Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (film)

Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind

Japanese theatrical poster for Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, designed and illustrated by Yoshiyuki Takani
Japanese 風の谷のナウシカ
Hepburn Kaze no Tani no Naushika
Directed by Hayao Miyazaki
Produced by Isao Takahata
Written by Hayao Miyazaki
Based on Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind 
by Hayao Miyazaki
Starring
Music by Joe Hisaishi
Cinematography
  • Koji Shiragami
  • Yukitomo Shudo
  • Yasuhiro Shimizu
  • Mamoru Sugiura
Edited by
  • Tomoko Kida
  • Naoko Kaneko
  • Masatsugu Sakai
Production
company
Distributed by Toei Company
Release dates
  • March 11, 1984
Running time
 117 minutes
Country Japan
Language Japanese

Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (Japanese: 風の谷のナウシカ Hepburn: Kaze no Tani no Naushika) is a 1984 Japanese animated post-apocalyptic fantasy adventure film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, based on his own 1982 manga of the same name. Isao Takahata produced the film for Tokuma Shoten and Hakuhodo, with Top Craft animating. Joe Hisaishi composed the film's musical score. The film stars the voices of Sumi Shimamoto, Goro Naya, Yoji Matsuda, Yoshiko Sakakibara and Iemasa Kayumi.[1]

The film tells the story of Nausicaä (Shimamoto), a young princess of the Valley of the Wind who gets involved in a struggle with Tolmekia, a kingdom that tries to use an ancient weapon to eradicate a jungle of mutant giant insects. Nausicaä must stop the Tolmekians from enraging these creatures.

The film was released in Japan on March 11, 1984. While created before Studio Ghibli was founded, the film is considered to be the beginning of the studio and is often included as part of the Studio's works, including the Studio Ghibli Collection DVDs and Blu-rays.[2]

Plot

One thousand years have passed since the Seven Days of Fire, an apocalyptic war that destroyed human civilization and gave birth to the vast Toxic Jungle,[Note 1] a forest swarming with giant mutant insects in which everything is lethal to humans. Scattered settlements exist wherever the Toxic Jungle relents. The Valley of the Wind is one such settlement. The Valley's settlers have a prophecy about a person, "clothed in blue robes, descending onto a golden field, to join bonds with the great earth and guide the people to the pure lands at last".

Nausicaä, the agile, cheerful and peace-loving princess of the Valley of the Wind, has managed to befriend the Toxic Jungle. She explores the Jungle and communicates with its creatures, including the gigantic, armored trilobite-like creatures called Ohm.[Note 2] She often travels on a compact jet-powered glider in order to find out about the origins of the Toxic Jungle, understand its nature, and even find a cure for both humans and the world.

One night, during a visit by the Valley's swordsmaster, Lord Yupa, a large fixed-wing cargo aircraft from the kingdom of Tolmekia crashes in the Valley. Nausicaä tries to rescue an onboard passenger, the wounded Princess Lastelle of Pejite, who pleads with Nausicaä to destroy the cargo before dying. The cargo is an embryo of a Giant Warrior, lethal genetically engineered bioweapons that caused the Seven Days of Fire. The invading Tolmekians seized the embryo and Lastelle. The Tolmekian plane, however, was attacked by mutant insects before it crashed. One of the insects then emerges wounded from the wreckage and seems poised to attack the frightened villagers, but Nausicaä uses a small bullroarer to create a high-pitched tune that helps calm it and after mounting her jet-glider, guides the insect out of the village to safety.

The next morning, Tolmekian troops, led by Princess Kushana and Officer Kurotowa, enter the Valley and secure the Giant Warrior embryo, killing Nausicaä's sick father in the process. Kushana plans to mature the Giant Warrior and then use it to burn the Toxic Jungle, even though history warns of fatal consequences. After witnessing her father's death, Nausicaä goes berserk and kills several Tolmekian soldiers before Yupa intervenes. Kushana announces her decision to leave for Pejite with Nausicaä along with five hostages from the Valley. Before they leave, Yupa discovers her secret garden of jungle plants. According to Nausicaä, plants that grow in clean soil and water are not toxic. The jungle's soil, however, has long been tainted by humankind.

