Natural monuments of South Korea

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Natural monuments of South Korea
Hangul 천연기념물
Hanja 天然紀念物
Revised Romanization Cheoneongineommul
McCune–Reischauer Ch'ŏnyŏnkinyŏmmul

This is a partial list of natural monuments of South Korea. By 2009 a total of 576 animal, plants, landforms, geological formations, and nature reserves had been designated by the Cultural Heritage Administration of South Korea as natural monuments. Only 404 of these continue to maintain their designation.[1]

1-50

Number Name Location Description Ref(s)
1 Forest of Oriental Arborvitae in Dalseong (대구 도동 측백나무 숲) Do-dong, Dong-gu, Daegu A 35,603 m2 (383,230 sq ft) forest of oriental arborvitae on the north slope of Mount Hyangsan. Previously thought to grow only in China, this area was determined in the early 1900s to be the southern boundary of the species. It was recorded by Seo Geojeong (1420–1488) in the Joseon Dynasty as one of "Ten Sceneries of Dalseong" and called the "Northern Wall Fragrant Forest" (北壁香林). [2][3]
8 Lacebark Pine of Jae-dong in Seoul (서울 재동 백송) Jae-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul A lacebark pine on the grounds of the Constitutional Court of Korea. The trunk branches off into two sections that rise to a height of 15 m (49 ft), but needs to be held up with supports to prevent the tree from falling over. Said to have been brought by an envoy from China, the tree is estimated to be about 600 years old, the oldest of this species in the country. [4][5]
9 Lacebark Pine of Susong-dong in Seoul (서울 조계사 백송) Susong-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul A lacebark pine at the Buddhist temple of Jogyesa. It reaches a height of 10 m (33 ft) but its proximity to the main hall and the lack of growing space has weakened its condition. The tree is estimated to be about 500 years old and said to have been brought by an envoy from China, for which it is also called "The Pine of Tang" (唐松). [6][7]
11 Habitat of the White-bellied Black Woodpecker in Gwangneung (광릉 크낙새 서식지) Bupyeong-ri, Jinjeon-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi-do A 3,076,264 m2 (33,112,630 sq ft) habitat of the white-bellied black woodpecker stretching across the cities of Pocheon and Namyangju. The planting of pine and fir in the forest surrounding King Sejo and Queen Jeonghui's tombs during the Joseon Dynasty provided a good habitat for the species; the area was strictly protected for nearly 500 years. Rare to the point of near-extinction, the bird has not been observed in the Gwangneung area since 1989. [8][9]
13 Breeding Ground of Herons in Jincheon (진천 노원리 왜가리 번식지) Nowon-ri, Iwol-myeon, Jincheon, Chungcheongbuk-do A 68,968 m2 (742,370 sq ft) heronry of grey and white herons near the village of Nowon-ri. Originally, the birds bred on a gingko tree estimated to be about 750 years old on the grounds of a private home; they have since moved on to the trees of the surrounding area. The local waters of the heronry include rice paddies, Miho-cheon, and its tributaries. [10][11]
18 Natural Habitat of Spleenwort of Sam-do (제주 삼도 파초일엽 자생지) Bomok-dong, Seogwipo, Jeju-do Spleenwort ferns on the cliffs of Sam-do. The island is this sub-tropical species' northern boundary and its only natural habitat in South Korea. The approximately 150 specimens have broad leaves up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Transplantation was used to stabilize the species after over-picking nearly wiped it out, although genetic testing has raised doubts as to the indigenousness of about half the ferns. [12][13]
19 Natural Habitat of Crinum Lily in Gujwa-eup (제주 토끼섬 문주란 자생지) Hado-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju City, Jeju-do Crinum lilies on the island of Nan-do. This is the northern boundary of this subtropical species and its only natural habitat in South Korea. Its seeds were likely carried to the island by the ocean current. Surrounded by rocks and covered in sand, Nan-do is a very suitable habitat for this species, whose white flowers bloom from July to September. The plant was nearly wiped out by over-picking but replanting and active protection has since seen it flourish. [14][15]
27 Habitat of Eels in Jeju-do (제주 무태장어 서식지) Cheonjiyeon Waterfall and Saekdal-dong, Seogwipo, Jeju-do A 300,070 m2 (3,229,900 sq ft) habitat of marbled eel in Seogwipo. The area is the northern limit of this tropical species, which can only be spotted sporadically. Their spawning grounds are presumed to be in Taiwan, Okinawa, or perhaps even China and the Philippines, subsequently distributing into Korea by way of the ocean current. The inflow of pollutants is anticipated to have a negative effect on the habitat. [16][17]
28 Evergreen Forest of Judo Island (완도 주도 상록수림) Judo, Wando-eup, Wando, Jeollanam-do A 17,355 m2 (186,810 sq ft) subtropical forest on the island of Judo. Although small in size, the island's virgin forest is home to hundreds of varieties of trees making it valuable for academic research. Since the tree line meets the water, the forest also provides an ideal shelter for the fish of the surrounding waters. Its excellent state of preservation is likely due to the presence of an animist shrine at the island's highest point, for which the island has traditionally been considered hallowed ground. [18][19]
