Negeri Sembilan

Negeri Sembilan نڬري سمبيلن
State
Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus نڬري سمبيلن دار الخصوص
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: Berkatlah Yang DiPertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan
Negeri Sembilan in    Malaysia
Coordinates: 2°45′N 102°15′E / 2.750°N 102.250°E / 2.750; 102.250Coordinates: 2°45′N 102°15′E / 2.750°N 102.250°E / 2.750; 102.250
Capital	Seremban
Royal capital	Seri Menanti
Government
• Type	Constitutional elective monarchy
• Yang di-Pertuan Besar	Tuanku Muhriz
• Menteri Besar	Mohamad Hassan (BN)
Area[1]
• Total	6,686 km2 (2,581 sq mi)
Population (2010)[2]
• Total	997,071
• Density	150/km2 (390/sq mi)
Human Development Index
• HDI (2010)	0.739 (high) (5th)
Postal code	70xxx to 73xxx
Calling code	06
Vehicle registration	N
Federated into FMS	1895
Japanese occupation	1942
Accession into the Federation of Malaya	1948
Independence as part of the Federation of Malaya	31 August 1957
Website	www.ns.gov.my

Negeri Sembilan (Malay pronunciation: [ˈnəgəri səmbiˈlan]), one of Malaysia's thirteen states, lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia, just south of Kuala Lumpur and borders Selangor on the north, Pahang in the east, and Malacca and Johor to the south.

The name is believed to derive from the nine (sembilan) villages or nagari in the Minangkabau language (now known as luak) settled by the Minangkabau, a people originally from West Sumatra (in present-day Indonesia). Minangkabau features are still visible today in traditional architecture and the dialect of Malay spoken.

Unlike the hereditary monarchs of the other royal Malay states, the ruler of Negeri Sembilan is known as Yang di-Pertuan Besar instead of Sultan. The election of the Ruler is also unique. He is selected by the council of Undangs who lead the four biggest districts of Sungai Ujong, Jelebu, Johol, and Rembau, making it one of the more democratic monarchies.

The capital of Negeri Sembilan is Seremban. The royal capital is Seri Menanti in the district of Kuala Pilah. Other important towns are Port Dickson and Nilai.

The Arabic honorific title of the state is Darul Khusus ("the Special Abode").

The ethnic composition in 2010 was:Malay (590,089 or 57.8%), Chinese (223,271 or 21.9%), Indian (146,214 or 14.3%), Others (3,583 or 0.35%) Non Citizens(57,907 or 5.7%).

History

The Minangkabaus from Sumatra settled in Negeri Sembilan in the 14th century under the protection of the Malacca Sultanate, and later under the protection of its successor, the Sultanate of Johor. Negeri Sembilan is a state which has matrilineal society majority . The matrilineal custom was brought by the Minangkabau. As Johor weakened in the 18th century, attacks by the Bugis forced the Minangkabaus to seek protection from their homeland. The Minangkabau ruler, Sultan Abdul Jalil, obliged by sending his near relative, Raja Melewar. When he arrived, he found that another royal, Raja Khatib had already established himself as ruler. He declared war against Raja Khatib and became the ruler of Negeri Sembilan. The Sultan of Johor confirmed his position by granting the title Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan (He Who is Highest Lord of the Nine States) in 1773. After Raja Melewar's death, a series of disputes arose over the succession. For a considerable period, the local nobles applied to the Minangkabau ruler in Sumatra for a ruler. However, competing interests supported different candidates, often resulting in instability and civil war.

In 1873, the British intervened militarily in a civil war in Sungai Ujong to preserve British economic interests, and placed the country under the control of a British Resident. Jelebu followed in 1886, and the remaining states in 1895. In 1897, when the Federated Malay States (FMS) was established, Sungai Ujong and Jelebu were reunited to the confederation of small states and the whole, under the old name of the Negeri Sembilan, was placed under a single Resident and became a member of the FMS.

The number of states within Negeri Sembilan has fluctuated over the years, the federation now consists of six states and a number of sub-states under their suzerainty. The former state of Naning was annexed to Malacca, Kelang to Selangor, and Segamat to Johor.

Negeri Sembilan endured Japanese occupation in World War II between 1942 and 1945, and joined the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and became a state of Malaysia in 1963.

Population and demographics

Negeri Sembilan have seven dictricts.