Kushana and her detachment are unable to reach their destination, as an agile Pejite interceptor shoots down the Tolmekian ship. Nausicaä, her fellow hostages and Kushana crash-land in the jungle, disturbing several Ohm, which Nausicaä soothes. She then leaves to rescue Asbel, the Pejite pilot and the twin brother of Lastelle, but both are swallowed by quicksand and end up in a non-toxic world below the jungle. Nausicaä realizes that the jungle plants purify the polluted topsoil, producing clean water that remains hidden underground.

Nausicaä and Asbel return to Pejite, only to find it ravaged by the insects. While boarding a single plane, the surviving villagers reveal that they lured the creatures to eradicate the Tolmekians and are doing the same in the Valley to recapture the Giant Warrior. To prevent any intervention, they capture Nausicaä. Later, with the help of Asbel and his mother, Nausicaä escapes on a glider. While flying home, Nausicaä finds a team of Pejite soldiers using a wounded baby Ohm to lead a furious Ohm herd numbering in the thousands into the Valley. The Tolmekians deploy tanks and later the Giant Warrior against the herd, but to no avail: the tanks' firepower is nowhere near enough to harm an Ohm, and the Giant Warrior, having been hatched prematurely, soon disintegrates, despite successfully destroying a few waves of Ohm.

Nausicaä liberates the baby Ohm and gains its trust; in the process, her pink dress becomes stained by its blue blood, turning completely blue. The two attempt to stop the raging herd, but are run over, with Nausicaä seemingly killed. The herd, however, calms down, and the Ohmu use their golden tentacles to heal Nausicaä. Nausicaä awakens and starts to dance on top of the hundreds of glowing golden tentacles. Clad in blue and walking as through golden fields, Nausicaä has fulfilled the prophecy. The Ohmu and Tolmekians leave the Valley afterwards, while the surviving Pejites remain with the Valley people, helping them rebuild. Meanwhile, a new tree is beginning to grow underground.

Voice cast

Characters Japanese voice cast English voice cast (2005)
Nausicaä Sumi Shimamoto Alison Lohman
Asbel Yōji Matsuda Shia LaBeouf
Kushana Yoshiko Sakakibara Uma Thurman
Lord Yupa Goro Naya Patrick Stewart
Obaba Hisako Kyōda Tress MacNeille
Kurotowa Iemasa Kayumi Chris Sarandon
Mito Ichirō Nagai Edward James Olmos
King Jihl Mahito Tsujimura Mark Silverman
Gol Kōhei Miyauchi Frank Welker
Gikuri Jōji Yanami Jeff Bennett
Emperor Jiro J. Tahakushi Mako Iwamatsu
Lastelle Miina Tominaga Emily Bauer
Mayor of Pejite Makoto Terada Mark Hamill
Lastelle's Mother Akiko Tsuboi Jodi Benson
Narrator None Tony Jay

It should also be noted that Susan Davis and Cam Clarke voice Nausicaä and Asbel in the 1985 "Warriors of the Wind" dub, the rest of the voice actors are however unconfirmed.

Production

Hayao Miyazaki made his credited directorial debut in 1979 with Castle of Cagliostro, a film which was a distinct departure from the antics of the Lupin III media, but still went on to receive the Ofuji Noburo Award at the 1979 Mainichi Film Concours.[3][4] [Note 3] Due to the success of the film, Animage contacted Miyazaki to produce works for the company. Miyazaki's movie ideas were rejected and Animage asked him to do a manga; this led to the creation of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind.[3] Miyazaki began writing and drawing the manga in 1982 and became a success upon its release. The owner of Animage and president of Tokuma Shoten encouraged Miyazaki to do a film.[3] Miyazaki initially refused, but agreed on the condition that he could direct.[5]

In the early stages, Isao Takahata, credited as executive producer, reluctantly joined the project even before the animation studio was chosen.[6] An outside studio to produce the film was needed because Tokuma Shoten did not own an animation studio; Miyazaki and Takahata chose the minor studio Topcraft.[6] The production studio's work was known to both Miyazaki and Takahata and was chosen because its artistic talent could transpose the sophisticated atmosphere of the manga to the film.[3][6] On May 31, 1983, work began on the pre-production of the film.[6] Miyazaki encountered difficulties in creating the screenplay, with only sixteen chapters of the manga to work with.[6] Miyazaki would take elements of the story and refocus the narrative and characters to the Tolmekian invasion of Nausicaä's homeland.[6] Takahata would enlist the experimental and minimalist composer Jo Hisaishi to do the score for the film.[6]

