National Motor Vehicle Company

The National Motor Vehicle Company was an American manufacturer of automobiles in Indianapolis, Indiana between 1900 and 1924. One of its presidents, Arthur C. Newby, was also one of the investors who created the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.^[1]

The company first concentrated on electric vehicles but soon began producing gasoline-engined cars. National produced a range of four, six, and twelve-cylinder passenger vehicles, as well as numerous successful racing cars. In 1922, National was merged into Associated Motor Industries, which subsequently went out of business in 1924.

History

1905 National - Electric or gasoline

Production models

National's first vehicle was the tiller-steered electric runabout Style A in 1900. The single electric motor was situated at the rear of the car, producing 9 hp (6.7 kW). A 4-speed herring bone transmission was fitted. The reinforced wood-framed car could reach 15 mph (24 km/h). In 1903, the company began producing internal combustion-engined cars with four-cylinder engines made by Rutenber. Electric cars were dropped from production in 1905.

For 1905, a circular radiator became a styling signature of the National brand.^[2] National introduced one of the first six-cylinder engines in the 1906 model range, which remained available until the breakup of the company.^[2]

1913 National Series V-N3 Tonneau

Peak production for National was reached in 1915, with over 1,800 cars produced. For 1916, the company introduced the Highway Twelve, a 12-cylinder engine of the company's own design ^[3] and changed its name to National Motor and Vehicle Corporation. Curiously, the 6-cylinder engine option was priced higher than the 12-cylinder, perhaps because National outsourced the 6-cylinder to Continental under the "Continental Red Seal" moniker.^[2]

1910 National 40 Indianapolis at the 2009 Goodwood Festival of Speed.

Forced to raise their asking prices to counteract the effects of wartime inflation, National ended up in a higher price range in which they could not compete.^[3] For 1920, National dropped their Highway Sixes and Twelves and issued a new model – the Sextet.^[3] The Sextet used a Continental side-valve six-cylinder, modified by National engineers with an overhead valve head.^[3]

Merger

The company was merged to form Associated Motor Industries in 1922 along with Dixie Flyer and Jackson.^[4] Associated was renamed the National Motors Corporation in 1923, and few cars were made until the company ceased production in 1924.^[4]

Sporting success

National had the most enviable and successful career of all of the American pre-World War I race cars. For instance, in 1911, in a combination of road races, speedway races, hill climbs and dirt track races, they won a total of 84 times, came in second 48 times and third 30 times. ^[5]

The Elgin National Trophy race as well as the Illinois Trophy was won by a National 6-cylinder in 1911.^[2] In 1912, Joe Dawson won the Indianapolis 500 in a National with an average speed of 78.7 mph.^[2] This was the first and only time a stock car ever won the Indianapolis 500.^[5]

Advertisements

National Six - 1907.

A 1910 National Automobile Advertisement - Syracuse Post-Standard, June 11, 1910

A 1920 National Automobile Advertisement - The Syracuse Herald, July 18, 1910

References

Sources

• Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly (January, 1904)
• Clymer, Floyd. Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877-1925. New York: Bonanza Books, 1950.

See also

• List of automobile manufacturers
• List of defunct automobile manufacturers

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