Rank	Districts	Population 2010
1	Seremban	555,935
2	Jempol	116,576
3	Port Dickson	115,361
4	Tampin	84,889
5	Kuala Pilah	66,092
6	Rembau	43,011
7	Jelebu	39,200

Negeri Sembilan has the population in Malaysia at 1,021,064 as of 2010.^[3] The state's ethnic composition consists of Malay 57.8%, Chinese 21.9%, Indian 14.3%, and other ethnic groups 0.35%.

Government and politics

Constitution

The Constitution of Negeri Sembilan came into force on 26 March 1959. It is divided into two sections. The constitution establishes that the state's form of government is constitutional monarchy and the world's only elective monarchy for matrilineal society. The system was partially the basis for the federal monarchy.

The Ruler

The official constitutional title of the Ruler of the state is Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan and he holds office for life. The state's constitution proclaims the Yang di-Pertuan Besar is vested with the Executive Power of the state, is the Head of the Religion of Islam in the state and is the fountain of all honour and dignity for the state. The current Yang di-Pertuan Besar is His Royal Highness Tuanku Muhriz ibni Almarhum Tuanku Munawir. His Royal Highness succeeds Almarhum Tuanku Jaafar Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman who died on 27 December 2008.

Unlike Malaysia's eight other Royal Malay states, the Ruler of Negeri Sembilan is elected to his office by the territorial chiefs of the state. These chiefs are titled Undang. Only four of the Undangs have the right to vote in the election for the Ruler of the State. They are:

• The Undang of Sungai Ujong
• The Undang of Jelebu
• The Undang of Johol
• The Undang of Rembau

The Undang themselves cannot stand for election and their choice of ruler is limited to a male Muslim who is Malay and also a "lawfully begotten descendant of Raja Radin ibni Raja Lenggang".

State Executive Council

The State Executive Council is established by the 1959 constitution. It consists of the Menteri Besar, who is its Chairman, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and the other members of the council are appointed by the Yang Di-Pertuan Besar from the members of the State Assembly. The current Menteri Besar or Chief Minister of the state is Dato' Seri Utama Muhammad Hassan.

Religion

As of 2010 the population of Negeri Sembilan is 60.3% Muslim, 21.2% Buddhist, 13.4% Hindu, 2.4% Christian, 0.5% Taoist or Chinese religion follower, 1.4% follower of other religions, and 0.8% non-religious.

Economy

The state's manufacturing sector contributing almost half of the state’s gross domestic product (GDP), followed by services and tourism (40.3%), agriculture (6%), construction (2.2%) and mining (0.3%). Manufacturing activity includes electrical and electronics, textiles, furniture, chemicals, machinery, metal works and rubber products. The main industrial areas are Senawang, Sungai Gadut, Tuanku Jaafar Industrial Park, Nilai and Tanah Merah in Port Dickson. Coca-Cola, which is in the midst of setting up its billion ringgit bottling plant in Bandar Enstek.

Negeri Sembilan is mainly an agricultural state. However, the establishment of several industrial estates enhanced the manufacturing sector as a major contributor towards the state economy.

Agricultural activity includes rubber and oil palm plantations, livestock, fruit orchards and vegetable farming. About 3,099 square kilometres are used for rubber and oil palm plantations.

Culture

The Minangkabau people brought along with them a cultural heritage which is still preserved and practised today as the Adat perpatih, a matrilineal system of inheritance and administration that is unique to the state. It is a system where the husband is the head of the household and inheritance passes from the mother to the daughter. The Minangkabau's divided into twelve suku or tribes, and marriage between members of the same tribe or clan is forbidden. The Minangkabau influence in the state can be found in dances and food as well.

Dances

Negeri Sembilan also has traditional music like the Caklempong, Dikir Rebana, Tumbuk Kalang, and Bongai.

The musical instruments used bear some semblance to Sumatra, the ancestral home of the Minangkabau people. Dances like the tarian lilin (candle dance) and rentak kuda (beat of the horse) are popular in Negeri Sembilan and the coordinated movements of the dancers in their colorful costumes in the Tarian Piring and the upbeat tempo of Tarian Randai. Unlike modern dance, each beat, rhythm and movement in these dances combines to form a story, maybe of a bygone myth or simply a reflection of the lifestyles of another era.

They are usually performed at traditional festivities, cultural events and dinner-cum-cultural shows.