In August, the animation work began on the film and was produced by animators hired for the one film and paid per frame.[6][7] One notable animator was Hideaki Anno, who later wrote and directed Neon Genesis Evangelion. Anno was assigned to draw the challenging God Warrior's attack sequence, which according to Toshio Suzuki is a "high point in the film".[7] The film was released in March 1984, with a production schedule of only nine months and with a budget equivalent to $1 million.[6]

Themes

Miyazaki's work on Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was inspired by a range of works including Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea, Brian Aldiss's Hothouse, Isaac Asimov's Nightfall, and J.R.R Tolkien's Lord of the Rings.[6] Dani Cavallaro also suggests inspiration from The Princess Who Loved Insects folktale, and the works of William Golding.[3] Nausicaä, the character, was inspired in name and personality, by Homer's Phaeacian princess in the Odyssey.[3] While a connection to Frank Herbert's Dune is often made there is no confirmation apart from the name "Ohmu" being a syllabic rendition of the English "worm".[6] Miyazaki's imagination was sparked by the mercury poisoning of Minamata Bay and how nature responded and thrived in a poisoned environment, using it to create the polluted world of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind.[3] Ian DeWeese-Boyd agrees, "Her commitment to love and understanding—even to the point of death—transforms the very nature of the conflict around her and begins to dispel the distorting visions that have brought it about."[8]

The most prominent themes are the anti-war and environmental focus of the film. Nausicaä, the heroine, believes in the value of life regardless of its form and through her actions stops a war. Loy and Goodhew state there is no evil portrayed in the film, but the Buddhist roots of evil: greed, ill will and delusion. Fear is what drives the conflicts, the fear of the poisoned forest results in the greed and resentment. Nausicaä, in addition to being a transformative force, leads people to understand and respect nature which is portrayed as welcoming, spiritual, and restorative for those who enter it peacefully.[9]

The film was released, in 1984, with a recommendation from the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).[10] On July 30, 1995, a subtitled version of the film was screened at the Institute of Contemporary Arts, in London, as part of the "Building Bridges" film festival, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.[6] In her March 25, 2013 presentation at Colorado College, on "Tapestries of Apocalypse: From Angers to 'Nausicaa' and Beyond", Dr. Susan J. Napier places the film and in particular the tapestry, depicted underneath the opening credits, within the tradition of artistic representation of apocalypses and apocalyptic visions. She explores the role such expressions play in understanding apocalyptic events and post-event recovery.[11]

Releases

The film was released by Toei Company on March 11, 1984.[7] The film would gross about 1.48 billion yen at the box office, sell 914,767 tickets and make an additional 742 million yen in distribution income.[12] Home releases include the original April 1984 Laserdisc release and as part of Juburi ga Ippai Sutajio Jiburi LD Zenshuu (Ghibli Complete Collection: Studio Ghibli Complete LD Collection) from August 1996, the original March 1984 VHS version by Animage and re-release by Buena Vista on September 19, 1997. Three DVD sets were released in Japan with a regular DVD and figure set released on November 19, 2003, and a collectors set following on December 7, 2003.[13]

Warriors of the Wind

Box art of the American Warriors of the Wind dub.

New World Pictures produced a 95-minute English-dubbed version of the film, titled Warriors of the Wind, and it was released theatrically in the United States in June 1985, with the VHS video release in December 1985.[6] In the late 1980s, Vestron Video would release the film and First Independent Video would re-release it in 1993 with another minute cut from the film. The voice actors and actresses were not informed of the film's plotline and the film was heavily edited to market it to children.[14] Consequently, part of the film's narrative meaning was lost; some of the environmentalist themes were diluted as was the main subplot of the Ohmu, altered to turn them into aggressive enemies. Most of the characters were renamed, including Nausicaä who became Princess Zandra.[14] The United States cover for the VHS release featured a cadre of male characters who are not in the film, riding the resurrected God Warrior—including a still-living Warrior shown briefly in a flashback.[15] A total of 21 minutes and 50 seconds was cut from the original production for the release of Warriors of the Wind.[16]