29 Evergreen Forest at Mijo-ri (남해 미조리 상록수림) Mijo-ri, Samdong-myeon, Namhae, Gyeongsangnam-do A 3,441 m2 (37,040 sq ft) forest on the east coast of Namhae County. It serves as a windbreak in winter for the nearby village of Mijo-ri and a shelter for the fish of the surrounding waters. It is home to a large variety of trees, including species common to the area such as silver magnolia, Japanese cinnamomum, and mochi trees, while its ground is covered in ardisia shrubs, mondo grass and holly leaf ferns. The forest is venerated by local residents who believe that as long as the forest flourishes, the village will produce people of great merit. [20][21]
30 Ginkgo Tree of Yongmunsa Temple (양평 용문사 은행나무) Yongmun-myeon, Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do A ginkgo tree at the Buddhist temple of Yongmunsa. The moss covered trunk branches off into three sections and reaches a height of about 41 m (135 ft). The tree is estimated to be about 1100 years old, said to have been planted by the final crown prince of Silla in despair over the ruin of his kingdom. [22][23]
35 Pseudo-hackberry in Daegu-myeon (강진 사당리 푸조나무) Sadang-ri, Daegu-myeon, Gangjin, Jeollanam-do A pseudo-hackberry tree in a field near the village of Sadang-ri. After part of the trunk died, seven branches spouted from the top and grew to a height of 16 m (52 ft). Estimated to be about 300 years old, it is said to have sprouted from the seeds of a branch broken off in a windstorm. The tree was first registered as a natural monument in 1937 by the Japanese Government General. [24][25]
36 Asian Fringe Tree of Ssangam-myeon (순천 평중리 이팝나무) Ssangam-myeon, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do An Asian fringe tree atop a hill near the village of Pyeongjung-ri. Near the ground the trunk splits into two and rises to a height of 13.64 m (44.8 ft). The tree is in a poor state of health, with many of the upper branches beginning to wither and its leaves generally smaller than normal. Estimated to be about 400 years old, its blooming flowers are said to predict a good harvest. [26][27]
38 Higna Cherry Tree of Hwaeomsa Temple (구례 화엄사 올벚나무) Gurye, Jeollanam-do A higna cherry tree at Jijangam, a hermitage of the Buddhist temple of Hwaeomsa. Its two trunks rise to a height of 12 m (39 ft). The tree was heavily damaged by wind in 1945 and today its condition is poor, with many withering branches in the crown. It is estimated to be about 300 years old, the oldest of this species in the country, and said to have been planted by the monk Byeogam Gakseong (1575–1660) in the Joseon Dynasty. [28][29]
39 Torreya Tree of Byeongyeong-myeon (강진 삼인리 비자나무) Samin-ri, Byeongyeong-myeon, Gangjin, Jeollanam-do A torreya tree on the south slope of Mount Naejangsan. Compared to its modest height of 10 m (33 ft), the crown is wide and has long branches. The area below has been reinforced with stone retaining walls, but the remaining root space is now very small. Estimated to be about 500 years old, the area surrounding the tree was home to an army garrison established by King Taejong (r. 1400–1418) that was in existence until 1894. [30][31]
40 Evergreen Forest at Yesong-ri (완도 예송리 상록수림) Yesong-ri, Bogil-myeon, Wando, Jeollanam-do A 58,486 m2 (629,540 sq ft) forest on the south-east coast of Bogil-do. Planted about 300 years ago as a windbreak against typhoons, it stretches for about 740 m (2,430 ft) along the beach. The forest is home to a wide variety of trees, including blacks pines as well as thick oleasters that twist and wind around the other trees. A one-hundred year old black pine within the forest is venerated by residents of Yesong-ri as a guardian deity, for which a ceremony is held every December to wish for the peace and security of the village. [32][33]
48 Natural Growth of Chinese Juniper in Tonggumi (울릉 통구미 향나무 자생지) Namnyang-ri, Seo-myeon, Ulleung County, Gyeongsangbuk-do A 24,132 m2 (259,750 sq ft) habitat of Chinese juniper on Tonggumi, a cliff near the village of Namnyang-ri, Ulleung-do. The trees have largely grown out of the rock crevices in isolation from other species, sharing particular genetic traits unique to this area and making them valuable for research. They have grown twisted along the rock face due to the strong sea winds. An early description of the habitat is found in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty after a patrol of soldiers was forced ashore by a storm in 1724. [34][35]
49 Natural Growth of Chinese Juniper in Daepunggam (울릉 대풍감 향나무 자생지) Taeha-ri, Seo-myeon, Ulleung County, Gyeongsangbuk-do A 119,005 m2 (1,280,960 sq ft) habitat of Chinese juniper on Daepunggam, a cliff near the village of Taeha-ri, Ulleung-do. Although once plentiful to this area, the species is now found only above the cliffs where the strong sea winds have prevented the trees from growing to their full height. The difficult terrain ensures that the trees grow in isolation from other species, while protecting them from human encroachment. An early description of the habitat is found in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty after a patrol of soldiers was forced ashore by a storm in 1724. [36][37]
50 Hemlock, Pine and Beech Trees in Taeha-dong (울릉 태하동 솔송나무·섬잣나무·너도밤나무군락) Taeha-ri, Seo-myeon, Ulleung County, Gyeongsangbuk-do A 171,792 m2 (1,849,150 sq ft) community of southern Japanese hemlock, Japanese white pine, and Chinese beech in Taeha-dong. Although common to Japan, in South Korea these species are found only on Ulleung-do. The beeches can grow up to 20 m (66 ft) in height, while the hemlocks and white pines can reach 30 m (98 ft). The rarity of the species makes them valuable for research, the pine in particular having only a vary narrow distribution on the island. [38][39]