Cuisine

Traditional Negeri Sembilan food is hot and spicy, as one of the ingredients used is the chili padi, the hottest of chili peppers. Popular dishes includes rendang, (pieces of beef cooked in coconut milk and chillies). One should experience the unique Minangkabau style of cooking, which sees generous portions of 'chili padi' (small and extremely hot chilies) being used. Try the "Masak Lemak Cili Padi - fish, meat, or vegetables cooked in coconut milk blended with turmeric and ground chili padi.

Another Negeri Sembilan specialty is "Lemang", glutinous rice cooked in coconut milk in a bamboo stem over an open fire. This is normally served with Rendang, a deliciously thick and dry meat curry.^[5]

Tourism

The popular attractions in Negeri Sembilan are:

• Port Dickson Beach – A famous weekend retreat for city dwellers, it is said to have been named after a British officer, Sir John Frederik Dickson in 1889^[6]
• Seri Menanti Royal Museum – Originally a palace for the Negeri Sembilan Royal family, this five storey wooden palace, was built using no nails or screws. Expect to find costumes, weaponry, bed chambers as well as documents on the royal lineage on display in the museum^[7]
• Army Museum – The ultimate collections of artefact which had once witnessed the battlement to retain the sovereignty of Malaysia^[8]
• Sri Menanti Palace - Sri Menanti is the royal capital of Negeri Sembilan. This former royal palace, built of wood about 110 years ago without using a single nail, has been a museum of royal regalia since 1992 and contains interesting displays of costumes, furniture, weapons and other paraphernalia.
• Mount Datuk - This mountain is in 884 metres high, it provides a good work-out and excellent views from the top. It is easily accessible for a day trip from Kuala Lumpur.
• Mount Angsi - It is even closer to Kuala Lumpur and is a popular climbing spot. It also similar height with Mount Datuk and quite an exhausting walk.
• Mount Telapak Buruk - It is one of Negeri Sembilan highest peaks but not so popular with day trippers.
• Lukut Museum & Fort Lukut - In Lukut, the tourists can wander among the hilltop remains of a 19th-century fort before visiting the neighbouring Lukut Museum which contains a Lukut Historical Gallery and other interesting artifacts.
• Virgin's Temple - On a hilltop overlooking Seremban is a small Hindu temple called the Arulmighu Maha Sapthakanniga Devi Temple, also known as the Virgin's Temple. Various mystical tales are linked to this place.
• Penarikan Portage -Over 600 years ago they discovered that it was almost possible to traverse the Malay Peninsula by river. It also closely to the Bahau town is the spot known as Jalan Penarikan where boats were carried over the short gap between eastbound and westbound rivers.
• Gemencheh Bridge (Sungai Kelamah) Memorial - This memorial marks the site of a battle at Gemencheh Bridge during World War II where allied forces ambushed advancing Japanese troops. Many lives were lost here.#opi

Administration

Districts

The state comprises 7 districts:

1. Seremban
2. Port Dickson
3. Rembau
4. Jelebu
5. Kuala Pilah
6. Jempol
7. Tampin

It originally consisted of 9 districts:

• Jelai (Inas)
• Jelebu
• Johol
• Kelang (now a district in Selangor)
• Naning (now a district in Malacca)
• Rembau
• Segamat (now in Johor) / Pasir Besar (now in Tampin)
• Sungai Ujong
• Alu Panah (now divided between Jelebu and Pahang State)

List of local authorities

There are 8 local authorities in Negeri Sembilan, namely:

1. Majlis Perbandaran Seremban (MPS)
2. Majlis Perbandaran Nilai (MPN)
3. Majlis Perbandaran Port Dickson (MPPD)
4. Majlis Daerah Jelebu (MDJ)
5. Majlis Daerah Jempol (MJL)
6. Majlis Daerah Kuala Pilah (MDKP)
7. Majlis Daerah Rembau (MDR)
8. Majlis Daerah Tampin (MDT)

Education

Negeri Sembilan has several tertiary education institutions. Most of these education institutions are concentrated in major towns in Negeri Sembilan. The list below represents public and private university based in Negeri Sembilan state:

Public universities

Name	Acronym	Foundation	Location
Islamic Science University of Malaysia	USIM	1998	Nilai
Universiti Teknologi MARA	UiTM		Kuala Pilah & Seremban