Dissatisfied with Warriors of the Wind, Miyazaki decided to adopt a strict "no-edits" clause for future foreign releases of Studio Ghibli's films.[14] On hearing Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein would try to cut Princess Mononoke to make it more marketable, one of Studio Ghibli's producers sent an authentic katana with a simple message: "No cuts".[17]

2005 English re-release

An uncut and re-dubbed version of Nausicaä was released on DVD by Buena Vista Home Entertainment on February 22, 2005 for Region 1. This DVD also includes the Japanese audio track with English subtitles. Optimum Home Entertainment released the film in Region 2, and the Region 4 DVD is distributed by Madman Entertainment. A remastered Blu-ray sourced from a 6K filmscan was released on July 14, 2010 in Japan. It includes an uncompressed Japanese LPCM stereo track, an English dub and English subtitles. On October 18, 2010 a Blu-ray version was released in Region 2 by Optimum Home Entertainment.[18] The film was released on Blu-ray in the United States and Canada on March 8, 2011 by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.[19][20]

Other language releases

Spain has only released two versions of the cut film, both called "Guerreros del Viento" (Warriors of the Wind) with the first in 1987 and again 1991.[13] France has had both versions of the movie appear with two cut versions named "La Princesse des Etoiles" (The Princess of the Stars) and "Le vaisseau fantôme" (The Ghost Ship); the uncut film had a regular and collector's DVD set released on April 18, 2007.[13] In Germany UFA released the 86 minute long cut version on VHS as Sternenkrieger (literally "Star Warriors") in 1986; and Universum Anime released the uncut DVD release on September 5, 2005.[13][16] The 2007 Hungarian release, titled "Nauszika - A szél harcosai" (Nausicaa - The Warriors of the Wind) is uncut despite the title's reference.[13] The Korean DVD release of the uncut film was on March 3, 2004. China has had three releases of Nausicaä; the first on Video CD and two DVD releases.[13]

Reception

Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind received generally positive reviews from film critics. The film frequently ranked among the best animated films in Japan[21][22] and is seen as a seminal influence on the development of anime, as the film's success led to the foundation of Studio Ghibli and several other anime studios. Theron Martin of Anime News Network praised the film for its character designs, as well as Hayao Miyazaki's direction and Joe Hisaishi's score. He also said that the film "deserves a place on any short list of all-time classic anime movies."[23] Commonsense Media, which serves to inform parents about media for children, rated the film positively and cited its good role models and positive messages, but also cautions parents about its dramatic setting and violent scenes.[24] As of August 2013, review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 83% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 11 reviews with an average rating of 7.8/10.[25] The film was also, like all Ghibli movies, a large box office hit in Japan.

Final Fantasy creator Hironobu Sakaguchi has cited the manga and film as an influence on his series. As such, the horseclaws in the film were used as an inspiration for the Chocobos in the games.[26] Numerous games have used Ohmu-like creatures, assumed to be reference to the film including Metal Slug 3 Cyber Core and Viewpoint.[27] The game Crystalis, known in Japan as God Slayer: Haruka Tenkū no Sonata (ゴッド・スレイヤー はるか天空のソナタ), shares common elements with the film, including an insect that resembles an Ohmu.[28] Helen McCarthy in 500 Essential Anime Movies praised the animation techniques of Miyazaki, stating that "the real strength of this film is the script, packed with incident, excitement and passion, and the soundtrack" of Joe Hisaishi.[29]

Gliders

Various gliders are seen in the film, and the protagonist, Nausicaä, uses a jet-assisted one-person glider-shaped machine with folding wings. According to the accompanying film book released in Japan, the glider is called Möwe (メーヴェ Mēve, or "mehve" in the English manga), the German word meaning gull.[30] An official scale model lists it as having an approximate wingspan of 5.8 meters (1/20 model measured to be 29 cm), while the design notes indicate it has a mass of only 12 kg.[30][31] In 2004, the Japanese-led OpenSky Aircraft Project began attempts to build a real-life, working personal jet glider based on the glider from the film. Two full-size gliders with no power source carrying the code name M01 and M02, with a half-sized jet-powered remote controlled mock up called moewe 1/2 was built.[32][33] The designer and tester of the project refused the official endorsement of the project by Studio Ghibli and Hayao Miyazaki, noting that he did not want to cause trouble for them if an accident occurred.[34] A jet powered version (registration number JX0122) was finally able to take off under its own power for the first time on September 3, 2013.[35]