51-100

Number Name Location Description Ref(s)
51 Cotoneaster wilsonii and Insular abelia of Do-dong (울릉 도동 섬개야광나무와 섬댕강나무군락) Dodong-ri, Nam-myeon, Ulleung County, Gyeongsangbuk-do A 49,587 m2 (533,750 sq ft) community of cotoneaster wilsonii and abelia insularis near the village of Dodong-ri. In South Korea, these rare shrubs are found only on Ulleung-do. Growing sporadically along the coastal cliffs, abelia insularis can reach a height of 1 m (3.3 ft) and produces fruit that ripens in September. Cotoneaster wilsonii can grow up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft), its flowers blooming from May to June. The later species was once limited to the mountain behind the village, but was transplanted to another mountain face nearby to ensure its survival. [40][41]
52 Chrysanthemum lucidum and Thymus magnus in Nari-dong (나리동의 울릉국화, 섬백리향군락) Na-ri, Buk-myeon, Ulleung County, Gyeongsangbuk-do A 5,807 m2 (62,510 sq ft) community of Ulleung chrysanthemums and five-ribbed thyme shrubs near the village of Na-ri. Both species are endemic to Ulleung-do, growing sporadically in unshaded areas. Located in a valley on the island's only level and open ground, the designated monument is fenced from other species. The white Ulleung chrysanthemum blossoms from September to October, while the thyme shrubs give off a strong fragrance. They were first registered as natural monuments by the Japanese Government General. [42][43]
53 Jindo Dog (진도의 진도개) Jindo, Jeollanam-do Endemic to the isle of Jindo, the jindo dog population registered as a natural monument was 5573 in 2009 and increasing. A fully grown male will reach a height of 48–53 cm (19–21 in), a female, 45–50 cm (18–20 in). Agile with well-developed senses of smell and sight, the jindo is an excellent hunting dog. By some accounts, the breed was introduced to the island after a Southern Song Dynasty trading ship was wrecked nearby. [44][45][46]
59 Ginkgo Tree of the Confucian Shrine of Seoul (서울 문묘 은행나무) Myeongnyun-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul A ginkgo tree at the Confucian shrine of Sungkyunkwan University. One of a pair located in the courtyard, the tree reaches a height of 21 m (69 ft). It has an erect trunk with evenly distributed branches, from which hang several large adventitious roots. Estimated to be about 400 years old, it was planted in 1519 by Yun Tak (1472–1534), the head of the National Confucian Academy. [47][48]
60 Lacebark Pine of Songpo (송포의 백송) Deogi-dong, Ilsan, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do A lacebark pine in Deogi-dong, Ilsan. The tree is situated along a roadside, the surrounding area heavily developed with factories and warehouses. The trunk branches off into two directions and reaches a height of 10 m (33 ft). The tree is estimated to be about 250 years old. By one tradition, it was planted by the Joseon Dynasty General Choi Suwon, during the reign of King Sejong (r.1418–1450). In another account, it was a gift from a Chinese envoy to a man named Yu Hagyeom, during the reign of King Seonjo (r.1567–1608), for which it is also called "The Pine of Tang" (唐松). [49][50]
62 Forest of Oriental Arborvitae in Yeongcheon-ri (영천리의 측백수림) Yengcheon-ri, Maepo-eup, Danyang County, Chungcheongbuk-do A 54,913 m2 (591,080 sq ft) forest of oriental arborvitae in Yeongcheon. The trees grow along a limestone hill, their height reaching 2.5–3.5 m (8.2–11.5 ft). The low volume of traffic on the adjacent highway to Jecheon has had little adverse effect on the forest compared to the lime kiln that was once nearby. This area has proven to be relatively good for the species to grow, and may be its northern boundary in Korea. The floor of the forest is covered in ferns, and there have been discoveries of holly fern, which is normally found in more temperate climates. [51][52]
63 Natural Habitat of Fatsia on Bijindo island (통영비진도의 팔손이나무자생지) Bijin-ri, Hansan-myeon, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do [53][54]