Private universities and university colleges

Name	Acronym	Foundation	Location
INTI International University	INTI-IU	1998	Nilai
Manipal International University	MIU	2011	Nilai
Nilai University	NU	1997	Nilai
Mayfield University	MFU	2005	Bahau
Linton University College	UCL	1995	Mantin
Malaysia Theological Seminary	STM	1979	Seremban
UCSI International School	UCSI	1986	Bandar Springhill

Hospitals

There are public hospitals and private hospitals in Negeri Sembilan:

Public Hospitals

• Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban
• Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Kuala Pilah
• Hospital Port Dickson
• Hospital Tampin
• Hospital Jelebu
• Hospital Jempol

Private Hospitals

• Nilai Medical Center, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
• Seremban Specialist Hospital
• Columbia Asia Medical Center - Seremban
• Senawang Specialist Hospital
• NSCMH Medical Centre
• Columbia Asia Hospital

Media

Television

Television in Negeri Sembilan consists of seven free-to-air stations, and one satellite television network services. Three of the seven free-to-air stations are managed by Radio Televisyen Malaysia, a federal government-owned media company headquartered in Kuala Lumpur, while the four commercial stations are owned by Media Prima, an integrated media company headquartered in Bandar Utama, Selangor. The satellite television service is owned by Astro All Asia Networks and it is available nationwide.

Free-to-air

• Radio Televisyen Malaysia (RTM)
  • TV1
  • TV2
  • TVi
  • TV Alhijrah
• Media Prima
  • TV3
  • ntv7
  • 8TV
  • TV9

Satellite television

• Astro (All Astro Plc)

Mainstream newspapers in Negeri Sembilan are:

• Berita Harian (in Bahasa Malaysia)
• Utusan Malaysia (in Bahasa Malaysia)
• Kosmo! (in Bahasa Malaysia)
• Harian Metro (in Bahasa Malaysia)
• Sinar Harian (in Bahasa Malaysia)
• New Straits Times (in English)
• The Star (in English)
• The Malay Mail (in English)
• The Sun (in English)
• Nanyang Siang Pau (in Mandarin)
• Sin Chew Jit Poh (in Mandarin)
• China Press (in Mandarin)
• Malaysia Nanban (in Tamil)
• Tamil Nesan (in Tamil)
• Makkal Osai (in Tamil)

See also

• Overseas Minangkabau

References

External links

• Official site of Negeri Sembilan State Government
• Tourism Malaysia – Johor
• Negeri Sembilan travel guide written and maintained by locals

	Sepang,  Selangor Straits of Malacca	Bentong / Bera,  Pahang Hulu Langat,  Selangor	Bera,  Pahang
	Straits of Malacca		Bera,  Pahang Segamat,  Johor
	Negeri Sembilan
	Straits of Malacca	Alor Gajah / Jasin,  Malacca	Ledang,  Johor

State of Negeri Sembilan Capital: Seremban Topics Index History Menteris Besar Constitution Elections Geography Monarchy monarchs Judiciary Law Legislative Music Negeri Sembilanese Symbols Coats of arms Flag Visitor attractions Society Culture Crime Cuisine Demographics Economy Education Politics Administrative divisions Luak (Sub-states) Jelebu Jempol Johol Rembau Sungai Ujong Tampin Districts Jelebu Jempol Kuala Pilah Port Dickson Rembau Seremban Tampin Towns Ayer Kuning Air Kuning Selatan Ampangan Bahau Bandar Seri Jempol Batang Benar Batu Kikir Chembong Chengkau Dangi Gemas Gemencheh Johol Juasseh Kota Kuala Klawang Kuala Pilah Labu Lenggeng Linggi Lukut Mantin Mambau Nilai Pajam Paroi Pantai Pasir Panjang Pedas Pengkalan Kempas Pertang Port Dickson Rantau Rasah Rembau Rompin Senawang Sepang Road Seremban 2 Seremban 3 Seri Menanti Serting Sikamat Siliau Simpang Durian Simpang Pertang Sungai Gadut Sungai Muntoh Tampin Tanjung Ipoh Teluk Kemang Tiroi Townships Bandar Ainsdale Bandar Baru Nilai Bandar Enstek Bandar Springhill Bandar Sri Sendayan Rasah Jaya Seremban Forest Heights Villages FELDA L.B. Johnson Bukit Pelanduk Commons Wikisource Category

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