Soundtracks

The film's score was composed by Joe Hisaishi, while the vocal theme song "Kaze no Tani no Naushika" was produced by Haruomi Hosono (Yellow Magic Orchestra and Happy End member) and sung by Narumi Yasuda.[36] Numerous soundtracks and albums relating to the film have been released.[37]

Other media

Manga

Miyazaki's manga version of Nausicaä was written over a period of 12 years, with breaks taken to work on Studio Ghibli films. Serialized in Tokuma Shoten's Animage magazine, the first chapter was published in February 1982, and the last chapter in March 1994. Miyazaki adapted and altered the work for the film because only sixteen chapters of the manga were written at the time of the film's production.[38] The manga would continue to be produced until the seventh and final book was released in January 15, 1995.[39][40] The English localization was initially done by Toren Smith and Dana Lewis of Studio Proteus.[41] After Miyazaki resumed production of the manga, Viz Media chose a new team and continued to release the rest of manga.[41]

Video games

Three video games were released based on the manga and the film. All three of the titles were developed by Technopolis Soft and published by Technopolis Soft and Tokuma Shoten.[27][42] Nausicaä in the Nick of Time also known as Nausicaä's Close Call (Naushika Kiki Ippatsu or Nausicaä Kiki Ippatsu) is a Japanese shoot 'em up video game developed and published by Technopolis Soft for the NEC PC-6001 computer system in 1984.[27][42][43] The game marketed as Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, and known by its title screen as 風の谷のナウシカ (Kaze no Tani no Nausicaä Nausicaä Adventure Game), is an adventure game developed by Technopolis Soft for the NEC PC-8801; it was released in the 1980s, most likely 1984.[27][44] The third game, 忘れじのナウシカ・ゲーム (Wasure ji no Nausicaä Game Nausicaä's Forgotten Game) for the MSX is the most well-known of the releases and has been frequently and erroneously referred to as a game where the player kills the Ohmu.[27] These games signaled the end of video game adaptations for Hayao Miyzaki's films. The only other game was Cliff Hanger, a Laserdisc game that included Miyazaki's Castle of Cagliostro film scenes.[45] Luke Plunkett describes these "two awful adaptations" as the reason Miyazaki does not allow further video game adaptations of his films.[45]