64 Gingko Tree of Duseo-myeon (두서면의 은행나무) Guryang-ri, Duseo-myeon, Ulju County, Ulsan A gingko tree near the village of Jungni. Situated between agricultural fields, the tree reaches a height of 22 m (72 ft). It was heavily damaged in 2003 by Typhoon Maemi, losing about a third of the trunk, and is now held aloft with metal supports. The tree is estimated to be about 550 years old. By tradition, it was planted in the early Joseon Dynasty by the scholar Lee Jidae, who, after retiring from government service, brought the tree from the capital and planted it by the lotus pond at his home. In addition to being appreciated for its beauty, the tree was well-known among villagers for its ability to give infertile women a son. [55][56]
65 Evergreen Forest of Mokdo (목도의 상록수림) Bangdo-ri, Onsas-eup, Ulju County, Ulsan A 15,074 m2 (162,260 sq ft) forest on the uninhabited island of Mokdo, just offshore of Ulsan's Onsan Industrial Park. The island is the sole along Korea's east coast to have an evergreen forest, possessing flora which display the climatic features of the Korean peninsula. Sometimes called Chundo (椿島) for its plentiful camellia trees, records indicate that the island previously boasted 20 species of tree and 31 species of herb. It has also been called Jukdo (竹島) for its many bamboo trees, with which, according to tradition, arrows were made for the Imjin War and the Second Manhu Invasion, although the number of bamboo on the island has since dwindled. [57][58]
66 Northernmost Limit of Natural Growth of Camellia in Daecheongdo (대청도의 동백나무자생북한지) Daecheong-ri, Baengnyeong-myeon, Ongjin County, Incheon [59][60]
69 Turtle Rocks of Unpyeong-ri (운평리구상화강암) Unpyeong-ri, Nakdong-myeon, Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do [61][62]
73 Habitat of Manchurian Trout near Jeongamsa Temple (정암사의 열목어서식지) Gohan-ri, Gohn-eup, Jeongseon County, Gangwon-do [63][64]
74 Habitat of Branchymystax lenok in Seokpo-myeon, Bonghwa (봉화석포면의 열목어서식지) Daehyeon-ri, Seokpo-myeon, Bonghwa County, Gyeongsangbuk-do [65][66]
76 Gingko Tree in Yeongwol (영월의 은행나무) Hasong-ri, Yeongwol-eup, Yeongwol County, Gangwon-do A gingko tree on the outskirts of Hasong-ri, Yeongol. The tree is situated alone atop a hill that overlooks where the confluence of the Seo River and the Dong River forms the Namhan River. It has a massive and well-proportioned crown atop its erect trunk, rising to a height of 38 m (125 ft). By tradition the tree was planted by Eom Imeui, the progenitor of the Eom clan, and is estimated to be about 1300 years old. Descriptions of it appear in Korean literature, and ancient records from the Joseon royal library. It is famous for predicting major events with the loss of a large branch, including the annexation of Korea, liberation and the Korean War. [67][68]
78 Poncirus Tree of Gapgot-ri, Ganghwa (강화갑곶리의 탱자나무) Gapgot-ri, Ganghwa-eup, Ganghwa County, Incheon A poncirus tree on Ganghwa Island, which forms the northern boundary of the species. The tree is located by the Ganghwa History Museum, at the bottom of the ancient Gapgotdon fortifications. Reaching a height of 4.2 m (14 ft), the tree's crown leans over heavily. Its thick trunk, flush with branches and covered in thorns, has become rotted near the base. This tree is estimated to be about 400 years old. As a supplement to the moat, poncirus trees such as this were often tightly planted around a fort to make a defensive wall of thorns. [69][70]
79 Poncirus Tree of Sagi-ri, Ganghwa (강화사기리의 탱자나무) Sagi-ri, Hwado-myeon, Ganghwa County, Incheon A poncirus tree on Ganghwa Island, which forms the northern boundary of the species. The tree is located across from the birthplace of the late Joseon scholar Lee Geonchang (1852–1898). Rising to a height of 3.6 m (12 ft), the thorn covered trunk divides into three sections, each forming its own crown. One section is held aloft with supports. The tree is estimated to be about 400 years old. This tree appears to have once been part of a wall of poncirus trees, forming a defensive wall of thorns around a fort. [71][72]
82 Forest of Sinensis hackberry and Tschonoskii hornbeam in Cheongcheon-ri, Muan (무안 청천리 팽나무와 개서어나무숲) Cheongcheon-ri, Cheonggye-myeon, Muan County, Jeollanam-do A 11,969 m2 (128,830 sq ft) forest by the village of Cheongcheon-ri. The forest is adjacent Route 1 and serves as a park for local residents. It was planted to protect homes and crops from the strong typhoon winds coming from the coast, which had once been visible from the village. With trees reaching an average height of 15 m (49 ft), the forest is mainly populated by hackberry trees, as well as hornbeam and some zelkova trees. Estimated to be about 500 years old, according to tradition the forest was planted by the progenitor of the Bae clan of Dalseong. [73][74]
