrJays.com. 25 November 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  45. ↑ Cookie Legend, Snopes.com, Last accessed January 16, 2007.
  46. ↑ That's One Expensive Cookie, at breakthechain.org
  47. ↑ "Fashion's premier designers, plus beauty's best brands". Neiman Marcus. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
  48. ↑ "Neiman Marcus settles ‘faux’ fur case". Washington Post. March 19, 2013.

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