Other

An art book titled, The Art of Nausicaä (ジ・アート・オブ　風の谷のナウシカ Ji āto Obu kaze no tani no naushika) was released by Tokuma Shoten on June 20, 1984. It contains artwork during the early stages of production of the film, and commentary of assistant director Kazuyoshi Katayama.[46]Kaze no tani no Naushika Miyazaki Hayao Suisaiga-shū (風の谷のナウシカ　宮崎駿水彩画集 literally "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Hayao Mizayaki Watercolor Art book") was released by Tokuma Shoten on September 5, 1995. The art book contains artwork of the manga in watercolor, examples of storyboards for the film, autographed pictures by Hayao Miyazaki and interviews on the birth of Nausicaä.[39] The book has been translated in English and French.[40][47] Two bunkobon volumes containing the story boards were released, on March 31, 1984.[48][49] In 2001, the Nausicaä storyboards were re-released, bundled into a single, larger, volume as part 1 of the Studio Ghibli Story boards collection.[50] A selection of layout designs for the film was also incorporated in the Studio Ghibli Layout Designs exhibition tour, which started in the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo (July 28, 2008 to September 28, 2008) and subsequently travelled to different museums around Japan and Asia, concluding in the Fukuoka Asian Art Museum (October 12, 2013 to January 26, 2014). The exhibition catalogues contain annotated reproductions of the displayed artwork.[51][52] Tokuma Shoten released a film comic, in four volumes, one each week from November 20, 1990 to December 20, 1990.[53][54] A two-volume children's version was released on March 31, 1998.[55][56]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Toxic Jungle: Sea of Decay in the film's subtitled version; Sea of Corruption in the manga translation
  2. ↑ Pronunciation: Ohm: /oʊm/. The Japanese name, (王蟲 (Ō mu(shi))), consists of the kanji for king and insect or bug. Transliterated as Ohmu in manga translations and as Ohm in the film's subtitles.
  3. ↑ Previously, Miyazaki had co-directed episodes of Lupin III with Takahata and was writer and director of two episodes in Lupin III Part II under the pseudonym "Telecom".[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Kaze No Tani No Naushika". www.bcdb.com, May 13, 2012
  2. ↑ "Ghibli 101 FAQ // Studio Ghibli //". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Cavallaro, Dani (2006). The Anime Art of Hayao Miyazaki. McFarland. pp. 47–57, 194.
  4. ↑ "日映画コンクール Mainichi Film Awards". Animations CC. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Anime and Academia: Interview with Marc Hairston on pedagogy and Nausicaa". Utdallas.edu. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12 McCarthy, Helen (1999). Hayao Miyazaki Master of Japanese Animation. Stone Bridge Press. pp. 72–92. ISBN 1880656418.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Studio Ghibli, The Birth of Studio Ghibli video, c. 2003 (included on UK Nausicaä DVD)
  8. ↑ DeWeese-Boyd, Ian (April 9, 2013). "Shojo Savior: Princess Nausicaä, Ecological Pacifism, and The Green Gospel". University of Toronto Press. p. 1. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  9. ↑ Loy, David and Goodhew, Linda (February 2004). "The Dharma of Miyazaki Hayao: Revenge vs. Compassion in Nausicaa and Mononoke" (PDF). 文教大学国際学部紀要 Bunkyo University Faculty of International 14 (2): 67–75.
  10. ↑ "ナウシカの道連載 最終回 宮崎駿" [The Road to Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaä, final episode]. Animage (Tokyo: Tokuma Shoten) (70): 180–181. March 10, 1984. Retrieved November 27, 2013.
  11. ↑ "The First Mondays Events Series: "Tapestries of Apocalypse: From Angers to 'Nausicaa' and Beyond"" by Dr. Susan J. Napier, March 25, 2013, Colorado College, Armstrong Hall, 14 E. Cache La Poudre St., Colorado Springs, Co.
  12. ↑ 叶精二 (Kano Seiji) (2006). 宮崎駿全書 (Miyazaki Hayao complete book). フィルムアート社 (Film Art, Inc.). pp. 65, 66. ISBN 4-84590687-2.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 "Video List: Kaze no Tani no Naushika". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "FAQ". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved June 30, 2008.
  15. ↑ Warriors of the Wind [VHS] (1985)New World Pictures
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Schnittbericht - Warriors Of The Wind". Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  17. ↑ Brooks, Xan (September 14, 2005). "A god among animators". The Guardian. Retrieved May 23, 2007. There is a rumour that when Harvey Weinstein was charged with handling the US release of Princess Mononoke, Miyazaki sent him a samurai sword in the post. Attached to the blade was a stark message: 'No cuts.' / The director chortles. 'Actually, my producer did that.'
  18. ↑ "Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (Blu-ray)". Optimum Releasing. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  19. ↑ "Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (Two-Disc Blu-ray/DVD Combo): Uma Thurman, Patrick Stewart, Shia LeBeouf, Hayao Miyazaki: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Nausicaa of the Valley 2-Disc BD Combo Pack BD+DVD Blu-ray: Amazon.ca: Hayao Miyazaki: DVD". Amazon.ca. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  21. ↑ Andrew Osmond (Spring 1998). "NAUSICAA AND THE FANTASY OF HAYAO MIYAZAKI". SF journal Foundation (72): 57–81. Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  22. ↑ "Best Anime Ranking". Retrieved November 29, 2012.