84 Gingko Tree in Haengjeong, Geumsan (금산행정의 은행나무) Yogwang-ri, Chubu-myeon, Geumsan County, Chungcheongnam-do A ginkgo tree near the village of Yogwang-ri. Reaching a height of 24 m (79 ft), the tree stands alone surrounded by flat country. The crown appears damaged from strong local winds, having lost several large branches in 1905, 1925, and post-liberation. Several branches are now secured to the trunk with cables, and a cavity in the lower part of the trunk has also been filled. The tree is estimated to be about 1000 years old, known by local villagers as the "Haengjeon Pavilion (杏亭) Gingko", after the eponymous pavilion that once stood nearby. [75][76]
88 Pair of Chinese Junipers of Songgwangsa Temple (송광사의 곱향나무쌍향수) Ieup-ri, Songgwang-myeon, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do A pair of Chinese junipers at Cheonjaam, a hermitage of the Buddhist temple Songgwangsa. Situated next to Nahajeon Hall, the trees grow so close together they look as if they were joined. Only 70 cm (28 in) separate the trunks, which wind and twist to a height of 12 m (39 ft). The junipers have very limited growing space, and the cavities in the trunks appear to have been extensively filled. Both are estimated to be about 800 years old. According to tradition, they took root after the monk Jinul (1158–1210) and his disciple Seongjing planted the canes they used during their travels to China. [77][78]
89 Wisterias of Oryu-ri (경주 오류리의 등나무) Oryu-ri, Hyeongok-myeon, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do A group of four Japanese wisterias in the village of Oryu-ri. Located near a brook in what was once a lotus pond, the trees twine around a Chinese nettle tree and reach a height of about 12 m (39 ft). The trees are estimated to be about 1000 years old. Locally, they are known as the "Dragon Wisterias" (龍藤), a reference to either their location in the Dragon Forest (龍林), which was used by the Silla king and his retainers to hunt, or to the shape of the trunks, which writhe like a dragon's body. According to legend, placing their dried flowers into the bedding of newlyweds brings greater closeness between husband and wife. [79][80]
91 Forest of Laurel of Mt.Naejangsan (내장산의 굴거리나무군락) Naejang-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do [81][82]
93 Turtelary Forest of Seongnam-ri (원성성남리의 성황림) Seongnam-ri, Sillim-myeon, Wonju, Gangwon-do [83][84]
95 Long-leafed Zelkova in Dogye-eup, Samcheok (삼척도계읍의 긴잎느티나무) Dogye-ri, Dogye-eup, Samcheok, Gangwon-do A Japanese zelkova in the village of Dogye-ri. The tree's upright trunk rises to a height of 20 m (66 ft), while the longer than normal leaves have led some specialists into considering it part of a subspecies. It was damaged by a typhoon in 1988, as well as having many calluses and filled cavities. The tree is estimated to be about 1000 years old. Scholars taking refuge from official purges during the late Goryeo and early Joseon Dynasties often came to this tree to consider their future. In modern times parents have come here to wish their children success on their entrance examinations. [85][86]
96 Asian Cork-oak Tree in Uljin (울진 수산리 굴참나무) Susan-ri, Gunnam-myeon, Uljin County, Gyeongsangbuk-do A cork-oak tree near the village of Susan-ri. The tree is 20 m (66 ft) tall, located on a hill where the national and coastal highways meet. Its trunk was heavily damaged by typhoon Sarah in 1959, and is still in a state of recovery. The tree is estimated to be about 350 years old. It was venerated as a guardian deity and once had an adjacent shrine. According to tradition, a king once took refuge under the tree while being pursued during a war, an hence the name of the nearby river, Wangpicheon (Hidden King River, 王避川). [87][88]
98 Gimnyeonggul and Manjanggul Caves of Jeju-do (제주도 김녕굴 및 만장굴) Gimnyeong-ri, Gujwa-eup, Jeju City, Jeju-do [89][90]

