Nauclea
| Nauclea | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nauclea orientalis | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cinchonoideae |
| Tribe: | Naucleeae |
| Genus: | Nauclea L. |
| Type species | |
| Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Nauclea is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family. The species are evergreen trees or shrubs that are native to the paleotropics.[1] The terminal vegetative buds are usually strongly flattened.[2] The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words naus, meaning "ship" and kleio, meaning "to close".[3] It refers to the resemblance of the cells of the capsule to a ship's hull.[4]
Cultivation and use
Nauclea diderrichii is a large tree from West Africa that is widely cultivated elsewhere.[5] Its wood is resistant to borers and is used at harbors and in other places where wood is in constant contact with water.[1]
In 2013, researchers reported that samples of Nauclea latifolia were found to contain the opioid analgesic tramadol.[6][7] However, the presence of the compound's mammalian metabolites in the tree and surrounding bodies of water suggests that this is a consequence of environmental accumulation of tramadol after it is given to local livestock and that the tree is not synthesizing the compound.[8]
Taxonomy
Nauclea is a member of the tribe Naucleeae and is sister to a clade consisting of Burttdavya and Sarcocephalus.[9] The current type species for the genus is Nauclea orientalis. Linnaeus originally named it Cephalanthus orientalis in the first edition of Species Plantarum but transferred it to Nauclea when he erected that genus in the second edition in 1762.[10]
Species
- Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild.) Merr.
- Nauclea gageana (King)
- Nauclea gilletii (De Wild.) Merr.
- Nauclea latifolia Smith
- Nauclea officinalis (Pierre ex Pit.) Merr. & Chun
- Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. - Common names: Kanluang, Bangkal, Leichhardt Tree, Cheesewood, Yellow Cheesewood, Canary Cheesewood
- Nauclea parva (Havil.) Merr.
- Nauclea robinsonii Merr.
- Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud. - Common names: Bongkol, Bulubangkal
- Nauclea tenuiflora (Havil.) Merr.
- Nauclea vanderguchtii (De Wild.) E.M.A.Petit
- Nauclea xanthoxylon (A.Chev.) Aubrév.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mabberley DJ (2008). Mabberley's Plant Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
- ↑ Ridsdale CE (1978). "A revision of the tribe Naucleeae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". Blumea 24 (2): 325–331.
- ↑ Quattrocchi U (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names 3. Baton Rouge, New York, London, Washington DC: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-2673-8.
- ↑ Huxley AJ (1992). Huxley AJ, Griffiths M, Levy M, ed. The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. London: The Macmillan Press Limited. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5.
- ↑ Staples GW, Herbst DR (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.
- ↑ Boumendjel A, Sotoing Taïwe G, Ngo Bum E, Chabrol T, Beney C, Sinniger V, Haudecoeur R, Marcourt L, Challal S, Ferreira Queiroz E, Souard F, Le Borgne M, Lomberget T, Depaulis A, Lavaud C, Robins R, Wolfender J-L, Bonaz B, De Waard M; Sotoing Taïwe; Ngo Bum; Chabrol; Beney; Sinniger; Haudecoeur; Marcourt; Challal; Ferreira Queiroz; Souard; Le Borgne; Lomberget; Depaulis; Lavaud; Robins; Wolfender; Bonaz; De Waard (November 4, 2013). "Occurrence of the synthetic analgesic tramadol in an African medicinal plant". Angewandte Chemie International Edition (communication) 52 (45): 11780–11784. doi:10.1002/anie.201305697.
- ↑ Randall, Ian (17 September 2013). "Synthetic drug found in nature". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ↑ Kusari, S., Tatsimo, S. J. N., Zühlke, S., Talontsi, F. M., Kouam, S. F., Spiteller, M; Tatsimo; Zühlke; Talontsi; Kouam; Spiteller (2014). "Tramadol- A True Natural Product?". Angewandte Chemie International Edition: n/a. doi:10.1002/anie.201406639.
- ↑ Manns U, Bremer B; Bremer (2010). "Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (1): 21–39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002. PMID 20382247.
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus. 1762. Species Plantarum 2nd edition. (Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum diferentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas / Caroli Linnæe.): 1:243. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii: Stockholm, Sweden.