  23. ↑ Martin, Theron (March 16, 2005). "Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind - DVD - Review". Anime News Network. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  24. ↑ "Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind - Movie Review". Commonsense Media. December 3, 2011. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind Movie Reviews". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  26. ↑ Rogers, Tim (March 27, 2006). "In Defense of Final Fantasy XII". Edge. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 7, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2014. Okay, so the Chocobos -- big, yellow riding birds -- were actually stolen from Hayao Miyazaki's movie Nausicaa and the Valley of the Wind, and Hironobu Sakaguchi freely admitted that way back when.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 Szczepaniak, John (August 2012). "Hardcore Gaming 101 - Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  28. ↑ Robert Greene. "Hardcore Gaming 101: Crystalis". Hardcore Gaming 101. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  29. ↑ McCarthy, Helen. 500 Essential Anime Movies: The Ultimate Guide. — Harper Design, 2009. — P. 24. — 528 p. — ISBN 978-0061474507
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Official film book, ロマンアルバム 「風の谷のナウシカ」
  31. ↑ Möwe with Nausicaä 1/20 scale model, Studio Ghibli Plamodel Collection, Bandai, release date June 2004, Modeler: (Two Horsepower (二馬力 nibariki), Copyright:Nibariki co., Ltd/Studio Ghibli)
  32. ↑ "Opensky Project". Petworks.co.jp. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  33. ↑ "Jet engine remote controlled moewe 1/2". Kabosu100.net. Archived from the original on August 13, 2003. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  34. ↑ 「万一の時にジブリや宮崎駿氏に迷惑をかけたくない」, Opensky Project
  35. ↑ "朝日新聞デジタル：ナウシカの飛行機、飛んだ ネット上で動画人気 - 社会" [Asahi Shimbun Digital : Nausicaä airplane flight video popular on the net - social]. Asahi.com. September 3, 2013. Archived from the original on September 3, 2013. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
  36. ↑ "Kaze no Tani no Naushika (Nausicaä of the Valley of Wind): Credits, Figures & Other Information". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
  37. ↑ Nausicaä.net. Kaze no Tani no Naushika
  38. ↑ Ryan, Scott. "Chapter guide". Nausicaa.net. Team Ghiblink. Retrieved December 30, 2008.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 宮崎, 駿. 風の谷のナウシカ　宮崎駿水彩画集 (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Miyazaki, Hayao. The Art of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind: Watercolor Impressions by Hayao Miyazaki. Retrieved December 8, 2013.
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "The New MIYAZAKI Generation". Comix Box. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Multimedia Goods List //". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Anime Video Games Reviews: Nausicaa Tecnopolis Soft MSX". Anime-games.co.uk. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  44. ↑ "Multimedia Goods List //". Nausicaa.net. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 Plunkett, Luke (November 25, 2011). "Ni No Kuni Isn't Miyazaki/Ghibli's First Video Game Appearance". Kotaku. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
  46. ↑ ジ・アート・オブ　風の谷のナウシカ (in Japanese). Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2012. Another art book titled,
  47. ↑ Miyazaki, Hayao (November 9, 2006). Nausicaä de la vallée du vent : Recueil d'aquarelles par Hayao Miyazaki (in French). Glénat. p. 105. ISBN 2-7234-5180-1.
  48. ↑ 風の谷のナウシカ　絵コンテ[1] (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4-19-669522-1. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  49. ↑ 風の谷のナウシカ　絵コンテ[2] (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4-19-669523-X. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
  50. ↑ スタジオジブリ絵コンテ全集1 (単行本) (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 9784198613761. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
  51. ↑ "スタジオジブリ・レイアウト展 : 高畑・宮崎アニメの秘密がわかる" [Studio Ghibli Layout Designs:Understanding the Secrets of Takahata/Miyazaki Animation]. Nippon Television Corporation. Yomiuri Shimbun publishing. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
  52. ↑ "スタジオジブリ・レイアウト展 : 高畑・宮崎アニメの秘密がわかる" [Studio Ghibli Layout Designs:Understanding the Secrets of Takahata/Miyazaki Animation]. National Diet Library. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
  53. ↑ 風の谷のナウシカ1 (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4-19-770101-2. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  54. ↑ 風の谷のナウシカ4 (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4-19-770120-9. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  55. ↑ アニメ絵本 風の谷のナウシカ 上巻 (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4-19-703624-8. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2012.
  56. ↑ アニメ絵本 風の谷のナウシカ 下巻 (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. ISBN 4-19-703625-6. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2012.

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