100-200

Number Name Location Description Ref(s)
163 Elaeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus Cheonjiyeon Waterfall wild Dampalsu trees [91]
182 Mount Hallasan Nature Reserve (한라산 천연보호구역) Jeju-do A 91,620,591 m2 (986,195,830 sq ft) nature reserve centered around Hallasan, a shield volcano and South Korea's highest peak. The reserve 1,565 varieties of plant, 873 insects, 198 birds, 17 mammals, and 8 reptiles in multiple areas around Jeju-do between 600 m (2,000 ft) and 1,300 m (4,300 ft) above sea level. The terrain features diverse geological and geographic features such as a crater lake. [92][93]

200-300

Number Name Location Description Ref(s)
200 Black stork (Ciconia nigra) (먹황새) Nationwide The distribution area of the black stork is as follows; Iran, Amure, Usuri, the north of the northeastern districts in China, Korea, Japan, Africa, India.

The body's length of black stork is 96 cm and the head and the neck, the upper chest and the back are glossy black. The bellt is white and the bill, the legs and the eyesides are red. The young bird totally has a blurred color mixed brown. This bird inhabits rice fields, riversides or small valleys and lives single and couple. It builds a nest on the top of a remote high tree or on the twig of rock cliff and lays 3~5 white eggs.The black-headed stork is designated and is conserved as a Natural Monument because it is a winter migrant which rarely comes out from September to October and from January to February in Korea.

 [94]

400-500

Number Name Location Description Ref(s)
453 Korean terrapin (남생이) Nationwide The Korean terrapin (Geoclemys reevesii Gray) is a turtle that inhabits unpolluted mountain streams and is found in Korea, Japan, China, and Taiwan.

The carapace is brown, measuring 20-25 cm long and shaped like an elongated oval. The edges are smooth with a yellowish-green band around the edges and a faint black pattern, which is unusual. There is a low ridge down the back, which is covered in small black scales with uneven vertical lines at the ends of the sides. The four limbs are covered in wide scales. The turtle lives in freshwater and is omnivorous, eating fish, crustacea, and aquatic plants. Between June and August it digs a hole in the sand and lays 5-15 eggs. This turtle often appeared in old folk paintings, as it was once a very common reptile in rivers around the country. Numbers, however, are dropping rapidly due to pollution and modification of river habitats, collection of aggregate from rivers, diminishing of forests, and spread of foreign species (i.e. red-eared slider). In addition, the number has dropped further through uncontrolled hunting of the turtles for use in folk remedies and herbal medicine. The turtles are said to be good for nutrition, strength and vitality.

 [95]
473 Pine Tree Forest in Hahoe, Andong (안동 하회마을 만송정숲) Hahoe, Pungcheon-myeon, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do A 145,219 m2 (1,563,120 sq ft) grove of pine trees alongside the Nakdong River. Serving as a wind break and flood defense, the current forest was replanted about a century ago, and the trees now reach a height of 15 m (49 ft) to 20 m (66 ft). It was originally planted by Ryu Unryong (1539–1601) in the Joseon Dynasty to mitigate the geomantic energy coming from Buyongdae, a cliff opposite the village of Hahoe, and is named "Forest of Ten Thousand Pines" (萬松亭). A festival for the forest is held in the seventh month of the lunar calendar. [96][97]
485 Plum Tree of Hwaeomsa Temple in Gurye (구례 화엄사 매화) Hwangjeon-ri, Masan-myeon, Gurye, Jeollanam-do A Chinese plum tree at Gilsangam, a hermitage of the Buddhist temple Hwaeomsa. The tree is located amongst a forest of bamboo trees along the approach to the hermitage, and is accompanied by a small lotus pond. Reaching a height of 7.8 m (26 ft), the tree is estimated to be about 450 years old. According to tradition, it was originally one of four plum trees brought from China and planted on the temple grounds, though the other three have since died. [98][99]

See also

References

Notes
  1. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Geology·Landform·Scenic Sights) 2009, pp.362–371
  2. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.444–445
  3. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 1". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  4. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.24–25
  5. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 8". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  6. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.26–27
  7. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 9". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  8. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Animals) 2009, pp.164–165
  9. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 11". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  10. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Animals) 2009, pp.166–167
  11. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 13". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  12. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.446–447
  13. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 18". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  14. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.448–449
  15. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 19". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  16. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Animals) 2009, pp.218–219
  17. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 27". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  18. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.350–351
  19. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 28". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  20. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.398–399
  21. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 29". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  22. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.28–29
  23. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 30". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  24. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.30–31
  25. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 35". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  26. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.32–33
  27. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 36". Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  28. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.34–35
  29. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 38". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  30. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.36–37
  31. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 39". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  32. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.400–401
  33. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 40". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  34. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.450–451
  35. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 48". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  36. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.452–453
  37. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 49". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  38. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.454–455
  39. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 50". Retrieved 25 May 2011.
  40. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.456–457
  41. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 51". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  42. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.458–459
  43. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 52". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  44. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Animals) 2009, pp.26–27
  45. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 53". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  46. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "천연기념물 제53호 (Natural Monuments 53)" (in Korean). Retrieved 6 July 2011.
  47. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.28–29
  48. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 59". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  49. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.40–41
  50. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 60". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  51. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.460–461
  52. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 62". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  53. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.462–463
  54. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 63". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  55. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.42–43
  56. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 64". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  57. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.352–353
  58. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 65". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  59. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.464–465
  60. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 66". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  61. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Geology·Landform·Scenic Sights) 2009, pp.64–65
  62. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 69". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  63. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Animals) 2009, pp.220–221
  64. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 73". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  65. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Animals) 2009, pp.222–223
  66. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 74". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  67. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.44–45
  68. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 76". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  69. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.46–47
  70. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 78". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  71. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.48–49
  72. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 79". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  73. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.402–403
  74. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 82". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  75. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.50–51
  76. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 84". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  77. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.52–53
  78. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 88". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  79. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.54–55
  80. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 89". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  81. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.466–467
  82. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 91". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  83. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.404–405
  84. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 93". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  85. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.56–57
  86. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 95". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  87. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.58–59
  88. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 96". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  89. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Geology·Landform·Scenic Sights) 2009, pp.124–127
  90. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 98". Retrieved 19 July 2011.
  91. ↑ english.visitkorea.or.kr
  92. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Geology·Landform·Scenic Sights) 2009, pp.180–183
  93. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 182". Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  94. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 200". Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  95. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 453". Retrieved 5 October 2013.
  96. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.434–435
  97. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monuments 473". Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  98. ↑ Natural Monuments·Scenic Sites (Plants) 2009, pp.316–317
  99. ↑ Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea. "Natural Monument 485". Retrieved 15 Oct 2011.
Bibliography